IJSEM Publish Ahead of Print

Pusillimonas soli sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from farm soil [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Lee, M., Woo, S.-G., Chae, M., Ten, L. N. — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:17 PST

A Gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming bacterial strain, designated MJ07T, was isolated from a farm soil and was characterized to determine its taxonomic position by using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MJ07T belongs to the family Alcaligenaceae, class Betaproteobacteria, and is related most closely to Pusillimonas ginsengisoli KCTC 22046T (98.6 % sequence similarity) and Pusillimonas noertemannii BN9T (96.9 % sequence similarity). The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain MJ07T and all other recognized species of the family Alcaligenaceae were below 95.2 %. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain MJ07T was 59.4 mol%. The detection of a quinone system with ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory lipoquinone, putrescine as the predominant polyamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and two unknown aminolipids as major polar lipids and fatty acid profile with C16:0 (32.0 %), C17:0 cyclo (24.7 %), and C19:0 cyclo w8c (11.5 %) as the major components supported the affiliation of strain MJ07T to the genus Pusillimonas. Strain MJ07T exhibited relatively low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness values with respect to P. ginsengisoli KCTC 22046T (50±8 %) and Pusillimonas noertemannii KACC 13183T (18±7 %). On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain MJ07T (=KCTC 22455T=JCM 16386T) should be classified in the genus Pusillimonas as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Pusillimonas soli sp. nov. is proposed.

Nitritalea halalkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel alkaliphilic bacterium of the family 'Cyclobacteriaceae', phylum 'Bacteroidetes' [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Anil Kumar, P., Srinivas, T. N. R., Pavan Kumar, P., Madhu, S., Shivaji, S. — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:17 PST

A novel Gram-negative, rod shaped, non-motile bacterium, designated strain LW7T, was isolated from a water sample collected at a depth of 4.5 m from Lonar Lake of Buldhana district, Maharastra, India. The cell suspension was dark reddish-orange due to the presence of carotenoids. The fatty acids were dominated by a high abundance of C15:0 (57 %) and iso C16:1 11c (21.7 %). Strain LW7T contained MK-4 and MK-5 as the major respiratory quinones and phosphatidylglycerol and phosphotidylethanolamine as the major phospholipids. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated Belilella baltica, a member of family 'Cyclobacteriaceae' (phylum 'Bacteroidetes') is the closest related species with a sequence similarity of 94.0%. Other members of the family 'Cyclobacteriaceae' had sequence similarities of <93.3%. Based on the above mentioned phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, strain LW7T is proposed as the representative of a novel genus and a new species, Nitritalea halalkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov. The genomic G + C content of DNA of the strain LW7T is 49 mol%. The type strain of Nitritalea halalkaliphila gen. nov., sp. nov., is LW7T (=CCUG 57665T= JCM 15946T= NCCB 100279T).

Chryseobacterium culicis sp. nov., isolated from the midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus Say, a mosquito from India [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Kampfer, P., Chandel, K., Prasad, G. P. K. S., Shouche, Y. S., Veer, V. — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:22 PST

A yellow pigmented bacterial strain (R4-1AT), isolated from the midgut of Culex quinquefasciatus mosquito (vector of lymphatic filariasis) was studied in a polyphasic approach. Cells of the isolate were rod shaped and stained Gram-negative. A comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of this organism with the sequences of the type strains of most closely related species clearly showed the allocation to the genus Chryseobacterium, with the highest sequence similarities (all 97.9%) to Chryseobacterium jejuense KACC 12501T, Chryseobacterium indologenes CCUG 14556T, Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-7T and Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense KCTC 12894T. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other Chryseobacterium species were below 97.5%. The fatty acid profile of strain R4-1AT consisted of the major fatty acids 15:0 iso, 15:0 iso 2-OH/ 16:1 7c, 17:1 iso 9c, and 17:0 iso 3-OH. DNA-DNA hybridizations with Chryseobacterium jejuense KACC 12501T, Chryseobacterium indologenes CCUG 14556T, Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae CC-VM-7T and Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense KCTC 12894T resulted in similarities of 38.3% (reciprocal 30.5%) to C. jejuense, 29.4% (reciprocal 32.1%) to C. indologenes, 23.2% (reciprocal 37.2%) to C. aquifrigidense and 29.5% (reciprocal 47.1%) to C. arthosphaeraee. These DNA-DNA hybridization results and the differentiating biochemical and chemotaxonomic properties showed, that strain R4-1AT represents a novel species, for which the name Chryseobacterium culicis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R4-1AT (LMG 25442T, CCM 7716T).

Sphingopyxis panaciterrulae sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:18 PST

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile bacterium was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Daejeon, South Korea and characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY34T belongs to the family Sphingomonadaceae, and the highest degree of sequence similarity was found with Sphingopyxis witflariensis DSM 14551T (97.1%), Sphingopyxis ginsengisoli Gsoil 250T (97.0%), Sphingopyxis chilensis LMG 20986T (96.9%), Sphingopyxis macrogoltabida IFO 15033T (96.8%) Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256T (96.7%) and Sphingopyxis taejonensis JSS54T (96.7%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that the strain DCY34T possesses ubiquinone Q-10 as their predominant respiratory lipoquinone which is common in the genus Sphingopyxis, the predominant fatty acids are 18:1 7c (27.5%), summed feature 4 (16:1 7c/15:0 iso 2OH) (18.6%), 16:0 (15.6%) and summed feature 8 (19:1 6c/unknown 18.864) (15.4%). The major polar lipids are phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylgycerol, phosphatidylcholine, sphingoglycolipid and an unknown polar lipid. The results of physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strain DCY34T represents a distinct species and supported its affiliation to the genus Sphingopyxis. Based on these data, DCY34T (= KCTC 22112T = JCM 14844T) should be classified as the type strain for a novel species, for which the name Sphingopyxis panaciterrulae sp. nov. is proposed.

Bacillus siamensis sp. nov., from fermented crab (poo-khem) in Thailand [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:20 PST

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming rod-shaped bacterium strain PD-A10T isolated from fermented crab (poo-khem) in Thailand was subjected to taxonomic study. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics including the phylogenetic analyses showed that this strain was a member of the genus Bacillus. This strain grew in the medium with NaCl 0-15%, at 4-55 °C and at pH 4.5-9. Menaquinone with seven isoprene units ( MK-7) was the predominant quinone. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. Polar lipid analysis revealed the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, lysylphosphatidylglycerol, glycolipid, and unknown lipids. The DNA G+C content was 41.4 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain PD-A10T and B. amyloliquefaciens DSM 7T, B. subtilis DSM 10T, B. vallismortis DSM 11031T and B. mojavensis IFO 15718T were 99.5, 99.4, 99.4 and 99.2%, respectively. Strain PD-A10T showed a low degree similarity of Rep-PCR fingerprinting and low DNA-DNA relatedness with the above-mentioned species. On the basis of the polyphasic evidences gathered in this study, it should be classified as a novel species of the genus Bacillus for which the name Bacillus siamensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is PD-A10T (=BCC 22614T =KCTC 13613T).

