INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SYSTEMATIC AND EVOLUTIONARY MICROBIOLOGY current issue

List of new names and new combinations previously effectively, but not validly, published [VALIDATION LIST]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:06 PST

The purpose of this announcement is to effect the valid publication of the following effectively published new names and new combinations under the procedure described in the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision). Authors and other individuals wishing to have new names and/or combinations included in future lists should send three copies of the pertinent reprint or photocopies thereof, or an electronic copy of the published paper, to the IJSEM Editorial Office for confirmation that all of the other requirements for valid publication have been met. It is also a requirement of IJSEM and the ICSP that authors of new species, new subspecies and new combinations provide evidence that types are deposited in two recognized culture collections in two different countries. It should be noted that the date of valid publication of these new names and combinations is the date of publication of this list, not the date of the original publication of the names and combinations. The authors of the new names and combinations are as given below, and these authors' names will be included in the author index of the present issue. Inclusion of a name on these lists validates the publication of the name and thereby makes it available in bacteriological nomenclature. The inclusion of a name on this list is not to be construed as taxonomic acceptance of the taxon to which the name is applied. Indeed, some of these names may, in time, be shown to be synonyms, or the organisms may be transferred to another genus, thus necessitating the creation of a new combination.

Notification that new names and new combinations have appeared in volume 59, part 8, of the IJSEM [NOTIFICATION LIST]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:06 PST

This listing of names published in a previous issue of the IJSEM is provided as a service to bacteriology to assist in the recognition of new names and new combinations. This procedure was proposed by the Judicial Commission [Minute 11(ii), Int J Syst Bacteriol 41 (1991), p. 185]. The names given herein are listed according to the Rules of priority (i.e. page number and order of valid publication of names in the original articles). Taxonomic opinions included in this List (i.e. the creation of synonyms or the emendation of circumscriptions) cannot be considered as validly published nor, in any other way, approved by the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes and its Judicial Commission.

Chitinilyticum litopenaei sp. nov., isolated from a freshwater shrimp pond, and emended description of the genus Chitinilyticum [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Chang, S.-C., Wu, M.-C., Chen, W.-M., Tsai, Y.-H., Lee, T.-M. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:06 PST

Strain c1^T, originally isolated from surface water of a freshwater pond located in Pingtung (southern Taiwan) used for culture of Pacific white shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei), was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic analysis. The strain exhibited strong chitinolytic activity and was able to grow under aerobic and anaerobic conditions by utilizing chitin exclusively as the carbon, nitrogen and energy source. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed a clear affiliation to the Betaproteobacteria, with the closest relatives being Chitinilyticum aquatile C14^T and Chitinibacter tainanensis S1^T, respectively showing 96.7 and 93.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The predominant fatty acids detected in cells of strain c1^T were C_{16 : 0}, C_{18 : 1}7c and summed feature 3 (C_{16 : 1}7c and/or iso-C_{15 : 0} 2-OH). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 62.2±1.0 mol%. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA hybridization data, physiological and biochemical characteristics and fatty acid compositions, the organism was shown to belong to the genus Chitinilyticum whilst representing a novel species within this genus, for which we propose the name Chitinilyticum litopenaei sp. nov. (type strain c1^T =DSM 21440^T =BCRC 17609^T).

Paenibacillus sonchi sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the rhizosphere of Sonchus oleraceus [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Hong, Y.-Y., Ma, Y.-C., Zhou, Y.-G., Gao, F., Liu, H.-C., Chen, S.-F. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

A nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain X19-5^T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of Sonchus oleraceus. Phylogenetic analysis based on a fragment of the nifH gene and the full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain X19-5^T was a member of the genus Paenibacillus. Strain X19-5^T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.8 %) with Paenibacillus graminis RSA19^T and below 97 % similarity with other recognized members of the genus. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain X19-5^T and P. graminis RSA19^T was 45.7 %. The DNA G+C content of strain X19-5^T was 46.8 mol%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C_{15 : 0}, C_{16 : 0} and iso-C_{16 : 0}. On the basis of its phenotypic characteristics and the level of DNA–DNA hybridization, strain X19-5^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus sonchi sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is X19-5^T (=CCBAU 83901^T=LMG 24727^T).

Lactobacillus sucicola sp. nov., a motile lactic acid bacterium isolated from oak tree (Quercus sp.) sap [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Irisawa, T., Okada, S. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

Three strains of rod-shaped and motile lactic acid bacteria, NRIC 0736^T, NRIC 0735 and NRIC 0737 were isolated from sap obtained from two different oak trees (Quercus sp.) on Awashima Island, Kagawa Prefecture, Japan. The three strains showed nearly identical 16S rRNA gene sequences (>99.7 % sequence similarity). The novel strains showed low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to recognized species of lactic acid bacteria. High gene sequence similarities were found between strain NRIC 0736^T and Lactobacillus satsumensis NRIC 0604^T (96.3 %), Lactobacillus mali DSM 20444^T (95.3 %) and Lactobacillus vini DSM 20605^T (95.3 %). DNA–DNA relatedness values revealed the genotypic separation of the three novel isolates from these recognized species. It is concluded that the three new isolates represent a novel species, for which the name Lactobacillus sucicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NRIC 0736^T (=JCM 15457^T=DSM 21376^T).

Flavobacterium cauense sp. nov., isolated from sediment of a eutrophic lake [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Qu, J.-H., Yuan, H.-L., Li, H.-F., Deng, C.-P. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain R2A-7^T, was isolated from sediment of the eutrophic Taihu Lake in Jiangsu Province, China. The isolate was subjected to a taxonomic study using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences placed strain R2A-7^T within the genus Flavobacterium in the family Flavobacteriaceae. The highest sequence similarity was found with Flavobacterium saliperosum (98.3 %), followed by other Flavobacterium species with similarities <96.0 %. The major fatty acids (>5 %) were 15 : 0 iso, 17 : 1 iso 9c, 17 : 0 iso 3-OH, 15 : 1 iso G and 15 : 0 iso 3-OH. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain R2A-7^T was 37.7 mol%. The DNA–DNA relatedness value with F. saliperosum CGMCC 1.3801^T was 40.6 %. Molecular and phenotypic data suggest that strain R2A-7^T represents a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium cauense is proposed. The type strain is R2A-7^T (=CGMCC 1.7270^T=NBRC 104929^T).

Paracoccus chinensis sp. nov., isolated from sediment of a reservoir [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Li, H.-F., Qu, J.-H., Yang, J.-S., Li, Z.-J., Yuan, H.-L. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

A Gram-negative, short ovoid- to coccus-shaped, aerobic, motile, non-spore-forming bacterium (designated strain KS-11^T) was isolated from sediment of the eutrophic Guanting reservoir in Beijing, China. Colonies grown on R2A agar plates were circular, convex and colourless to orange. The strain grew in the presence of up to 1 % NaCl (optimum, 0 % NaCl). Growth occurred at 25–40 °C (optimum, 28–37 °C) and at pH 6.0–9.5 (optimum, pH 7.5–9.0). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain KS-11^T was shown to belong to the class Alphaproteobacteria, being closely related to Paracoccus marinus (96.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity), followed by Paracoccus koreensis (96.8 %), Paracoccus solventivorans (96.8 %), Paracoccus alkenifer (96.2 %) and Paracoccus kocurii (95.8 %). The major fatty acids of strain KS-11^T were summed feature 7 (C_{18 : 1}7c/9t/12t) (83.8 %) and C_{18 : 0} (6.5 %) and the G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.0 mol%. Based on comparative analysis of physiological and chemotaxonomic data, it is proposed that strain KS-11^T represents a novel species of the genus Paracoccus, named Paracoccus chinensis sp. nov. The type strain is KS-11^T (=CGMCC 1.7655^T=NBRC 104937^T).

Seohaeicola saemankumensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Yoon, J.-H., Kang, S.-J., Lee, S.-Y., Oh, K.-H., Oh, T.-K. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

A Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-, oval- or coccoid-shaped bacterial strain, SD-15^T, was isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea, Korea. The novel strain, which was phylogenetically closely related to the genera Phaeobacter, Leisingera and Marinovum, was studied using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain SD-15^T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0 and 30 °C in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. It contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C_{18 : 1}7c and 11-methyl C_{18 : 1}7c as the major fatty acids. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was 63.4 mol%. Strain SD-15^T exhibited the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values (95.1–96.4 %) to the type strains of species of the genus Phaeobacter, Leisingera methylohalidivorans MB2^T and Marinovum algicola ATCC 51440^T. Strain SD-15^T could be differentiated from members of the genera Phaeobacter, Leisingera and Marinovum by differences in the contents of some fatty acids, by the absence of aminolipid and by differences in some phenotypic properties. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain SD-15^T represents a new genus and novel species, for which the name Seohaeicola saemankumensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is Seohaeicola saemankumensis SD-15^T (=KCTC 22175^T=CCUG 55328^T).