Sphingobacterium shayense sp. nov., isolated from soil of a natural Populus euphractica forest [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:23 PST

A Gram-staining-negative, yellow coloured, strictly aerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium, designated HS39T, isolated from a soil sample collected from the largest natural Populus euphratica forest in Xinjiang, China, was characterized using a polyphasic approach. The isolate grew optimally at 30-37 °C, at pH 6.5-8.0 and with 0-3% NaCl. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain HS39T revealed that it is a member of the genus Sphingobacterium. Sphingobacterium mizutaii ATCC 33299T was the nearest relative (94.0% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40.2 mol%. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C16:16c and/or C16:17c). The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic inference, strain HS39T represents a novel species of the genus Sphingobacterium, for which the name Sphingobacterium shayense is proposed. The type strain is HS39T (= CCTCC AB 209006T = NRRL B-59203T).

Nocardiopsis sinuspersici sp. nov., isolated from the sandy soil of Iran [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:19 PST

A polyphasic taxonomic study of a halotolerant bacterium, isolated from sandyrhizosphaeral soil in Sarbandar, Persian Gulf, Iran revealed that strain HM6T represents a novel species within the genus Nocardiopsis. Results of the 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison revealed that strain HM6T clustered with strains of the genus Nocardiopsis showing the highest degree of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to N. quinghaiensis (99.2 %), N. aegyptia (98.5 %) and N. halotolerans (98.3 %). However, DNA-DNA hybridization studies with these type strains revealed less than 39.6% similarity. Rather than genotypic difference there are some phenotypic discrepancies between strain HM6T and closely related Nocardiopsis species. Main morphological and chemotaxonomical features of strain HM6T including: (i) growth characteristics, i.e. the formation of a scant light-yellow to white aerial mycelium and the typical zig-zag form of the hyphae, which fragment during ageing into smooth rod shaped spores; (ii) the presence of meso-diaminopimelic acid and glucose plus ribose in whole-cell hydrolyzates; (iii) the presence of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylinositol together with three unknown Nocardiopsis specific phospholipids (close to diphosphatidylglycerol position) in polar lipid extracts; (iv) the presence of two major menaquinones MK-10(H2), MK-10(H2) and MK-9(H0) in the non-polar fraction; (v) the presence of iso/anteiso-branched plus 10-methyl-branched fatty acids, showing the diagnostic combination for Nocardiopsis spp. of iso-16:0 (31.1 %), anteiso-17:0 (19.2 %), 10-methyl-17:0 (5.8 %) and tuberculostearic acid (8.8%); and (vi) the absence of mycolic acids. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain HM6T represents a distinct taxon within Nocardiopsis. Based upon genotypic and phenotypic differences to other members of the genus, a novel species, Nocardiopsis sinuspersici sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is HM6T (= UTMC 00102T = DSM 45277T = CCUG 57624T).

Pseudonocardia babensis sp. nov., isolated from plant litter in Vietnam [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:18 PST

An actinomycete strain VN05A0561^T was isolated from plant litter collected at Ba Be National Park, Vietnam. The substrate mycelia and spore chains were fragmented as 'nocardioform' actinomycetes, the spores had smooth surfaces and were rod-shaped. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of strain VN05A0561^T were as follows: meso-diaminopimelic acid in peptidoglycan, arabinose and galactose as characteristic sugars, MK-8(H₄) as major isoprenoid quinone, phosphatidylcholine as diagnostic phospholipid, and iso-C_16:0 as major cellular fatty acid. Strain VN05A0561^T shared low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities (<97%) with validly described Pseudonocardia species, and was phenotypically different from the closely related species. These results suggested that strain VN05A0561^T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudonocardia, and the name Pseudonocardia babensis sp. nov. is proposed for the strain. The type strain is VN05A0561^T (=VTCC-A-1757^T =NBRC 105793^T).

Lactobacillus paucivorans sp. nov., isolated from the brewery environment [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Ehrmann, M. A., Preissler, P., Danne, M., Vogel, R. F. — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:20 PST

A Gram-positive, catalase-negative and rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from brewery environment. Its phylogenetic affiliation was determined using 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. It was found that the strain TMW 1.1424T belongs to the genus Lactobacillus, with three nearest 16S neighbours L. parabrevis LMG 11984T (97 %), L. brevis DSM 20054T (95.9 %) and L. hammesii DSM 16381T (96.2 %). Comparative sequencing of additional phylogenetic marker genes tuf and pheS confirmed the 16S rRNA tree topology. The DNA G+C content is 46.6 mol%. Genomic DNA-DNA similarities to L. brevis DSM 20054T, L. parabrevis LMG 11984T and L. hammesii DSM 16381T do not exceed 52.8 % revealing that the novel isolate represents a separate genomic species. The strain can be distinguished from other related species of the genus Lactobacillus by physiological and biochemical tests. Based on biochemical, physiological and phylogenetic data, it is proposed that the new isolate be classified as a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus paucivorans sp. nov. The type strain is DSM 22467T (=LMG 25291T).

Camelimonas lactis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the milk of camels [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:22 PST

Three Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria, isolated from milk of camels of a camel milk production farm in the United Arab Emirates, were investigated for their taxonomic allocation. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities, all of these strains (M 2040T, M 1973, and M 1878-SK2) were shown to belong to the alphaproteobacteria closely related to Chelatococcus asaccharovorans and Chelatococcus daeguenesis (95.1 % to 95.2 % sequence similarities). Meso-Diaminopimelic acid was detected as the characteristic peptidoglycan diamino acid. Predominant compound in the polyamine pattern was spermidine and sym-homospermidine was not detectable. The quinone system was ubiquinone Q-10. The polar lipid profile was composed of the major compounds phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, moderate amounts of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, an unidentified glycolipid and two unidentified aminolipids. Minor lipids were detectable as well.The Major fatty acids profiles consisting of : C19:0 cyclo 8c and C18:17c with 3-OH C18:0 as hydroxylated fatty acids) were similar to that of the genus Chelatococcus . The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed both genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the isolates from the described Chelatococcus species. Isolates M 2040T, M 1973, and M 1878-SK2 were closely related on the basis of DNA-DNA reassociation experiments and therefore represent a single novel species. In summary, low 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 95 % with C. asaccharovorans and markedly differences in the polar lipid profiles as well as in the polymine patterns suggests a novel genus for which the name Camelimonas lactis gen.nov., sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain M 2040T (= CCUG 58638T = CCM 7696T).

Agromyces bauzanensis sp. nov., isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:17 PST

Strain BZ41T was isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain BZ41T was related to the members of the genus Agromyces and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Agromyces ramosus (96.8%). The morphological, biochemical and chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolate were consistent with the description of the genus Agromyces. The cell wall peptidoglycan of strain BZ41T was of the type B2alpha and contained the amino acids 2,4-diaminobutyric acid, alanine, glycine and glutamic acid in an approximate molar ratio of 1.8:0.7:1.1:1.0, respectively. The predominant cell wall sugars were galactose, glucose, mannose and rhamnose. Strain BZ41T had MK-12 and MK-11 as the major menaquinones and contained anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as the major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 69.7mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, the new species Agromyces bauzanensis is proposed and the type strain is BZ41T (DSM 22275T = CGMCC 1.8984T).

Lentibacillus persicus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic species isolated from a saline lake [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:21 PST

A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain Amb31T, was isolated from water of the hypersaline lake Aran-Bidgol in Iran and it was taxonomically characterized using a polyphasic approach. Cells were rod-shaped, motile and able to produce ellipsoidal endospores at a central position in swollen sporangia. It was facultatively anaerobic, catalase and oxidase positive. Isolate Amb31T grew in a complex medium supplemented with 3-25% (w/v) NaCl, with the optimum at 7.5-10% (w/v) NaCl. The optimal growth was at 30-35°C and pH 7.5. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons showed that strain Amb31T belonged to the genus Lentibacillus; it exhibited 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 96.8, and 96.4% to the type strain of Lentibacillus salicampi and Lentibacillus salinarum, respectively and values of 95.9-94.7% to the type strains of other recognized species of Lentibacillus. Strain Amb31T had cell wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-7 as the respiratory isoprenoid quinone. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (44.7 %), iso-C16:0 (21.4 %) and anteiso-C17:0 (15.9 %) and its polar lipid pattern consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, five phospholipids and a glycolipid. The DNA G+C content was 44.1 mol%. All those features confirmed the placement of isolate Amb31T within the genus Lentibacillus; it could be clearly differentiated from other species of Lentibacillus on the basis of several phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic features. The DNA-DNA hybridization with the most closely related species, Lentibacillus salicampi DSM 16425T was 28%. Therefore, strain Amb31T represents a novel species of the genus Lentibacillus, for which the name Lentibacilus persicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Amb31T (=CCM 7683T = CECT 7524T = DSM 22530T = LMG 25304T).

Taxonomic study of the genus Salinicola: transfer of Halomonas salaria and Chromohalobacter salarius to the genus Salinicola as Salinicola salarius comb. nov. and Salinicola halophilus nom. nov., respectively [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

de la Haba, R. R., Sanchez-Porro, C., Marquez, M. C., Ventosa, A. — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:22 PST

We have carried out a polyphasic taxonomic characterization of the type strains of the recently validated species name Salinicola socius, together with two species that were phylogenetically closely related, Halomonas salaria and Chromohalobacter salarius. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that they constituted a coherent cluster, with sequences silimarities between 98.7 and 97.7%. We have determined the almost complete 23S rRNA gene sequences of these three species and the percentages of similarity between them were 99.2-97.6%. The phylogenetic trees based on the 16S rRNA and 23S rRNA gene sequences and obtained by three different algorithms were consistent and showed that these three species constituted a cluster separated from the other species of the genera of the family Halomonadaceae, supporting their placement in a single genus. All three species have ubiquinone 9 as the major respiratory quinone, and showed similar fatty acids and polar lipids profiles. The levels of DNA-DNA hybridization between Salinicola socius DSM 19940T, Halomonas salaria DSM 18044T and Chromohalobacter salarius CECT 5903T were 41-21%, indicating that they are different species of the genus Salinicola. A comparative phenotypic study of these strains following the Minimal Standards for describing new taxa of the family Halomonadaceae has been carried out. The phenotypic data are consistent with their placement on a single genus and supported their differentiation at the species level. On the basis of these data we have emended the description of the species Salinicola socius and we propose to transfer the species Halomonas salaria and Chromohalobacter salarius to the genus Salinicola, as Salinicola salarius comb. nov. (type strain M27T =KCTC 12664T =DSM 18044T) and Salinicola halophilus nom. nov. (type strain CG4.1T =CECT 5903T =LMG 23626T), respectively.

Bacillus halochares sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from solar salterns [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:21 PST

A novel halophilic bacterium, designated strain MSS4T, was isolated from the solar salterns of Mesolongi, Greece. The microorganism, a motile, Gram positive, aerobic rod, proliferated at salinities ranging 1.0 to 4.0 M NaCl, with an optimal growth at 2.5 M NaCl. Endospores were not observed. Strain MSS4T showed an optimal growth at 37 °C and pH 8.0. The G+C content of its DNA was 47.2 mol%. The polar lipid pattern of strain MSS4T consisted of diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidic acid and phosphatidylethanolamine. It possessed anteiso-C15:0, C18:0, C16:0 and anteiso-C17:0 as the major fatty acids (altogether representing 84.7 % of total). The predominant isoprenoid quinone of strain MSS4T was MK-7. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid. The 16S rRNA sequence analysis showed that the new isolate has 96.1 % similarity with Bacillus qingdaonensis CM1T and Bacillus aidingensis 17-5T, 95.5% with Bacillus salarius BH169T and lower similarity values with other Bacillus species. These results justify strain MSS4T as a new species within the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus halochares sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MSS4T (=LMG 24571T =DSM 21373T).

Thermococcoides shengliensis gen. nov., sp. nov., from oil-production fluid, representing a novel genus of the order Thermotogales [NEW TAXA: Other Bacteria]

Feng, Y., Cheng, L., Zhang, X., Li, X., Deng, Y., Zhang, H. — Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:16 PST

A novel thermophilic, strictly anaerobic heterotroph bacterium, strain 2SM-2^T was isolated from the Shengli oilfield, China. This organism was identified as a member of the order Thermotogales on the basis of its 16s rRNA gene sequence and the presence of an external membranous toga-like structure. Cells stained Gram-negative, were non-motile, appeared as irregular cocci 0.7-0.9 µm in diameter, and occurred in clusters of 2 to 6 cells, with cells located within a ballooning toga-like membrane. Its optimum temperature, pH and NaCl concentration for growth were 65 °C, 7.0 and 15 g l^-1, respectively. Under the optimum growth condition, the doubling time was approximately 105 min. Strain 2SM-2^T fermented a variety of simple and complex substrates such as glucose, acetate, methanol, starch or peptone while reducing elemental sulfur, sulfate and thiosulfate. The end-products identified during growth on glucose were acetate, lactate, L-alanine, H₂ and CO₂. The DNA G+C content of this organism was 36.4 mol%. The results of 16S rDNA-based sequence comparisons revealed that the strains represent a new lineage within the family Thermotogaceae of the order Thermotogales. Based on the phenotypic and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that this organism should represent a new genus and species within the family Thermotogaceae, Thermococcoides shengliensis gen. nov, sp. nov. The type strain is 2SM-2^T (=ACCC 00496^T =DSM 22460^T).