Paenibacillus cellulositrophicus sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium from Thai soil [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Akaracharanya, A., Lorliam, W., Tanasupawat, S., Lee, K. C., Lee, J.-S. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

A cellulolytic bacterium, strain P2-1^T, isolated from soil in Thailand, was characterized using a taxonomic approach based on phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics and the 16S rRNA gene sequence. The novel strain was Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming and rod-shaped. It contained meso-diaminopimelic as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The DNA G+C content was 52.7 mol%. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. Anteiso-C_{15 : 0} and iso-C_{16 : 0} were the dominant cellular fatty acids. Phylogenetic analyses using the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the novel strain was affiliated to the genus Paenibacillus. Strain P2-1^T was closely related to Paenibacillus cineris KCTC 3998^T, P. favisporus KCTC 3910^T and P. rhizosphaerae KCTC 13015^T with 96.3–96.5 % gene sequence similarity. DNA–DNA relatedness, physiological characteristics and some biochemical characteristics clearly distinguished strain P2-1^T from related species of the genus Paenibacillus. Therefore, strain P2-1^T represents a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus cellulositrophicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is P2-1^T (=KCTC 13135^T=PCU 305^T=TISTR 1888^T).

Caldanaerovirga acetigignens gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic xylanolytic, alkalithermophilic bacterium isolated from Trego Hot Spring, Nevada, USA [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

An anaerobic thermophilic bacterium, designated strain JW/SA-NV4^T, was isolated from a xylan-supplemented enrichment culture from Trego hot spring located within the Black Rock Desert (NV, USA). Cells were generally straight or slightly bent rod-shaped, 0.4–0.8 µm in width and 3–6 µm in length during exponential growth. Cells from stationary phase were variable in size and shape, showing curved or bent morphology. Motility was not seen and flagella were not observed in electron micrographs. Sporulation was not observed. Strain JW/SA-NV4^T stained Gram-negative but is phylogenetically Gram-type positive. Growth occurred at pH^25 °C 6.8–8.8, with optimum growth at pH 8.4; no growth occurred at pH 9.0 or above or at 6.5 or below. With glucose or xylose as the carbon source, strain JW/SA-NV4^T grew at 44–74 °C; no growth occurred at 76 °C or above or at 42 °C or below. However, the optimum temperature was 62 and 66 °C when grown on glucose and xylose, respectively. The shortest doubling time observed with glucose was approximately 4 h, and with xylose approximately 3.4 h. Strain JW/SA-NV4^T tolerated an atmosphere containing up to 0.1 % O₂; no growth occurred at a gas atmosphere of 0.2 % O₂. Chemo-organotrophic growth occurred with xylose, glucose, mannose, xylan, pyruvate, fructose, ribose, Casamino acids, mannitol, tryptone, peptone, cellobiose and yeast extract. When grown in mineral media containing 1 g yeast extract l^–1 as an electron donor, thiosulfate and sulfur were reduced to sulfide. The G+C content of the DNA was 38.6 mol% (HPLC). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed strain JW/SA-NV4^T within the order Thermoanaerobacterales and within the Thermoanaerobacterales Incertae Sedis Family III, specifically between taxa classified within the genera Thermosediminibacter and Thermovenabulum. The closest phylogenetic neighbours were Thermosediminibacter oceani JW/IW-1228P^T (94.2 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Thermosediminibacter litoriperuensis JW/YJL-1230-7/2^T (94.0 %) [Lee, Y.-J., Wagner, I. D., Brice, M. E., Kevbrin, V. V., Mills, G. L., Romanek, C. S. & Wiegel, J. (2005). Extremophiles 9, 375–383]. Based on physiological and genotypic characteristics, strain JW/SA-NV4^T (=DSM 18802^T=ATCC BAA-1454^T) is proposed to represent the type strain of a novel species in a novel genus, Caldanaerovirga acetigignens gen. nov., sp. nov.

Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens gen. nov., sp. nov., a reductively dehalogenating bacterium isolated from chlorinated solvent-contaminated groundwater [NEW TAXA: Other Bacteria]

Moe, W. M., Yan, J., Nobre, M. F., da Costa, M. S., Rainey, F. A. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

Two recently reported bacterial strains that are able to reductively dehalogenate polychlorinated aliphatic alkanes, including 1,2,3-trichloropropane, 1,2-dichloropropane, 1,1,2,2-tetrachloroethane, 1,1,2-trichloroethane and 1,2-dichloroethane, were further characterized to clarify their taxonomic position. The two strains, designated BL-DC-8 and BL-DC-9^T, were mesophilic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative staining and strictly anaerobic. Cells were irregular cocci, 0.3–0.6 µm in diameter. The two strains were resistant to ampicillin and vancomycin. Hydrogen was utilized as an electron donor. The genomic DNA G+C content of strains BL-DC-8 and BL-DC-9^T was 54.0 and 53.8 mol%, respectively. The major cellular fatty acids were C_{18 : 1}9c, C_{16 : 1}9c, C_{16 : 0} and C_{14 : 0}. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strains cluster within the phylum Chloroflexi, but are related only distantly to all recognized taxa in the phylum. Morphological, physiological and chemotaxonomic traits as well as phylogenetic analysis support the conclusion that these two strains represent a novel species of a new genus in the phylum Chloroflexi, for which the name Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Dehalogenimonas lykanthroporepellens is BL-DC-9^T (=ATCC BAA-1523^T =JCM 15061^T).

Tepidimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. nov., an anaerobic xylanolytic bacterium, and emended description of the genus Tepidimicrobium [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Niu, L., Song, L., Liu, X., Dong, X. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

A novel, xylanolytic, anaerobic, moderately thermophilic bacterium, strain PML14^T, was isolated from the sludge of a thermophilic anaerobic digester treating municipal solid waste and sewage in Beijing, China. The strain was a Gram-positive, spore-forming and motile rod. Growth of the novel strain was observed at 25–67 °C (optimum 60 °C) and pH 5.8–9.3 (optimum pH 8.5). Strain PML14^T grew on a number of carbohydrates, including xylan, xylose, glucose and cellobiose, and a variety of proteinaceous compounds, including peptone, tryptone, Casamino acids, yeast extract, beef extract, casein hydrolysate, l-cysteine, l-serine, l-lysine, l-glycine, l-threonine, l-methionine and pyruvate. The fermentation products from glucose included acetate, ethanol, butyrate, hydrogen and carbon dioxide. Propionate was produced from xylan in addition to other compounds. Fe(III), 9,10-anthraquinone 2,6-disulfonate and thiosulfate were reduced with peptone as the electron donor. NH₃ was produced. Indole was not produced. Gelatin was not hydrolysed. The DNA G+C content of strain PML14^T was 36.2±0.8 mol% (T_m). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PML14^T was related to the members of cluster XII of the clostridia, most closely to Tepidimicrobium ferriphilum SB91^T with 93.8 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. On the basis of polyphasic evidence from this study, it is suggested that strain PML14^T (=CGMCC 1.5080^T=JCM 15035^T) represents a novel species of the genus Tepidimicrobium, for which the name Tepidimicrobium xylanilyticum sp. nov., is proposed. An emended description of the genus Tepidimicrobium is also provided.

Pseudorhodoferax soli gen. nov., sp. nov. and Pseudorhodoferax caeni sp. nov., two members of the class Betaproteobacteria belonging to the family Comamonadaceae [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Bruland, N., Bathe, S., Willems, A., Steinbuchel, A. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

A novel betaproteobacterium, strain TBEA3^T, was isolated from soil using enrichment cultures with the organic thioether 3,3'-thiodipropionic acid as sole carbon and energy source. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed 99.1 % sequence similarities to a poorly characterized member of the family Comamonadaceae, strain SB1^T, which had been previously isolated from activated sludge. Both strains showed highest gene sequence similarities (up to 96.9 %) to members of the genera Rhodoferax and Curvibacter. The DNA G+C contents of strains TBEA3^T and SB1^T were 69.1 and 70.1 mol%, respectively, and the DNA–DNA hybridization value between these two strains was 45.3 %. The predominant cellular fatty acids in both strains were C_{16 : 0}, C_{18 : 1}7c and summed feature 3 (C_{16 : 1}7c and/or C_{15 : 0} iso 2-OH). The major 3-hydroxy fatty acid was C_{10 : 0} 3-OH. Based on the genetic and chemotaxonomic data, strains TBEA3^T and SB1^T represent two novel species of a new genus within the family Comamonadaceae, for which the name Pseudorhodoferax gen. nov. is proposed. Strain TBEA3^T (=LMG 24555^T=DSM 21634^T) is assigned to Pseudorhodoferax soli sp. nov., as the type strain of the type species of the genus. Strain SB1^T (=LMG 24543^T=DSM 21598^T) is the type strain of Pseudorhodoferax caeni sp. nov.