Actinokineospora baliensis sp. nov., Actinokineospora cibodasensis sp. nov., and Actinokineospora cianjurensis sp. nov. isolated from Indonesia [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 20 Nov 2009 08:01:20 PST

Six strains of actinomycetes isolated from soil and plant litter samples in Indonesia were studied for their taxonomic position by polyphasic taxonomy. Phylogenetically, all the strains located in the broad cluster of the genus Actinokineospora. Chemotaxonomic data (cell wall diamino acid - meso-diaminopimelic acid, cell wall peptidoglycan - type III (A1gamma), major sugar - galactose and arabinose, major menaquinone - MK-9(H4); major fatty acids - iso-C16:0; and major phospholipids - phosphatidylethanolamine (PE)) supported the affiliation of all 6 strains to the genus Actinokineospora. The result of DNA-DNA hybridization of the strains with validly published Actinokineospora species revealed three DNA-DNA homology groups. Group I (ID03-0561) showed low homology value to other strains studied. Group II (ID03-0784, ID03-0808, and ID03-0809) were formed a group with high homology value (98-100%) and showed low homology value from other strains studied. Group III (ID03-0810 and ID03-0813) showed 58-68% homology value with Actinokineospora terrae NBRC 15668T and showed low homology value (2-24%) with other strains studied. The description of three new species, Actinokineospora baliensis sp. nov. for a single strain in Group I with type strain ID03-0561T (=BTCC B-554T = NBRC 104211T), Actinokineospora cibodasensis sp. nov. for strains in the Group II with type strain ID03-0784T (=BTCC B-555T = NBRC 104212T), and Actinokineospora cianjurensis sp. nov. for strains in the Group III with type strain ID03-0810T (=BTCC B-558T = NBRC 105526T) were proposed.

Ogataea pignaliae sp. nov., the teleomorph of Candida pignaliae [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Peter, G., Tornai-Lehoczki, J., Dlauchy, D. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:38 PST

Six ascosporulating Candida pignaliae strains were isolated from epigeal plant parts in Hungary. They share identical D1/D2 LSU rRNA gene sequences with the type strain of C. pignaliae, and the physiological characteristics investigated are also very similar to that of the type strain. The only substantial difference compared to the type strain of C. pignaliae is their ability to assimilate β-glucosides (cellobiose, salicin and arbutin). The majority of the isolation sources of the strains reported in this study have the common feature of containing tannic acid, while the type strain of C. pignaliae was recovered from tanning fluid. We were able to induce ascosporulation also in the type strain of C. pignaliae. Therefore, Ogataea pignaliae Péter, Tornai-Lehoczki, & Dlauchy sp. nov. is proposed as the teleomorph of C. pignaliae (F.H. Jacob) S.A. Meyer & Yarrow. The type strain is CBS 6071T.

Salinimicrobium marinum sp. nov., a novel halophilic bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and a proposal of the emended descriptions of the genus Salinimicrobium and species Salinimicrobium catena [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:39 PST

Two novel heterotrophic, strictly aerobic, gliding and yellow-pigmented bacteria, designated strains KMM 6270T and KMM 6320, were isolated from different marine environments and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed the novel strains within the family Flavobacteriaceae. Strains KMM 6270T and KMM 6320 were most closely related to the type strains of the recognized species of the genus Salinimicrobium with sequence similarity in range of 95.0-96.6%. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 40-41 mol%. The strains grew with 0.5-15% NaCl and at 4-4°C, and optimal growth was with 4% NaCl and at 28-32°C. Aesculin and gelatin were hydrolyzed but agar, casein, DNA and chitin were not. The phylogenetic data taken together with the results of genotypic and phenotypic study permit to classify strains KMM 6270T and KMM 6320 as members of a novel species of the genus Salinimicrobium, for which the name Salinimicrobium marinum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 6270T (= KCTC 12719T = LMG 25395T).

Nocardioides mesophilus sp. nov., isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Dastager, S. G., Lee, J.-C., Pandey, A., Kim, C.-J. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:38 PST

A short coccoid- to rod-shaped, motile, mesophilic actinobacterium, strain MSL-22T, was isolated from soil on Bigeum Island, Korea. A polyphasic study was undertaken to establish the taxonomic position of this strain. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain MSL-22T formed an evolutionary lineage within the radiation of the genus Nocardioides. In particular, it formed a monophyletic lineage with Nocardioides jensenii DSM 20641T with which it shares the highest sequence similarity of about 97.3%. However, DNA-DNA hybridization experiments demonstrated that strain MSL-22T is distinct from its closest phylogenetic neighbors. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain MSL-22T contained LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). Strain MSL-22T had a cellular fatty acid profile containing straight-chain, branched, unsaturated and 10-methyl fatty acids, with iso-C16:0 as the major fatty acid. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 68.7 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, the strain is separated from previously described Nocardioides species, and should be assigned as a novel species in the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides mesophilus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain MSL-22T (=DSM 19432T=KCTC 19310T).

Aquimarina macrocephali sp. nov., isolated from the sediment adjacent to sperm whale carcasses off Kagoshima, Japan [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Miyazaki, M., Nagano, Y., Fujiwara, Y., Hatada, Y., Nogi, Y. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:41 PST

A novel species was isolated from the sediment adjacent to sperm whale carcasses off Kagoshima, Japan, at a depth of 219 m. The isolated strain, JAMB N27^T, was Gram negative, rod shaped, non-spore forming, strictly aerobic and motile by gliding. It was able to produce isoprenoid quinones MK-6 as major components. The predominant fatty acids of the organisms were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_15:1, C_16:1 and C_17:1. Casein, chitin, gelatin and starch were degraded. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain JAMB N27 ^T represents a separate lineage within the genus Aquimarina. The G+C contents of the isolated strain was about 33.1 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization values between the strain and Aquimarina reference strains were significantly lower than those accepted as the phylogenetic definition of species. Therefore, strain JAMB N27^T represent a new species, for which the name Aquimarina macrocephali sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JAMB N27^T (= JCM 15542^T = NCIMB 14508^T).

Phylogeny and differentiation of species of the genus Gluconacetobacter and related taxa based on multilocus sequence analyses of housekeeping genes and reclassification of Acetobacter xylinus subsp. sucrofermentans as Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans (Toyosaki et al. 1996) comb. nov. [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Cleenwerck, I., De Vos, P., De Vuyst, L. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:37 PST

Three housekeeping genes (dnaK, groEL, and rpoB) of strains belonging to the genus Gluconacetobacter (37 strains) or related taxa (38 strains) were sequenced. Reference strains of the fifteen species of the genus Gluconacetobacter were included. Phylogenetic trees generated using these gene sequences confirmed the existence of two phylogenetic groups within the genus Gluconacetobacter. These groups clustered separately in trees constructed using concatenated sequences of the three genes, indicating that the genus Gluconacetobacter should not remain a single genus, and be split up as previously suggested. Multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) of the three housekeeping genes further showed useful for species differentiation in the family Acetobacteraceae. Also, it suggested that Gluconacetobacter xylinus LMG 18788, better known as the type strain and only strain of Acetobacter xylinus subspecies sucrofermentans, is a distinct species in the genus Gluconacetobacter, and not a true G. xylinus strain. This strain showed in previous studies less than 70 % DNA relatedness with the type strains of Gluconacetobacter xylinus and Gluconacetobacter nataicola, the phylogenetically nearest relatives, and could phenotypically be distinguished from them. Additionally, AFLP and (GTG)5-PCR DNA fingerprinting data supported its reclassification as a distinct species. The name Gluconacetobacter sucrofermentans (Toyosaki et al. 1996) comb. nov. is proposed.

Listeria rocourtiae sp. nov. [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:32 PST

A Listeria-like strain isolated in Austria from pre-cut lettuce fitted with the description of the genus Listeria although it could not be assigned to any of the known species. Comparison of the rrs gene (coding 16S rRNA) sequence and gene content by DNA-array indicates affiliation to the genus Listeria. Phylogenetic distance with known Listeria species indicates it represents a new species. Since it can be differentiated from all other known species of Listeria by using phenotypic tests, the name Listeria rocourtiae is proposed for the new species. The type strain is CIP 109804^T (= DSM 22097^T, Allerberger 700284/02^T). The type strain is avirulent as assessed by cell culture assays and inoculation of mice.

Revival and emended description of 'Mycobacterium paraffinicum' (Davis, Chase and Raymond 1956) as Mycobacterium paraffinicum (ex Davis, Chase and Raymond 1956) sp. nov., nom. rev. [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Toney, N. C., Adekambi, T., Toney, S., Yakrus, M., Butler, W. R. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:40 PST

The omission of the name 'Mycobacterium paraffinicum' from the 1980 Approved List of Bacterial Names was due to phenotypic confusion surrounding a close relationship with Mycobacterium scrofulaceum. Correspondingly 'M. paraffinicum' strains grew slowly in >7 days, stained acid-alcohol fast, produced yellow-pigmented smooth waxy colonies in the dark at an optimal temperature of 35 °C. However 'M. paraffinicum' strains demonstrated no activity for urease, nicotinamidase or pyrazinamidase, and lacked growth at 42 °C as compared to M. scrofulaceum. The mycolic acid pattern as determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) clustered 'M. paraffinicum' with M. scrofulaceum, Mycobacterium avium, and Mycobacterium parascrofulaceum. Strains were fully susceptible to linezolid, rifabutin, clarithromycin and amikacin. Examination of the historical reference strain of 'M. paraffinicum' ATCC 12670 and five additional isolates using comparative gene studies with 16S rRNA, hsp65, rpoB and concatenated sequences demonstrated separate, monophyletic tree branching that was distinct from similar nontuberculous mycobacteria and formed a tight taxonomical group with the classical reference strain of 'M. paraffinicum'. Multilocus enzyme electrophoresis (MEE) analysis confirmed a close association of the five additional isolates with the reference strain of 'M. paraffinicum' with a genetic distance of 0.12 and was distinct from other closely related species. These genetic results provided unambiguous evidence of the uniqueness of the slow-growing, scotochromogenic species and supported the revival of the name as Mycobacterium paraffinicum (ex Davis, Chase and Raymond 1956) sp. nov., nom. rev. We propose the previously deposited reference strain located in the worldwide collections as the type strain ATCC 12670T =DSM 44181T =NCIMB10420T

Euzebya tangerina gen. nov., sp. nov., a deeply branching marine actinobacterium isolated from the sea cucumber Holothuria edulis and proposal of Euzebyaceae fam. nov., Euzebyales ord. nov. and Nitriliruptoridae subclassis nov. [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Kurahashi, M., Fukunaga, Y., Sakiyama, Y., Harayama, S., Yokota, A. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:40 PST

A tangerine-coloured, Gram-positive actinobacterial strain, designated F10T, was isolated from the abdominal epidermis of a sea cucumber, Holothuria edulis, collected in seawater off the coast of Japan. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain F10T was a member of the class Actinobacteria and was most closely related to Nitriliruptor alkaliphilus ANL-iso2T (87.4% sequence similarity). Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain F10T represents a novel deep rooted, and distinct phylogenetic lineage within the class Actinobacteria and is clustered with N. alkaliphilus and uncultured bacteria. The organism had meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, and rhamnose and galactose as the diagnostic cell-wall sugars. Strain F10T contained C16:17c, C16:0 and C17:18c as the major cellular fatty acids. The predominant isoprenoid quinone was MK-9 (H4). The G+C content of the DNA was 68.3 mol%. Based on data from the current polyphasic study, it is proposed that the new marine isolate be placed in a novel genus and be considered a novel species designated as Euzebya tangerina gen. nov., sp. nov. within the new family, order and subclass Euzebyaceae fam. nov., Euzebyales ord. nov. and Nitriliruptoridae subclassis nov. in the class Actinobacteria. The type strain of Euzebya tangerina is F10T ( =NBRC 105439T =KCTC 19736T; GenBank accession no. AB478418).

Rhodotorula rosulata sp. nov., Rhodotorula silvestris sp. nov. and Rhodotorula straminea sp. nov., novel myo-inositol-assimilating yeast species in the Microbotryomycetes [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Golubev, W. I., Scorzetti, G. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:39 PST

Three novel species are described as Rhodotorula rosulata (type strain VKM Y-2962), Rh. silvestris (type strain VKM Y-2971) and Rh. straminea (type strain VKM Y-2964) based on the study of eight isolates from needle litter. The new species, phylogenetically located within the Microbotryomyces, are related to glucuronate-assimilating species of the genus Rhodotorula. Sequencing of the D1/D2 domains of the LSU rDNA and the ITS regions, as well as physiological characterization, revealed their distinct taxonomic positions.

Cohnella thailandensis sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium from Thai soil [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:36 PST

A xylanolytic bacterium, strain S1-3T was isolated from soil collected in Nan province, Thailand. It was characterized taxonomically based on its phenotypic characteristics and 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison. The strain was Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, spore forming rod-shaped bacterium. It contained meso-diaminopimelic in cell wall-peptidoglycan. Major menaquinone was MK-7. Anteiso-C15:0 (35.1%) and iso-C16:0 (33.2%) were predominant cellular fatty acids. Diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were major polar lipids. The DNA G+C content was 53.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S1-3T was affiliated to the genus Cohnella, which was closely related to C. thermotolerans CCUG 47242T and C. laevoribosii RI-39T with 95.2 and 94.1% sequence similarity, respectively. Strain S1-3T could be clearly distinguished from C. thermotolerans CCUG 47242T by its physiological and biochemical characteristics as well as its phylogenetic position. Therefore, the strain represent a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella thailandensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S1-3T (=KCTC 22296T =TISTR 1890T =PCU 306T).