Nocardiopsis litoralis sp. nov., a halophilic marine actinomycete isolated from a sea anemone [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant, filamentous, aerobic actinomycete, designated strain JSM 073097^T, was isolated from a sea anemone collected from a tidal flat in the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the new isolate was a member of the genus Nocardiopsis and was most closely related to Nocardiopsis kunsanensis HA-9^T, Nocardiopsis xinjiangensis YIM 90004^T and Nocardiopsis salina YIM 90010^T (99.6, 98.5 and 98.1 % similarity, respectively). Phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data also indicated that strain JSM 073097^T was a member of the genus Nocardiopsis. The strain grew well on most of the media tested, producing white to yellow–white substrate mycelium and white aerial mycelium and straight to flexuous hyphae. The substrate mycelium was well developed and fragmented with age; the aerial mycelium produced long, straight to flexuous spore chains with non-motile, smooth-surfaced, rod-shaped spores. The strain grew in the presence of 1–15 % (w/v) total salts and at pH 6.0–10.5 and 20–35 °C; optimum growth occurred in the presence of 5–7 % (w/v) total salts and at pH 8.5 and 25 °C. Whole-cell hydrolysates of strain JSM 073097^T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid and no diagnostic sugars. The predominant menaquinones were MK-10(H₄), MK-10(H₆) and MK-10(H₈). The major cellular fatty acids were iso-C_{15 : 0}, iso-C_{16 : 0}, anteiso-C_{16 : 0} and 10-methyl C_{18 : 0}. Polar lipids comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of strain JSM 073097^T was 70.4 mol%. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness data, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supported the suggestion that strain JSM 073097^T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardiopsis, for which the name Nocardiopsis litoralis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JSM 073097^T (=DSM 45168^T=KCTC 19473^T).

Deinococcus piscis sp. nov., a radiation-resistant bacterium isolated from a marine fish [NEW TAXA: Other Bacteria]

Shashidhar, R., Bandekar, J. R. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

A radiation-resistant, Gram-stain-positive, non-motile, non-sporulating, aerobic, coccoid bacterium, strain 3ax^T, was isolated from a marine fish (black pomfret, Parastromateus niger), with radiation as a selective pressure. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 3ax^T exhibited highest similarity (97.9 %) with Deinococcus proteolyticus DSM 20540^T. The T_m for DNA–DNA hybridization of D. proteolyticus DSM 20540^T and strain 3ax^T was 15.3 °C, indicating that the novel strain was distinct from D. proteolyticus DSM 20540^T. The predominant respiratory quinone was MK-8. Strain 3ax^T could grow at 20–42 °C; the optimum temperature for growth was 35 °C. The strain grew well at pH 6–9, with optimum growth at pH 7. The cell wall contained ornithine. The major fatty acids were 16 : 0, 16 : 17c, 16 : 19c and 18 : 19c. Three phosphoglycolipids and one aminophospholipid were the major polar lipids. Based on the genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, strain 3ax^T was significantly different from D. proteolyticus DSM 20540^T and, therefore, it was identified as representing a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the name Deinococcus piscis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 3ax^T (=MTCC9123^T =DSM 19767^T).

Roseovarius halotolerans sp. nov., isolated from deep seawater [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

A Gram-reaction-negative, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated HJ50^T, was isolated from deep seawater of the East Sea, South Korea. Cells were ovoid to rod-shaped (0.5–0.8x1.3–3.0 µm), often with unequal ends, suggesting a budding mode of reproduction. The strain had an absolute requirement for sea salts and tolerated up to 20 % (w/v) sea salts. Propionate, dl-lactate, 2-ketogluconate, 3-hydroxybutyrate and rhamnose were used as growth substrates, but not mannitol, salicin, 4-hydroxybenzoate or acetate. The major fatty acid was summed feature 7 (C_{18 : 1}7c/9t/12t) and the DNA G+C content was 59.0±0.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this strain was affiliated with the genus Roseovarius. Similarities between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain HJ50^T (1430 nt) and those of type strains of members of the genus Roseovarius were 94.1–96.3 %. DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain HJ50^T and the type strains of members of the genus Roseovarius were low (1.3–24.6 %). Physiological and biochemical differences support assignment of strain HJ50^T to the genus Roseovarius as a representative of a novel species. The name Roseovarius halotolerans sp. nov. is proposed, with HJ50^T (=KCTC 22224^T =LMG 24468^T) as the type strain.

Nocardioides humi sp. nov., a {beta}-glucosidase-producing bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Kim, M. K., Srinivasan, S., Park, M.-J., Sathiyaraj, G., Kim, Y.-J., Yang, D.-C. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

Strain DCY24^T, a Gram-reaction-positive, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile bacterium, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea. According to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, it was closely related to Nocardioides aromaticivorans DSM 15131^T (95.1 % similarity), Nocardioides simplex KCTC 9106^T (95.0 %), Nocardioides nitrophenolicus DSM 15529^T (94.8 %) and Nocardioides kongjuensis DSM 19082^T (94.7 %). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain DCY24^T possessed MK-8(H₄) as the predominant menaquinone, ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as predominant polar lipids and iso-C_{16 : 0}, iso-C_{17 : 0} and C_{18 : 1}9c as predominant fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 71.0 mol%. Based on evidence from this polyphasic study, strain DCY24^T (=KCTC 19265^T =LMG 24128^T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel Nocardioides species, for which the name Nocardioides humi sp. nov. is proposed.

Nocardiopsis potens sp. nov., isolated from household waste [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Yassin, A. F., Sproer, C., Hupfer, H., Siering, C., Klenk, H.-P. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:07 PST

The taxonomic position of an actinomycete, designated strain IMMIB L-21^T, was determined using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The organism, which had phenotypic properties consistent with its classification in the genus Nocardiopsis, formed a distinct clade in the 16S rRNA gene sequence tree together with the type strain of Nocardiopsis composta, but was readily distinguished from this species using DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic data. The genotypic and phenotypic data show that the organism represents a novel species of the genus Nocardiopsis, for which the name Nocardiopsis potens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is IMMIB L-21^T (=DSM 45234^T=CCUG 56587^T).

Corynebacterium doosanense sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

The taxonomic position of a Gram-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming coryneform, isolated from activated sludge and designated strain CAU 212^T, was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Cellular morphology, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic investigations revealed that strain CAU 212^T had the characteristics of the genus Corynebacterium. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism formed a hitherto-unknown subline within the genus Corynebacterium. Sequence divergence values of more than 4.3 % from recognized Corynebacterium species, together with phenotypic differences, showed that the bacterium represents a previously unrecognized member of the genus Corynebacterium, for which the name Corynebacterium doosanense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 212^T (=KCTC 19568^T=CCUG 57284^T).

Muricauda lutaonensis sp. nov., a moderate thermophile isolated from a coastal hot spring [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A yellow-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, non-motile, moderately thermophilic, rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain CC-HSB-11^T, was isolated from a coastal hot spring of Green Island (Lutao), located off Taituang, Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that it shared <94.4 % sequence similarity with Muricauda species. Menaquinone with six isoprene units (MK-6) was the major respiratory quinone and iso-C_{15 : 0}, iso-C_{15 : 1} G, iso-C_{15 : 0} 3-OH, iso-C_{16 : 0} 3-OH, iso-C_{17 : 0} 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C_{15 : 0} 2-OH and/or C_{16 : 1}7c/t) were the predominant fatty acids. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. Six unidentified phospholipids and glycolipids also occurred as minor components. The DNA G+C content of strain CC-HSB-11^T was 46.4±1 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with other Muricauda species and differentiating fatty acid compositions and other phenotypic data, strain CC-HSB-11^T represents a novel species in the genus Muricauda, for which the name Muricauda lutaonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-HSB-11^T (=BCRC 17850^T =KCTC 22339^T).

Desulfosporosinus youngiae sp. nov., a spore-forming, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from a constructed wetland treating acid mine drainage [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Lee, Y.-J., Romanek, C. S., Wiegel, J. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

Strain JW/YJL-B18^T, a spore-forming, sulfate-reducing bacterium, was isolated from constructed wetland sediment. Cells were curved rods, 0.7–1.2 µm in diameter and 3–7 µm long. Despite being phylogenetically a member of the Gram-type-positive phylum Firmicutes, cells stained Gram-negative at all growth phases. Strain JW/YJL-B18^T grew at 8–39 °C, with an optimum at 32–35 °C and no growth at 4 °C or below or at 42 °C or above. The pH^25 °C range for growth was 5.7–8.2, with an optimum at pH^25 °C 7.0–7.3, and no growth was detected at or below pH 5.2 or at or above pH 8.4. The salinity range for growth was 0–3 % (NaCl/KCl 9 : 1). Strain JW/YJL-B18^T utilized as carbon and energy sources beef extract, yeast extract, formate, succinate, lactate, pyruvate, ethanol and toluene. Fumarate, sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate were reduced in the presence of lactate. Arsenate (V) was not used as an electron acceptor. Strain JW/YJL-B18^T showed no indication of growth under autotrophic conditions. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C_{16 : 1} and C_{16 : 0}. The genomic DNA G+C content was 36.6 mol% (HPLC). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain JW/YJL-B18^T fell into the genus Desulfosporosinus, with Desulfosporosinus auripigmenti OREX-4^T as its closest neighbour with a validly published name (97.9 % similarity). Based on molecular genetic evidence and physiological and biochemical characters including differences in the DNA G+C content, we propose to place strain JW/YJL-B18^T (=DSM 17734^T =ATCC BAA-1261^T) as the type strain of a novel species, Desulfosporosinus youngiae sp. nov.