Shewanella coralli sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from Red Sea corals [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Shnit-Orland, M., Sivan, A., Kushmaro, A. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:41 PST

A marine bacterial strain, designated fav-2-10-05T, was isolated from the coral mucus layer of the coral Favia sp., collected from the coral reef in the Gulf of Eilat, Israel (29°51'N, 34°94'E). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, the isolate was affiliated with the family Shewanellaceae. Shewanella marisflavi and Shewanella haliotis were the closest relatives, demonstrating sequence similarities of 96.0 and 95.9 %, respectively, to the 16S rRNA gene of the isolate. The isolate was Gram-negative, rod-shaped and motile by means of a single polar flagellum, forming yellow- brownish colonies within 2 days of incubation at 26°C. The isolate demonstrated antibacterial activity against indicator strains, and grew in the presence of 0.5-8.0% (w/v) NaCl and at 10-37°C. The major fatty acids were C17:18c (21.6%), iso-C15:0 (18.6%), C15:0 (9.1%) and iso-C13:0 (8.9%). The DNA G+C content was 49.1 mol%. Phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses of this isolate suggested that it belongs to a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella coralli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is fav-2-10-05T (=LMG 24563T).

Nocardia mikamii sp. nov., isolated from human pulmonary infections in the United States [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:36 PST

Four nocardioform bacteria were isolated from clinical respiratory sources (W7467, W7811, W8061T and W9013) in the United States. Macroscopic examination showed scant aerial hyphae and beige-red substrate hyphae. They showed chemotaxonomic markers that were consistent with the classification of Nocardia: i.e., meso-diaminopimelic acid; arabinose and galactose as diagnostic sugars; the phospholipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol and phosphatidylinositol mannosides; a menaquinone with a -cyclic isoprene side chain MK-8(H4cycl.); a fatty acid pattern composed of unbranched saturated and monounsaturated fatty acids with considerable amount of tuberculostearic acid; and mycolic acids comprising 52 to 62 carbon atoms with three principal mycolic acids which were mono- and polyunsaturated showing a chain length of C54, C56 and C58. 16S rRNA gene sequence data and phenotypic characters showed they were most closely related to Nocardia aobensis (DSM 44805T ). The G+C content was 68.3 mol %. Analysis of a 1,245-bp fragment of gyrB gene showed a clade separate from N. aobensis and was supported by the DNA relatedness of 67 % of W8061T to N. aobensis. These data indicated that the novel isolates represent a new species within the genus Nocardia, for which the name Nocardia mikamii sp. nov. is proposed, with W8061T (DSM 45174T = JCM 15508T) designated as the type strain.

Haloterrigena daqingensis sp. nov., an extremely haloalkaliphilic archaeon isolated from salt-alkaline soils in Daqing, China [NEW TAXA: Archaea]

Wang, S., Yang, Q., Liu, Z., Sun, L., Wei, D., Zhang, J., Song, J., Yuan, H.-f. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:35 PST

A haloalkaliphilic archaeon strain JX313T was isolated from the salt-alkaline soil from Daqing, Heilongjiang Province in China. Its morphological, physiological and biochemical features and 16S rRNA gene sequence were characterized. Colonies of the strain were orange-red and cells were non-motile cocci and Gram-variable. The strain requires at least 1.7 M NaCl for its growth with optimal growth occurring in 2.0–2.5 M NaCl. It grows in the range of 20–50 °C and pH 8.0–10.5, with optimal growth at 35 °C and pH 10.0. The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 59.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain JX313T is associated with the genera Haloterrigena and Natrinema and is most closely related to the species Haloterrigena salina JCM 13891T (96.2% sequence similarity) and Haloterrigena hispanica DSM 18328T (96.2%). DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed that the hybridization percentage of strain JX313T are less than 50% with related species of the genus Haloterrigena or Natrinema. Furthermore, the cellular polar lipids of strain JX313T, which identified as phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and mannose-2,6-disulfate (1->2)-glucose glycerol diether (S2-DGD), was consistent with the characteristics of polar lipid of genus Haloterrigena. Therefore, phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic assessment and chemotaxonomic data showed that JX313T represents a novel species within the genus Haloterrigena, for which the name Haloterrigena daqingensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JX313T (=CGMCC 1.8909T=NBRC 105739T).

Clostridium arbusti sp. nov., an anaerobic bacterium isolated from pear orchard soil [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Jung, M. Y., Park, I.-S., Kim, W., Kim, H. L., Paek, W. K., Chang, Y.-H. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:35 PST

An obligate anaerobic, spore-forming bacterial strain, designated SL206T, was isolated from pear orchard soils. Strain SL206T cells were straight or slightly curved rods, with motility by peritrichate flagella. The major fatty acids were C16:0, C18:1 cis 9, and summed feature 10 (containing C18:1 c11/t9/t6). Glucose was fermented to acetate and butyrate. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 31.1 mol%. Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, the isolate belonged to the genus Clostridium and formed a clade with C. pasteurianum. The most closely related species to SL206T were C. pasteurianum (98.6% similarity) and C. acidisoli (97.8% similarity). In DNA-DNA relatedness studies, the isolate had 59.5% homology with C. pasteurianum and thus represented a unique genomic species. On the basis of these studies, strain SL206T (KCTC 5449T=JCM 14858T) is proposed to represent the type strain of a novel species, Clostridium arbusti sp. nov.

Laceyella tengchongensis sp. nov., a thermophilic strain isolated from the Big Empty Volcano [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Zhang, J., Tang, S.-K., Zhang, Y.-Q., Yu, L.-Y., Klenk, H.-P., Li, W.-J. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:34 PST

A thermophilic strain, designated YIM 10002T, was isolated from a soil sample of the Big Empty Volcano in Tengchong county, Yunnan province, south-west China. A polyphasic approach was used in investigating the taxonomic position of the novel strain. The strain YIM 10002T formed endospores on both aerial and substrate mycelia. The whole cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, ribose, xylose and glucose. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9. Phospholipids consisted of DPG, PG, PE, PI and PIM, together with some unknown phospholipids. The G+C content of its genomic DNA was 48.6 mol%. All these chemotaxonomic data together with its morphological properties consistently assigned strain YIM 10002T to the genus Laceyella. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis further confirmed that strain YIM 10002T belongs to the genus Laceyella and was closely related to Laceyella sacchari DSM 43356T (99.9 %) and Laceyella putida DSM 44608 T (98.0 %). However, it showed relative lower DNA–DNA relatedness values (34.0 % and 39.0 %, respectively) with the above strains. Therefore, strain YIM 10002T represents a novel species of the genus Laceyella, for which the name Laceyella tengchongensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the species is YIM 10002T (=DSM 45262T =CCTCC AA 208050T).