Nonomuraea antimicrobica sp. nov., an endophytic actinomycete isolated from a leaf of Maytenus austroyunnanensis [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Qin, S., Zhao, G.-Z., Klenk, H.-P., Li, J., Zhu, W.-Y., Xu, L.-H., Li, W.-J. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A novel actinomycete strain, designated YIM 61105^T, was isolated from a leaf of Maytenus austroyunnanensis from the tropical rainforest in Xishuangbanna, Yunnan Province, south-west China. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the organism belonged to the phylogenetic cluster of the genus Nonomuraea and was most closely related to Nonomuraea candida HMC10^T (98.2 %), ‘Nonomuraea aegyptia’ S136 (97.9 %), Nonomuraea kuesteri GW 14-1925^T (97.5 %) and Nonomuraea turkmeniaca DSM 43926^T (97.4 %). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to other Nonomuraea species were less than 97.4 %. The main chemotaxonomic properties of strain YIM 61105^T, such as the principal amino acid of the peptidoglycan, the predominant menaquinone and the polar lipid profile, supported its classification within the genus Nonomuraea. Strain YIM 61105^T was also readily differentiated from closely related species on the basis of a broad range of phenotypic properties and DNA–DNA hybridization values. Thus, this isolate is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nonomuraea, for which the name Nonomuraea antimicrobica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 61105^T (=DSM 45220^T=CCTCC AA 208016^T).

Novel members of the family Micromonosporaceae, Rugosimonospora acidiphila gen. nov., sp. nov. and Rugosimonospora africana sp. nov. [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

Two novel Gram-positive-staining, acidophilic strains were isolated from soil samples. Both show typical features of filamentous actinomycetes. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the strains are members of the family Micromonosporaceae. The two strains contain hydroxydiaminopimelic acid, glycine, alanine and glutamic acid in the peptidoglycan. Fatty acid profiles clearly differentiate the two strains: cyclohexyl C_{17 : 0}, i-C_{16 : 0} and ai-C_{17 : 0} are predominant in Delta1^T, while the major components for Delta3^T are ai-C_{17 : 0} and i-C_{16 : 0}. The two strains also differ in their major menaquinones, MK-9(H₈, H₄, H₆) for Delta1^T and MK-9(H₈, H₆) for Delta3^T, and in phospholipid patterns; Delta1^T displays phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylethanolamine, methyl phosphatidylethanolamine and an unknown aminophospholipid, while Delta3^T also contains minor amounts of several unknown phospholipids in addition to these phospholipids. The whole-cell sugars of both strains are galactose, arabinose and xylose. The G+C content of the DNA is 72.7 mol% for Delta1^T and 71.9 mol% for Delta3^T. On the basis of chemotaxonomic, physiological and phylogenetic data, we propose Rugosimonospora gen. nov. to accommodate the two strains, with the description of Rugosimonospora acidiphila gen. nov., sp. nov. (the type species; type strain Delta1^T =DSM 45227^T =NBRC 104874^T) and Rugosimonospora africana sp. nov. (type strain Delta3^T =DSM 45228^T =NBRC 104875^T).

Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus sp. nov., a psychrotrophic bacterium isolated from Antarctica [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Wang, F., Gai, Y., Chen, M., Xiao, X. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A psychrotrophic Arthrobacter strain, GP3^T, was isolated from Adélie penguin guano from Antarctica and characterized. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the novel strain showed the highest similarity (97.8 %) with that of Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus B7^T. The novel strain showed a morphological change from rod to coccus. The growth temperature range of strain GP3^T was 0–25 °C, with optimal growth at 20 °C. The strain grew over a salinity range of between 0 and 3 % (w/v) NaCl and the optimal pH for growth was pH 6–8. Strain GP3^T contained anteiso-C_{15 : 0} as the major fatty acid. The major menaquinone was MK-9(H₂). The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was of the A3 variant. The DNA G+C content of strain GP3^T was 58.5 mol%. Strain GP3^T was able to hydrolyse chitin, Tween 80, starch, cellulose and lactose, but not gelatin, lecithin or urea. In addition to these physiological characteristics, DNA–DNA hybridization studies clearly differentiated strain GP3^T from A. psychrolactophilus. The combined results of phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic studies indicated that strain GP3^T represents a novel species of the genus Arthrobacter. The name Arthrobacter psychrochitiniphilus sp. nov. (type strain GP3^T=JCM 13874^T=CGMCC 1.6355^T) is proposed in recognition of the strain's strong chitin-utilizing ability.

Actinoplanes sichuanensis sp. nov. and Actinoplanes xinjiangensis sp. nov. [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

Two motile actinomycetes, designated strains 03-723^T and 03-8772^T, which had potent inhibitory activity against Enterococcus faecium peptide deformylase and several clinical Gram-positive, antibiotic-resistant strains, were isolated from two soil samples collected from Sichuan Province and Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region in China, respectively. The taxonomic status of these two organisms was established by using a polyphasic approach. The taxonomic data were consistent with the assignment of the strains to the genus Actinoplanes. The neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the two isolates formed a branch with the type strains of Actinoplanes lobatus, Actinoplanes auranticolor, Actinoplanes capillaceus, Actinoplanes campanulatus and Actinoplanes philippinensis in the clade of Actinoplanes species. This branching pattern was also supported by the tree constructed with the maximum-parsimony method. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains 03-723^T and 03-8772^T and their phylogenetic neighbours ranged from 98.0 to 98.8 % and 97.4 to 98.1 %, respectively. However, the two strains shared low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness with the type strains of closely related Actinoplanes species and were readily distinguished by using a combination of phenotypic properties. Therefore, it is proposed that strains 03-723^T and 03-8772^T represent two novel species of the genus Actinoplanes, for which the names Actinoplanes sichuanensis sp. nov. (type strain 03-723^T=KCTC 19460^T=CCM 7526^T) and Actinoplanes xinjiangensis sp. nov. (type strain 03-8772^T=KCTC 19461^T=CCM 7527^T) are proposed.

Kocuria gwangalliensis sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from seawater [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A novel aerobic, non-motile, Gram-positive, pink–orange-pigmented, coccoid marine bacterium, designated strain SJ2^T, was isolated from the Gwangalli coast of Korea. The taxonomic position of strain SJ2^T was determined based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, fatty acid patterns and physiological reaction profiles. The full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SJ2^T showed highest similarity to those of the type strains of Kocuria carniphila and Kocuria marina. Strain SJ2^T exhibited mean levels of DNA–DNA relatedness of 17 and 35 % to the type strains of K. carniphila and K. marina, respectively. Based on these results, strain SJ2^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Kocuria, for which the name Kocuria gwangalliensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SJ2^T (=KCCM 42914^T =LMG 24672^T).

Flavobacterium tiangeerense sp. nov., a cold-living bacterium isolated from a glacier [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A novel cold-living, Gram-stain-negative, yellow-pigmented and obligately aerobic bacterium designated strain 0563^T was isolated from the China No. 1 glacier. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain 0563^T was a member of the genus Flavobacterium, sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with Flavobacterium limicola JCM 11473^T (98.5 %) and Flavobacterium psychrolimnae NBRC 102679^T (98.2 %). The genomic DNA G+C content was 34.8 mol%. Strain 0563^T displayed the common phenotypic and chemotaxonomic features of the genus Flavobacterium, containing menaquinone-6 (MK-6) as the major quinone and iso-C_{15 : 0}, iso-C_{15 : 0} 3-OH, summed feature 3 (comprising C_{16 : 1}7c and/or C_{16 : 1}6c), C_{15 : 1}6c, iso-C_{15 : 1} G and iso-C_{16 : 0} 3-OH as the major fatty acids. On the basis of phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the novel species Flavobacterium tiangeerense sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is 0563^T (=CGMCC 1.6847^T =JCM 15087^T).

Propionibacterium acidifaciens sp. nov., isolated from the human mouth [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Downes, J., Wade, W. G. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

Three strains of anaerobic, pleomorphic, Gram-positive-staining bacilli, which were isolated from human carious dentine, were subjected to a comprehensive range of phenotypic and genotypic tests and were found to comprise a homogeneous group. The strains were saccharolytic and produced acetic and propionic acids in large amounts, and succinic acid in moderate amounts, as the end products of fermentation. 16S rRNA gene and RpoB protein sequence analyses revealed that the strains constituted a novel group within the genus Propionibacterium, most closely related to Propionibacterium australiense but sharing only 8 % DNA–DNA relatedness with the type strain of that species. Therefore, a novel species, Propionibacterium acidifaciens sp. nov., is proposed to accommodate these strains. The DNA G+C content of the type strain is 70 mol%. The type strain is C3M_31^T (=DSM 21887^T =CCUG 57100^T).