Proteiniclasticum ruminis gen. nov., sp. nov., a strictly anaerobic proteolytic bacterium isolated from yak rumen [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Zhang, K., Song, L., Dong, X. — Fri, 13 Nov 2009 10:16:34 PST

Two strict anaerobic, proteolytic bacterial strains, designated as strain D3RC-2T and D3RC-3r were isolated from a cellulose-degrading mix-culture enriched from yak rumen content. The strains were Gram stain negative, non-spore-forming with cell size of 0.5-0.8 µm x 0.6-2.0 µm. Growth was observed in the temperature range between 24-46°C (optimum 38-39°C) and pH range between 5.6-8.7 (optimum 7.0-7.3). Two strains used Soja peptone, tryptone, L-phenylalanine, L-leucine, L-methionine, L-serine, L-valine, L-threonine and L-histidine as carbon and nitrogen sources, but did not use any of the tested saccharide. The major fermentation products of PY medium were acetate, propionate and iso-butyrate. The G+C content of strain D3RC-2T and D3RC-3r were 41.0±0.1mol% and 41.3±0.1mol% (HPLC), respectively. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the two strains represented a new phyletic sub-lineage within the family Clostridiaceae, with <93.8% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to the described species. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and physiological evidence, strain D3RC-2T and D3RC-3r are proposed as a novel species of a novel genus, for which the name Proteiniclasticum ruminis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is D3RC-2T(=AS 1.5057T=JCM 14817T).

Pontibaca methylaminivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Rhodobacteraceae [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Kim, K. K., Lee, J.-S., Lee, K. C., Oh, H.-M., Kim, S.-G. — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:31:01 PST

The novel Alphaproteobacteria strains GRP21T and PH34, which were formerly isolated from the East Sea, Korea, were subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic investigation. The strains were Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming, oval-shaped rods, that produced creamy white colonies on tryptic soy agar, required NaCl for growth, contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone, contained 16:0, 18:17c, and 19:0 cyclo 8c as the major fatty acids, and had polar lipid profiles consisting of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, one unknown aminolipid, one unknown phospholipid, and three unknown lipids. Phylogenetic analysis, based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing, showed that the strains were most closely related to Donghicola eburneus KCTC 12735T, with 94.5% sequence similarity, but formed a separate lineage within the family Rhodobacteraceae. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data supported the conclusion that the strains represent a novel genus and species, for which the name Pontibaca methylaminivorans gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GRP21T (= KCTC 22497T = DSM 21219T).

Methanoculleus hydrogenitrophicus sp. nov., a novel methanogenic archaeon isolated from Zoige Plateau in China [NEW TAXA: Archaea]

Tian, J., Wang, Y., Dong, X. — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:31:04 PST

An obligate anaerobic methanogenic archaeal strain HCT was isolated from Zoige wetland at Tibetan Plateau in China. The strain was isolated through constructing an artificial butyrate-degrading consortium of co-culturing with a syntrophic bacterium, Syntrophomonas erecta subsp. sporosyntropha. Strain HCT was irregular coccoid with the diameter of 0.8-2 µm and singly arranged and only utilized H2/CO2 for growth and methane production. Growth occurred at temperature 18-45 °C, and optimally around 37 °C. The pH for growth was 5.0-8.5, and optimal growth was around pH 6.6. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 60.2 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence homology analysis indicated that strain HCT was affiliated to the Genus of Methanoculleus at sequence similarities of 94.8-97.2% with the existing members. However, strain HCT distinguished from the described Methanoculleus species by not using formate for growth and methane formation, nor requiring acetate as growth factor. Based on the phylogenetic analysis and phenotypic characteristics, a novel species Methanoculleus hydrogenitrophicus sp. nov. is proposed, with strain HCT as the type strain (=CGMCC1.5146T=JCM 16311T).

Bacillus rigui sp. nov., isolated from wetland freshwater [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Baik, K. S., Lim, C. H., Park, S. C., Kim, E. M., Rhee, M. S., Seong, C. N. — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:31:05 PST

Two Gram-positive strains, WPCB074T and WPCB165, were isolated from fresh water collected from the Woopo wetland (Republic of Korea). Both strains are strictly aerobic, motile and endospore-forming rods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strains WPCB074T and WPCB165 belonged to the genus Bacillus, and that strain WPCB074T was most closely related to Bacillus solisalsi YC1T (98.4 % sequence similarity), Bacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T (97.7 %), Bacillus macauensis ZFHKFT (96.9 %), Bacillus arsenicus Con a/3T (96.4 %) and Bacillus gelatini LMG 21880T (95.1 %). Between the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains WPCB074T and WPCB165 there was one nucleotide difference (99.9 %) and suggested that these two strains constituted a single species. DNA-DNA relatedness between strain WPCB074T and the type strains of Bacillus solisalsi, B. barbaricus, B. macauensis, B. arsenicus and B. gelatini were 26, 17, 20, 14 and 7 %, respectively. Strain WPCB074T was characterized by having cell wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid, MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone, iso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids. The G+C content of strain WPCB074T is 41.9 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic properties, phylogeny and genomic distinctiveness, strain WPCB074T represent a new species of the genus Bacillus, for which a new name, Bacillus rigui is proposed. The type strain of the new species is strain WPCB074T (= KCTC 13278T = JCM 16348T).

Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica sp. nov., isolated from the Yangtze River Estuary Near the East China Sea [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Xu, X.-W., Wu, Y.-H., Wang, C.-S., Gao, X.-H., Wang, X.-G., Wu, M. — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:31:04 PST

A strictly aerobic, Gram-negative, non-pigmented bacterial strain, designated LMEB 39^T, was isolated from a seawater sample collected from the Yangtze River estuary near the East China Sea and was examined physiologically, chemotaxonomically and phylogenetically. The novel isolate was motile by a single polar flagellum, positive for nitrate reduction and casein, gelatin, Tween 20 and Tween 80 decomposition and negative for indole production. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed ubiquinone-8 as predominant respiratory quinone and phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. The major fatty acids were C_16:17c/iso-C_15:0 2OH, C_16:0, C_18:17c, C_12:0 3OH, C_17:18c and C_17:0. The genomic DNA G + C content was 42.3 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolate belongs to the genus Pseudoalteromonas. Strain LMEB 39^T exhibited the closest phylogenetic affinity to Pseudoalteromonas byunsanensis JCM 12483^T (97.4 % sequence similarity). The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain LMEB 39^T and P. byunsanensis JCM 12483^T and Pseudoalteromonas undina DSM 6065^T (97.2 % sequence similarity) were 31.7 and 30.3 %, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain LMEB 39^T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoalteromonas, for which the name Pseudoalteromonas lipolytica sp. nov. (type strain LMEB 39^T = CGMCC 1.8499^T = JCM 15903^T) is proposed.