Mycobacterium mantenii sp. nov., a pathogenic, slowly growing, scotochromogenic species [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

Slowly growing, scotochromogenic bacteria of a novel Mycobacterium species were isolated from lymph node samples in two children and pulmonary samples in two elderly patients from different regions in the Netherlands as well as from a surface water sample in Zambia. Its 16S rRNA gene, 16S–23S internal transcribed spacer (ITS), hsp65 and rpoB gene sequences are unique in comparison with other mycobacteria. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that these micro-organisms are most closely related to Mycobacterium scrofulaceum ATCC 19981^T (8 differences; 0.6 % divergence). The hsp65 sequence shows 96 % similarity to that of Mycobacterium saskatchewanense MB54784 and the rpoB sequence shows 95 % similarity to that of Mycobacterium chimaera CIP 107892^T. The 16S–23S ITS sequence places these micro-organisms within the Mycobacterium avium complex, as a novel ITS sequevar. This is not supported by analysis of the 16S rRNA, hsp65 or rpoB gene sequences. Their scotochromogenicity, combined with mostly positive urease, positive semiquantitative catalase and negative tellurite reduction tests, set these isolates apart from related species. The mycolic acid patterns, obtained by HPLC, are similar to that of Mycobacterium scrofulaceum, though the peak heights and distribution present minor differences. We propose the name Mycobacterium mantenii sp. nov. for this novel species. The type strain, isolated from a lymph node biopsy sample, is strain 04-1474^T (=NLA000401474^T =CIP 109863^T =DSM 45255^T).

Sphingomonas hankookensis sp. nov., isolated from wastewater [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Yoon, J.-H., Park, S., Kang, S.-J., Kim, W., Oh, T.-K. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A Gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped bacterial strain, ODN7^T, was isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by use of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain ODN7^T grew optimally at around pH 7.5 and 30 °C and in the presence of 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ODN7^T fell within the cluster comprising species of the genus Sphingomonas, clustering with Sphingomonas panni C52^T, with which it shared highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.9 %). The chemotaxonomic properties of strain ODN7^T were consistent with those of the genus Sphingomonas. The predominant ubiquinone was Q-10, and the major fatty acids were C_{18 : 1}7c, C_{16 : 1}7c and/or iso-C_{15 : 0} 2-OH, and C_{16 : 0}. Major polar lipids were sphingoglycolipid, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content of strain ODN7^T was 67.2 mol%. Strain ODN7^T exhibited levels of DNA–DNA relatedness of 15–32 % to the type strains of phylogenetically related Sphingomonas species and could be differentiated from these species based on differences in phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of the data presented, strain ODN7^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Sphingomonas, for which the name Sphingomonas hankookensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ODN7^T (=KCTC 22579^T=CCUG 57509^T).

Nocardioides caeni sp. nov., isolated from wastewater [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Yoon, J.-H., Kang, S.-J., Park, S., Kim, W., Oh, T.-K. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A Gram-positive, non-motile, rod- or coccoid-shaped bacterial strain, designated MN8^T, was isolated from sludge of domestic wastewater in Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by use of a polyphasic study. Strain MN8^T grew optimally at pH 6.5–7.5 and 30 °C and in the presence of 0–0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MN8^T fell within the cluster comprising Nocardioides species, clustering with Nocardioides simplex KCTC 9106^T, Nocardioides aromaticivorans H-1^T, Nocardioides kongjuensis A2-4^T and Nocardioides nitrophenolicus NSP41^T, with which it shared 98.4–99.0 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain MN8^T were consistent with those of the genus Nocardioides: the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on ll-2,6-diaminopimelic acid, the predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H₄) and the major fatty acids were iso-C_{16 : 0} and C_{18 : 1}9c. The DNA G+C content was 71.5 mol%. Strain MN8^T exhibited levels of DNA–DNA relatedness of 13–31 % to the type strains of phylogenetically related Nocardioides species and could be differentiated from these species based on differences in phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of the data presented, strain MN8^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides caeni sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MN8^T (=KCTC 19600^T=CCUG 57506^T).

Terrabacter terrigena sp. nov., isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Yoon, J.-H., Park, S., Kang, S.-J., Jung, Y.-T., Kim, W. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A Gram-positive-staining, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterium, strain ON10^T, was isolated from soil around a wastewater treatment plant in Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by using a polyphasic approach. Strain ON10^T grew optimally at pH 6.5–7.0 and 30 °C in the presence of 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ON10^T clustered with the clade comprising Terrabacter species, with which it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 98.4–98.8 %. The cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on ll-diaminopimelic acid and the cell-wall sugars were glucose, mannose, arabinose and xylose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H₄). The major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, an unidentified phospholipid and an unidentified lipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C_{15 : 0} and iso-C_{14 : 0}. The DNA G+C content was 71.6 mol%. Strain ON10^T exhibited DNA–DNA relatedness levels of 17–28 % to the type strains of Terrabacter species and could also be differentiated from these species by differences in phenotypic characteristics. On the basis of the data obtained, strain ON10^T was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Terrabacter, for which the name Terrabacter terrigena sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ON10^T (=KCTC 19602^T=CCUG 57508^T).

Mycobacterium marseillense sp. nov., Mycobacterium timonense sp. nov. and Mycobacterium bouchedurhonense sp. nov., members of the Mycobacterium avium complex [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Ben Salah, I., Cayrou, C., Raoult, D., Drancourt, M. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

An rpoB sequence-based evaluation of 100 Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) clinical isolates led to the identification of five respiratory tract isolates that were potential representatives of three novel MAC species. Distinctive phenotypic features of isolates 62863 and 5356591^T included a pseudomycelium morphology and both esterase and acid phosphatase activities. These two isolates exhibited sequence similarities of 99.8 % for the 16S rRNA gene, 86.3 and 86.1 % for 16S–23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer (ITS-1) sequence, 96.7 and 97.8 % for rpoB and 97.6 and 97.4 % for hsp65, respectively, with the type strain of Mycobacterium chimaera, the most closely related species. Isolates 3256799 and 5351974^T lacked -mannosidase and β-glucosidase activities. They exhibited sequence similarities of 99.6 % for the 16S rRNA gene, 90.1 and 90.4 % for ITS-1, 97.8 % for rpoB and 98.0 and 98.1 % for hsp65, respectively, with the type strain of M. chimaera, the most closely related species. Isolate 4355387^T lacked urease and -glucosidase activities, but it exhibited valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase and acid phosphatase activities. It had sequence similarities of 99.3 % for the 16S rRNA gene, 51.8 % for ITS-1, 97.1 % for rpoB and 97.8 % for hsp65 with the type strain of Mycobacterium colombiense, the most closely related species. A phylogenetic tree based on concatenated 16S rRNA gene, ITS-1, rpoB and hsp65 sequences showed the uniqueness of these five isolates as representatives of three novel species, with bootstrap values ≥95 % in all nodes. On the basis of these phenotypic and genetic characteristics, these five isolates are proposed as representatives of three novel MAC species: Mycobacterium marseillense sp. nov., with strain 5356591^T (=CCUG 56325^T =CIP 109828^T =CSUR P30^T) as the type strain; Mycobacterium timonense sp. nov., with strain 5351974^T (=CCUG 56329^T =CIP 109830^T =CSUR P32^T) as the type strain; and Mycobacterium bouchedurhonense sp. nov., with strain 4355387^T (=CCUG 56331^T =CIP 109827^T =CSUR P34^T) as the type strain.

Serinibacter salmoneus gen. nov., sp. nov., an actinobacterium isolated from the intestinal tract of a fish, and emended descriptions of the families Beutenbergiaceae and Bogoriellaceae [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Hamada, M., Iino, T., Tamura, T., Iwami, T., Harayama, S., Suzuki, K.-i. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A novel Gram-positive bacterium, designated Kis4-28^T, was isolated from the intestinal tract of a fish, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic approach. The sample was collected from the coast of Tokyo Bay, Japan. Cells of strain Kis4-28^T were rod-shaped, non-motile and non-sporulating. The peptidoglycan type of the isolate was A4; lysine was the diagnostic diamino acid. The only menaquinone detected was MK-8(H₄), and the major fatty acids were anteiso-C_{15 : 0} and C_{16 : 0}. Galactose was detected as a major cell-wall sugar. The polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content was 70.7 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain Kis4-28^T and the type strain of Salana multivorans formed a monophyletic cluster with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 96.2 %. Strain Kis4-28^T was clearly distinguishable from the genus Salana in terms of its chemotaxonomic characteristics. On the basis of the genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, a new genus and species is proposed for strain Kis4-28^T, with the name Serinibacter salmoneus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Serinibacter salmoneus is Kis4-28^T (=NBRC 104924^T =DSM 21801^T). In addition, on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of the genus Serinibacter and related genera, emended descriptions of the families Beutenbergiaceae and Bogoriellaceae are proposed to accommodate the genera Beutenbergia, Salana and Serinibacter, and the genera Bogoriella and Georgenia, respectively.

Acidiplasma aeolicum gen. nov., sp. nov., a euryarchaeon of the family Ferroplasmaceae isolated from a hydrothermal pool, and transfer of Ferroplasma cupricumulans to Acidiplasma cupricumulans comb. nov. [NEW TAXA: Archaea]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A novel acidophilic, cell-wall-less archaeon, strain V^T, was isolated from a hydrothermal pool on Vulcano Island, Italy. The morphology of cells was observed to vary from pleomorphic to coccoid. The temperature range for growth of strain V^T was 15–65 °C with an optimum at 45 °C. The pH for growth ranged from pH 0 to 4 with an optimal at pH 1.4–1.6. Strain V^T was able to grow aerobically and anaerobically, oxidizing ferrous iron and reducing ferric iron, respectively. The isolate grew chemo-organotrophically with yeast extract and yeast extract with glucose as the sources of energy and carbon. The molar G+C content in the DNA was 36 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that strain V^T was a member of the family Ferroplasmaceae, order Thermoplasmatales, phylum Euryarchaeota, showing sequence identities of 100 % with Ferroplasma cupricumulans BH2^T, 95.4 % with Ferroplasma acidiphilum Y^T, 94 % with Picrophilus torridus DSM 9790^T and 92 % with Picrophilus oshimae DSM 9789^T. 16S rRNA gene sequence-based phylogenetic analysis showed that strain V^T formed a monophyletic cluster together with F. cupricumulans BH2^T and all other thermophilic isolates with available 16S rRNA gene sequences, whereas F. acidiphilum Y^T formed another cluster with mesophilic isolates within the family Ferroplasmaceae. DNA–DNA hybridization values between strain V^T and F. cupricumulans BH2^T were well below 70 %, indicating that the two strains belong to separate species. Principal membrane lipids of strain V^T were dibiphytanyl-based tetraether lipids containing pentacyclic rings. The polar lipids were dominated by a single phosphoglycolipid derivative based on a galactosyl dibiphytanyl phosphoglycerol tetraether, together with smaller amounts of monoglycosyl and diglycosyl dibiphytanyl ether lipids and the corresponding phosphoglycerol derivatives. The major respiratory quinones present were naphthoquinone derivatives. Given the notable physiological and chemical differences as well as the distinct phylogenetic placement of the new isolate relative to the type species of the genus Ferroplasma, we propose strain V^T as a member of a new genus and species, Acidiplasma aeolicum gen. nov.,

sp. nov. The type strain of Acidiplasma aeolicum is strain V^T (=DSM 18409^T =JCM 14615^T). In addition, we propose to transfer Ferroplasma cupricumulans Hawkes et al. 2008 to the genus Acidiplasma as Acidiplasma cupricumulans comb. nov. (type strain BH2^T =DSM 16551^T =JCM 13668^T).

Maritimimonas rapanae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from gut microflora of the veined rapa whelk, Rapana venosa [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Park, S. C., Baik, K. S., Kim, D., Seong, C. N. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A yellow-pigmented, Gram-negative, aerobic bacterial strain comprising rod-shaped cells devoid of flagellar and gliding motility, designated strain A31^T, was isolated from a veined rapa whelk (Rapana venosa) collected from the South Sea, Republic of Korea. Results from 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the isolate belonged to the family Flavobacteriaceae; the highest level of nucleotide sequence similarity (92.6 %) was observed with Tenacibaculum aestuarii KCTC 12569^T. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_{15 : 1} G (24.2 %), iso-C_{15 : 0} (20.1 %) and iso-C_{17 : 0} 3-OH (11.2 %). Flexirubin-type pigments were absent. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The DNA G+C content was 31.7 mol%. Data from a polyphasic taxonomic study suggested that the isolate represents a novel species in a new genus of the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Maritimimonas rapanae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Maritimimonas rapanae is A31^T (=KCTC 22186^T =JCM 15075^T).

Chitinophaga rupis sp. nov., isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Lee, D. W., Lee, J.-E., Lee, S. D. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, deep yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain CS5-B1^T, was isolated from a soil sample collected from a cliff on Mara Island, south-west of Jeju, Republic of Korea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CS5-B1^T fell within the radiation of the genus Chitinophaga with the closest relative being Chitinophaga japonensis IFO 16041^T (97.2 % sequence similarity). Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain CS5-B1^T and other species of the genus Chitinophaga were 92.9–95.8 %. The dominant menaquinone was MK-7. The polar lipids contained phosphatidylethanolamine, a ninhydrin-positive lipid and an unknown lipid. The major fatty acids were iso-C_{15 : 0}, C_{16 : 1}5c, C_{16 : 0} and C_{18 : 0}, with iso-C_{15 : 0} 3-OH and iso-C_{17 : 0} 3-OH as the dominant hydroxy fatty acids. The G+C content of the DNA was 48.7 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain CS5-B1^T and C. japonensis DSM 13484^T was 5.8–7.9 %. On the basis of the phenotypic and DNA–DNA hybridization data, this bacterium represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga rupis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CS5-B1^T (=KCTC 22170^T=DSM 21039^T).

Marinomonas arenicola sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Romanenko, L. A., Tanaka, N., Frolova, G. M. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A Marinomonas-like bacterium, strain KMM 3893^T, was isolated from a marine sandy sediment collected close to shore from the Sea of Japan and subjected to a phenotypic and phylogenetic study. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis confirmed the novel strain's assignment to the genus Marinomonas. Strain KMM 3893^T constituted a separate phyletic line in the genus Marinomonas, sharing <97 % sequence similarity with respect to other recognized Marinomonas species. Chemotaxonomically, strain KMM 3893^T contained the predominant fatty acids C_{18 : 1}7c, C_{16 : 1}7c and C_{16 : 0} and had a DNA G+C content of 50.0 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic analysis and physiological and biochemical characterization, strain KMM 3893^T represents a novel species of the genus Marinomonas, for which the name Marinomonas arenicola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 3893^T (=NRIC 0752^T =JCM 15737^T).

Salimicrobium flavidum sp. nov., isolated from a marine solar saltern [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Yoon, J.-H., Kang, S.-J., Oh, K.-H., Oh, T.-K. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:08 PST

A Gram-variable-staining, motile and coccoid-, ovoid- or rod-shaped bacterium, strain ISL-25^T, was isolated from a marine solar saltern of the Yellow Sea, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by means of a polyphasic study. Strain ISL-25^T grew optimally at pH 7.0–8.0 and 30–37 °C. Strain ISL-25^T contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the cell-wall peptidoglycan, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C_{15 : 0}, anteiso-C_{17 : 0} and iso-C_{16 : 0} as the major fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 49.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain ISL-25^T belongs to the genus Salimicrobium. The similarity values between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain ISL-25^T and those of the type strains of the three currently recognized Salimicrobium species were 97.6–98.3 %. Mean DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain ISL-25^T and the type strains of the genus Salimicrobium were 9–15 %. Differential phenotypic properties of strain ISL-25^T, together with the phylogenetic and genetic distinctiveness, revealed that this strain could be differentiated from other Salimicrobium species. Therefore, strain ISL-25^T represents a novel species within the genus Salimicrobium, for which the name Salimicrobium flavidum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is ISL-25^T (=KCTC 13260^T=CCUG 56755^T).

Parabacteroides gordonii sp. nov., isolated from human blood cultures [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

Three bacterial strains that had been isolated from human blood cultures, MS-1^T, MS-2 and MS-3, were characterized for their phenotypic and biochemical features, cellular fatty acid profiles, menaquinone profiles and phylogenetic positions based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolates were members of the genus Parabacteroides. These isolates were most closely related to Parabacteroides goldsteinii JCM 13446^T, with 95.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. The levels of sequence similarity among the three strains were 99.7–100 %. The isolates were obligately anaerobic, non-pigmented, non-spore-forming, non-motile, Gram-negative and rod-shaped. The strains grew on media containing 20 % bile. These strains could be differentiated from P. goldsteinii by their ability to ferment l-arabinose and inabilities to ferment cellobiose, l-rhamnose and trehalose or to hydrolyse aesculin. The major menaquinone of the isolates was MK-10. Based on these data, we propose a novel Parabacteroides species, Parabacteroides gordonii sp. nov. The type strain is MS-1^T (=JCM 15724^T =CCUG 57478^T).

Sporolituus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a citrate-fermenting thermophilic anaerobic bacterium from geothermal waters of the Great Artesian Basin of Australia [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Ogg, C. D., Patel, B. K. C. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

A strictly anaerobic, sluggishly motile, spore-forming, thermophilic bacterium, designated strain AeG^T, was isolated from microbial mats colonizing a runoff channel formed by free-flowing thermal waters of a bore well (New Lorne Bore; registered number 17263) in the Great Artesian Basin, Australia. Cells of strain AeG^T were curved rods (2.0–10.0x0.8–1.0 µm) and stained Gram-negative. The strain grew optimally in tryptone-yeast extract-citrate medium at 55 °C (range for growth between 45 and 60 °C) and pH 7.0 (range for growth between pH 6.5 and 8.0). Citrate and malate, but no other organic acids, carbohydrates or amino acids could be used in the presence of up to 0.1 % yeast extract. Although yeast extract and/or tryptone were required for growth on citrate, they did not support growth as sole carbon sources. Strain AeG^T reduced thiosulfate and sulfite in the presence of 0.2 % yeast extract, but not Fe(III), Mn(IV), sulfate, elemental sulfur, nitrate or nitrite. Growth was inhibited by chloramphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, penicillin and ampicillin and in the presence of NaCl concentrations >1 %. The DNA G+C content was 55.4±1.0 mol% as determined by the thermal denaturation method. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain AeG^T was a member of the family Veillonellaceae, class ‘Clostridia’, phylum ‘Firmicutes’ and was most closely related to members of the genus Propionispora (mean 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity value to type strains was 90.8 %). Based on these results, strain AeG^T is considered to represent a novel species in a new genus, for which the name Sporolituus thermophilus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of the type species is AeG^T (=JCM 15556^T=KCTC 5668^T).

Niabella yanshanensis sp. nov., isolated from the soybean rhizosphere [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

An orange-coloured bacterium, CCBAU 05354^T, was isolated from the soybean rhizosphere following growth on NA medium. The sample was taken from a field in Hebei province, People's Republic of China. The cells were aerobic, Gram-stain-negative, short rods (0.4–0.6x0.7–1.7 µm) and non-motile. Growth occurred at 28 °C (not at 10 or 37 °C), pH 6.0–10.0, and in the presence of 0–1 % NaCl (w/v). Flexirubin pigment was produced and the cells were resistant to some antibiotics. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain CCBAU 05354^T was closely related to Niabella soli KACC 12604^T (95.1 % sequence similarity). The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_{15 : 0}, iso-C_{15 : 1} G, iso-C_{17 : 0} 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C_{16 : 1}7c and/or C_{16 : 1}6c). The DNA G+C content was 42 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data, strain CCBAU 05354^T represents a novel species of the genus Niabella, for which the name Niabella yanshanensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CCBAU 05354^T (=LMG 24661^T =HAMBI 3031^T).

Streptomyces marokkonensis sp. nov., isolated from rhizosphere soil of Argania spinosa L. [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

The novel actinomycete strain Ap1^T was isolated from rhizosphere soil of the argan tree (Argania spinosa L.) in the south of Morocco. Strain Ap1^T has been reported as a novel producer of the pentaene polyene macrolide isochainin, which strongly inhibits the growth of pathogenic yeasts and phytopathogenic fungi. Strain Ap1^T shows a greyish-white aerial mycelium with chains of smooth-surfaced spores of the Spiralis type and a cell wall containing ll-diaminopimelic acid. Based on chemotaxonomy and morphological features, strain Ap1^T was identified as a member of the genus Streptomyces. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities based on almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain Ap1^T is closely associated with members of the Streptomyces violaceoruber species group (S. violaceoruber, S. coelescens, S. violaceorubidus, ‘S. caesius’, ‘S. lividans’, S. violaceolatus and S. humiferus) and others (Streptomyces aurantiogriseus, S. lienomycini, S. chattanoogensis, S. rubrogriseus and S. tendae). However, protein profiling, DNA–DNA hybridization and BOX-PCR fingerprinting proved a relationship above the species level. In addition, the phenotype also allowed for the differentiation of strain Ap1^T from its closest neighbours. As a result of this polyphasic approach, we conclude that strain Ap1^T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces marokkonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Ap1^T (=R-22003^T =LMG 23016^T =DSM 41918^T).

'Candidatus Planktophila limnetica', an actinobacterium representing one of the most numerically important taxa in freshwater bacterioplankton [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Jezbera, J., Sharma, A. K., Brandt, U., Doolittle, W. F., Hahn, M. W. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

Actinobacteria often constitute a large fraction of the bacterioplankton in freshwater systems. Cultivation-independent methods have revealed that the so-called acI lineage frequently represents the most numerous taxon among assemblages of freshwater Actinobacteria and even among total freshwater bacterioplankton. Bacteria affiliated with this uncultivated lineage have been detected in freshwater habitats located in various continents and climatic zones but have never been found among terrestrial or offshore marine systems. So far, this ecologically important lineage of freshwater Actinobacteria is not represented by a recognized taxon. In this study, we established a stable mixed culture containing a strain affiliated with the acI lineage from a freshwater lake in Austria. The proportion of the strain in the culture could be increased by manipulation of the medium composition by more than one order of magnitude, however all subsequent attempts to isolate this strain into pure culture were unsuccessful. Some of the phenotypic traits of this acI strain were determined and its taxonomic position within the Actinobacteria was analysed. Phylogenetic analysis of this organism's 16S rRNA gene revealed a distant relationship with cultivated organisms and recognized species (89 % gene sequence similarity with the latter). Furthermore, this analysis did not support a clear assignment of the strain to any of the recognized families within the phylum Actinobacteria. It is suggested that a candidate taxon, ‘Candidatus Planktophila limnetica’ is established to represent this strain.

Streptomyces xinghaiensis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

A novel actinomycete, strain S187^T, was isolated from a marine sediment sample collected from Xinghai Bay, Dalian, China. Growth occurred on ISP medium 2 containing 0–9 % NaCl and at pH 6.0–9.0 and 10–45 °C. The cell wall of strain S187^T contained the isomer ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. The predominant menaquinones were MK-9(H₆) (40.8 %), MK-9(H₈) (38.2 %) and MK-9(H₂) (8.8 %). The major fatty acids were iso-C_{16 : 0} (29.6 %), anteiso-C_{15 : 0} (14.0 %) and anteiso-C_{17 : 0} (11.6 %). Cells contained phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and one unknown phospholipid. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 72.01 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of the isolate had similarities of 98.1 and 97.5 % with those of Streptomyces flavofuscus NRRL B-8036^T (=DSM 41426^T) and Streptomyces albiaxialis DSM 41799^T, respectively, showing that the novel strain should be assigned to the genus Streptomyces. DNA–DNA hybridizations with the two above-mentioned Streptomyces species showed 31.4 and 46.9 % relatedness, respectively. Moreover, the three strains differed in some physiological and biochemical properties. Thus, on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic analyses, it is proposed that strain S187^T represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces xinghaiensis sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is S187^T (=NRRL B-24674^T=CCTCC AA 208049^T=KCTC 19546^T).

Marinococcus luteus sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from a salt lake, and emended description of the genus Marinococcus [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

A Gram-positive, aerobic, motile, coccoid, orange-pigmented bacterium, designated strain YIM 91094^T, was isolated from a salt lake sample collected from Barkol Lake in Xinjiang Province, north-west China. The strain was able to grow at pH 6.0–8.0 (optimal growth at pH 7.0), at 10–37 °C (optimal growth at 28 °C) and in the presence of 0–25 % (w/v) NaCl [optimal growth in the presence of 10–15 % (w/v) NaCl]. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM 91094^T was affiliated with the genus Marinococcus and exhibited levels of sequence similarity of 99.2 % to Marinococcus halotolerans YIM 70157^T and 99.7 % to Marinococcus halophilus DSM 20408^T. However, it showed moderately low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness with the above type strains (56.0 and 57.5 %, respectively). The peptidoglycan type of strain YIM 91094^T was A1, with meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C_{15 : 0} (49.9 % of the total) and anteiso-C_{17 : 0} (29.6 %) were the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 48.7 mol%. Strain YIM 91094^T possessed chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with its classification in the genus Marinococcus. On the basis of the data presented, strain YIM 91094^T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marinococcus, for which the name Marinococcus luteus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM 91094^T (=KCTC 13214^T=CCTCC AA 208014^T). An emended description of the genus Marinococcus is provided.

Geoglobus acetivorans sp. nov., an iron(III)-reducing archaeon from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent [NEW TAXA: Archaea]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

A hyperthermophilic, anaerobic, dissimilatory Fe(III)-reducing, facultatively chemolithoautotrophic archaeon (strain SBH6^T) was isolated from a hydrothermal sample collected from the deepest of the known World Ocean hydrothermal fields, Ashadze field (1 ° 58' 21'' N 4 ° 51' 47'' W) on the Mid-Atlantic Ridge, at a depth of 4100 m. The strain was enriched using acetate as the electron donor and Fe(III) oxide as the electron acceptor. Cells of strain SBH6^T were irregular cocci, 0.3–0.5 µm in diameter. The temperature range for growth was 50–85 °C, with an optimum at 81 °C. The pH range for growth was 5.0–7.5, with an optimum at pH 6.8. Growth of SBH6^T was observed at NaCl concentrations ranging from 1 to 6 % (w/v) with an optimum at 2.5 % (w/v). The isolate utilized acetate, formate, pyruvate, fumarate, malate, propionate, butyrate, succinate, glycerol, stearate, palmitate, peptone and yeast extract as electron donors for Fe(III) reduction. It was also capable of growth with H₂ as the sole electron donor, CO₂ as a carbon source and Fe(III) as an electron acceptor without the need for organic substances. Fe(III) [in the form of poorly crystalline Fe(III) oxide or Fe(III) citrate] was the only electron acceptor that supported growth. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the closest relative of the isolated organism was Geoglobus ahangari 234^T (97.0 %). On the basis of its physiological properties and phylogenetic analyses, the isolate is considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Geoglobus acetivorans sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SBH6^T (=DSM 21716^T =VKM B-2522^T).

Luteibacter anthropi sp. nov., isolated from human blood, and reclassification of Dyella yeojuensis Kim et al. 2006 as Luteibacter yeojuensis comb. nov. [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Kampfer, P., Lodders, N., Falsen, E. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

A yellow-pigmented bacterium was isolated from blood of a 3-year-old boy in Göteborg, Sweden. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this bacterium is most closely related to Luteibacter rhizovicinus LJ96^T and Dyella yeojuensis R2A16-10^T, with sequence similarity of 98.3 % to both. Strain CCUG 25036^T is clearly different from L. rhizovicinus CCUG 50033^T and also from D. yeojuensis DSM 17673^T in that DNA–DNA hybridization revealed relatedness of 33.7 and 29.8 %, respectively. Strain CCUG 25036^T is further distinguished from L. rhizovicinus CCUG 50033^T and D. yeojuensis DSM 17673^T by being able to use d-mannose, d-mannitol and gluconate as sole carbon sources and by lacking the ability to use maltose or sucrose as sole carbon sources. The name Luteibacter anthropi sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species, with the type strain CCUG 25036^T (=CCM 7598^T). The proposal is also made to reclassify Dyella yeojuensis as Luteibacter yeojuensis comb. nov., with the type strain R2A16-10^T (=DSM 17673^T =KACC 11405^T).

Halomonas zhanjiangensis sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a sea urchin [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

A novel Gram-negative, slightly halophilic, catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, obligately aerobic, non-sporulating rod-shaped bacterium, designated strain JSM 078169^T, was isolated from a sea urchin (Hemicentrotus pulcherrimus) collected from the South China Sea. Growth occurred with 1–20 % (w/v) total salts (optimum, 3–5 %), at pH 6.0–10.5 (optimum, pH 7.5) and at 4–40 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C). The major cellular fatty acids were C_{18 : 1}7c, C_{16 : 0} and C_{12 : 0} 3-OH. The predominant respiratory quinone was Q-9 and the genomic DNA G+C content was 55.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain JSM 078169^T should be assigned to the genus Halomonas. The sequence similarities between the isolate and the type strains of members of the genus Halomonas were in the range 92.4–97.0 %. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, DNA–DNA relatedness, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data supported the view that strain JSM 078169^T represents a novel species of the genus Halomonas, for which the name Halomonas zhanjiangensis sp. nov. is proposed, with JSM 078169^T (=CCTCC AB 208031^T=DSM 21076^T=KCTC 22279^T) as the type strain.

Caldisericum exile gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic, filamentous bacterium of a novel bacterial phylum, Caldiserica phyl. nov., originally called the candidate phylum OP5, and description of Caldisericaceae fam. nov., Caldisericales ord. nov. and Caldisericia classis nov. [NEW TAXA: Other Bacteria]

Mori, K., Yamaguchi, K., Sakiyama, Y., Urabe, T., Suzuki, K.-i. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

An anaerobic, thermophilic, thiosulfate-reducing bacterium, strain AZM16c01^T, isolated from a hot spring in Japan [Mori, K., Sunamura, M., Yanagawa, K., Ishibashi, J., Miyoshi, Y., Iino, T., Suzuki, K. & Urabe, T. (2008). Appl Environ Microbiol 74, 6223–6229] was characterized in detail. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis had revealed that strain AZM16c01^T was the first cultivated representative of the candidate phylum OP5. The cells were multicellular filaments with a single polar flagellum. The strain contained iso-C_{17 : 0} as the major fatty acid and menaquinone-8(H₆), menaquinone-8(H₈) and menaquinone-8(H₁₀) as the respiratory quinones. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain AZM16c01^T was 34.6 mol%. Optimum growth was obtained at 65 °C, pH 6.5 and in the absence of NaCl, with a doubling time of 10.6 h. On the basis of the results of phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence and the characterization of the strain in this study, we propose the name Caldisericum exile gen. nov., sp. nov. for strain AZM16c01^T (=NBRC 104410^T=DSM 21853^T). In addition, we propose the new phylum name Caldiserica phyl. nov. for the candidate phylum OP5 represented by C. exile gen. nov., sp. nov., and Caldisericaceae fam. nov., Caldisericales ord. nov. and Caldisericia classis nov.

Streptomyces atriruber sp. nov. and Streptomyces silaceus sp. nov., two novel species of equine origin [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

Two actinomycete strains, NRRL B-24165^T and NRRL B-24166^T, isolated from lesions on equine placentas in Kentucky, USA, were analysed using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, morphological observations and the presence of ll-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in whole-cell hydrolysates, the new isolates clearly belonged to the genus Streptomyces. Analyses of the phylogenetic positions of strains NRRL B-24165^T and NRRL B-24166^T based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of all recognized species of the genus Streptomyces, as well as evaluation of morphological and physiological characteristics, demonstrated that the new isolates could be differentiated from all recognized species and therefore represented novel species. It is proposed that the new strains represent two novel species for which the names Streptomyces atriruber sp. nov. (type strain NRRL B-24165^T=DSM 41860^T=LDDC 6330-99^T) and Streptomyces silaceus sp. nov. (NRRL B-24166^T=DSM 41861^T=LDDC 6638-99^T) are proposed. The species names are based on the distinctive colours of the substrate mycelium of these strains, dark red and deep orange–yellow, respectively.

Methylophilus rhizosphaerae sp. nov., a restricted facultative methylotroph isolated from rice rhizosphere soil [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Madhaiyan, M., Poonguzhali, S., Kwon, S.-W., Sa, T.-M. — Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

Three facultative methylotrophic bacterial strains, designated CBMB127^T, CBMB145 and CBMB147, were isolated from the rhizosphere soil of rice and characterized. The strains produced indole-3-acetic acid and siderophores, had 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate deaminase activity and sulfur oxidation property and also methanol dehydrogenase. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA and methanol dehydrogenase (mxaF) gene sequences showed that Methylophilus methylotrophus was their close relative. The results of the phenotypic, phylogenetic and genotypic analyses showed that strains CBMB127^T and CBMB145, with 99.4 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 99 % DNA–DNA hybridization, could be distinguished from recognized species of Methylophilus. Therefore strain CBMB127^T and CBMB145 are considered to represent a novel species of Methylophilus, for which the name Methylophilus rhizosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed, with CBMB127^T (=KACC 13099^T=NCCB 100233^T) as the type strain. Strain CBMB147 represents a novel strain of the species Methylophilus methylotrophus.

Algoriphagus olei sp. nov., isolated from oil-contaminated soil [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

A motile, Gram-negative, pinkish red-pigmented bacterium (strain CC-Hsuan-617^T) was isolated from an oil-contaminated soil near an oil refinery located in Kaohsiung County, Taiwan. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain CC-Hsuan-617^T clustered with Algoriphagus mannitolivorans (97.5 % sequence similarity), Algoriphagus aquatilis (98.0 %) and Algoriphagus boritolerans (97.5 %), followed by Algoriphagus ornithinivorans (97.1 %) and Algoriphagus alkaliphilus (97.1 %). The fatty acid profile of the novel strain was slightly different from those reported for recognized Algoriphagus species. The quinone system contained menaquinone MK-7 as the predominant component. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, an unknown polar lipid, an unknown phospholipid and an unknown aminophospholipid. The main cell polyamine was sym-homospermidine; lesser amounts of spermine and spermidine were also found. The results of DNA–DNA hybridization, and physiological and biochemical tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CC-Hsuan-617^T from recognized Algoriphagus species. Strain CC-Hsuan-617^T is thus considered to represent a novel species of the genus Algoriphagus, for which the name Algoriphagus olei sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-Hsuan-617^T (=BCRC 17886^T=CCUG 57471^T).

Proposal of Spirillum winogradskyi sp. nov., a novel microaerophilic species, an emended description of the genus Spirillum and Request for an Opinion regarding the status of the species Spirillum volutans Ehrenberg 1832 [INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Request for an Opinion]

Mon, 02 Nov 2009 11:46:09 PST

A novel obligately organotrophic, facultatively microaerophilic spirillum, designated strain D-427^T, was isolated from sulfidic sludge of a municipal wastewater-treatment plant. Cells were Gram-negative, large and highly motile due to bipolar tufts of flagella covered with mucous sheaths. Coccoid cells were sometimes formed. Strain D-427^T grew optimally at pH 7.5–7.8 and 28 °C in the presence of 2 % O₂ in the gas phase. The organism showed oxidase and very low catalase activity. The isolate grew chemo-organotrophically with a limited number of organic acids as substrates. The DNA G+C content was 38.0 mol% (T_m). Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain D-427^T in the genus Spirillum within the class Betaproteobacteria. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain D-427^T and Spirillum volutans ATCC 19554^T, the type strain of the single species of the genus, was 98.6 %. The low level of DNA–DNA hybridization and different phenotypic properties indicate that strain D-427^T is clearly distinguishable from Spirillum volutans. No strain of S. volutans is available from any established culture collection or from the authors who described this species. Therefore, on the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data and the fact that the type and single species of the genus Spirillum cannot be included in any scientific study, since the type strain has been lost, we propose to assign strain D-427^T as a novel species of the genus Spirillum, Spirillum winogradskyi sp. nov. (type strain D-427^T =DSM 12756^T =VKM B-2518^T), and we request that the Judicial Commission place the name Spirillum volutans on the list of rejected names if a suitable type strain is not found or a neotype is not proposed within 2 years following the publication of this paper. An emended description of the genus Spirillum is also provided.