Weissella beninensis sp. nov., a novel motile lactic acid bacterium species isolated from submerged cassava fermentations in Benin [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:31:06 PST

Four Gram-positive, catalase-negative, short rod-shaped or coccoid, heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria strains (2L24P13T, 1L48P15, 1L24P31 and 1L24P34) with unusual pheno- and genotypic properties were isolated from submerged fermenting cassava on MRS agar. All strains showed motility. The organisms grew at 15 °C, produced DL-lactic acid from glucose with gas formation and produced ammonia from arginine. Acid was produced from D-fructose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-mannitol, D-mannose, N-acetylglucosamine, D-maltose, D-lactose, melibiose, D-raffinose D-sucrose, but not from D-arabinose, xylose and D-trehalose. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strains phylogenetically belonged to the genus Weissella and were closely related to Weissella ghanensis. Low DNA-DNA reassociation values were obtained between the strains and the phylogenetically closest related neighbour W. ghanensis. Based on the genetic and phenotypic results, the strains are considered to represent a novel species, for which the name Weissella beninensis is proposed. The type strain is 2L24P13T (= DSM 22752T = LMG 25373T).

Paenibacillus prosopidis sp. nov., isolated from the nodules of Prosopis farcta in Tunisia [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:31:02 PST

A bacterial strain designated PW21T was isolated from root nodules of Prosopis farcta in Tunisia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate into the genus Paenibacillus being its closest relatives P. glycanilyticus DS-1T and P. castaneae Ch-32T with 96.9% identity values. DNA hybridization measurements showed values lower than 25% with respect to these two species. The isolate was a Gram-variable, motile and sporulating rod. Catalase was positive and oxidase was weak. Aesculin, CMC (carboxymethylcellulose), xylan and starch were hydrolysed but casein and gelatin did not. Acetoine production was weak and nitrate reduction was negative. Urease production was negative. Growth was supported by many carbohydrates and organic acids as carbon source. MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone and anteiso-C15:0 , iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0 were the major fatty acids. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylglycerol, a glycolipid, six phospholipids, an unidentified lipid and two unknown aminophosphoglycolipids. Mesodiaminopimelic acid was not detected in peptidoglycan. The G+C content was 52.9 mol%. Phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain PW21T should be considered a new species of genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus prosopidis sp. nov. is proposed (type strain, LMG 25259T, CECT 7506T, DSM 22405T).

Erythrobacter nanhaisediminis sp. nov., isolated from marine sediment of the South China Sea [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Xu, M., Xin, Y., Yu, Y., Zhang, J., Zhou, Y., Liu, H., Tian, J., Li, Y. — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:31:06 PST

A novel Gram-negative, orange-pigmented, slightly halophilic, rod shaped strain T30^T was isolated from the South China Sea. Phylogenetic analysis showed that strain T30^T was a member of the genus Erythrobacter, sharing the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities with E. aquimaris JCM 12189^T (99.5 %) and E. vulgaris DSM 17792^T (99.0 %). Levels of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain T30^T and closely related strains of Erythrobacter species ranged from 14.5 to 56.9 %.This isolate lacked bacteriochlorophyll a and contained ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone. The major fatty acids of this strain were C_18:17c (38.2%) and C_16:17c/ C_16:16c (17.4%). The major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylglycerol. The DNA G+C content of this strain was 59.5 mol %. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data, a new species Erythrobacter nanhaisediminis is proposed; the type strain is T30^T (=CGMCC 1.7715^T=JCM 16125^T).

Flavobacterium glycines sp. nov., a novel facultative methylotrophic species isolated from the rhizosphere of soybean [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Madhaiyan, M., Poonguzhali, S., Lee, J.-S., Lee, K.-C., Sundaram, S. — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:31:00 PST

An aerobic, yellow-pigmented, facultative methylotrophic, Gram-staining-negative, non-spore-forming bacterium, motile by gliding, designated strain Gm-149T, was isolated from the rhizosphere of cultivated soybean in India. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C15 : 0, summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C15: 0 2-OH and/or C16: 17c), C16:0 3OH and anteiso-C15:0 and it contained the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 35.6 mol%. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain Gm-149T formed a distinct phyletic line within the genus Flavobacterium. Based on levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence pairwise similarity, the novel strain was related most closely to Flavobacterium daejeonense (97.1%), but the level of DNA-DNA relatedness between strain Gm-149T and F. daejeonense was about 11.2%. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain Gm-149T represents a novel species of the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium glycines sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Gm-149T (=ICMP 17618T =NBRC 105008T).

Vagococcus penaei sp. nov., isolated from spoilage microbiota of cooked shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Jaffres, E., Prevost, H., Joffraud, J.-J., Dousset, X. — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:31:01 PST

A polyphasic taxonomic study, using phenotypic and phylogenetic characterization as well as genotypic methods, was performed on five unknown Gram-positive, catalase-negative, coccus-shaped Vagococcus-like bacteria isolated from the spoilage microbiota of cooked shrimp. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that these strains belonged to the genus Vagococcus and that it formed a new branch distinct from the six species already recognized (V. fluvialis, V. salmoninarum, V. lutrae, V. fessus, V. carniphilus and V. elongatus). The polyphasic approach on the representative strain CD276T, including DNA-DNA hybridizations, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis of whole-genome DNA profiles, G+C content determination, cell-wall peptidoglycan typing, fatty acid analysis and extensive biochemical characterization, was used to clarify the taxonomic position of this strain. These data confirmed that CD276T (LMG 24833T = CIP 109914T) represents the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Vagococcus penaei sp. nov. is proposed.

Alishewanella agri sp. nov., isolated from landfill soil [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Kim, M.-S., Jo, S. K., Roh, S. W., Bae, J.-W. — Fri, 06 Nov 2009 08:31:05 PST

Strain BL06T was isolated from landfill soil in Pohang, Korea. Strain BL06T is gram-negative, aerobic, and requires 0-6 % NaCl for growth. The temperature range for growth is 10-44 °C, and the pH range is 5.5-12.0. Based on the 16S rRNA gene and gyrase B (gyrB) gene sequences, phylogenetic analysis showed that strain BL06T is associated with the genus Alishewanella and closely related type strains (98.8 % with Alishewanella. aestuarii; 98.7 % with A. fetalis; 98.5 % with A. jeotgali). Physiological and biochemical tests verified that strain BL06T is genotypically and phenotypically different from reference strains in the genus Alishewanella. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments showed that relatedness between the genomic DNA of strain BL06T and other species is less than 41 %. These findings strongly suggest that the strain is a novel species despite high similarity between the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain BL06T and the reference strains. Therefore, strain BL06T (= KCTC 22400T = JCM 15597T) is proposed to be a novel species named Alishewanella agri sp. nov.

Haloechinothrix alba gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel halophilic filamentous actinomycete of the suborder Pseudonocardineae [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Tang, S.-K., Wang, Y., Zhang, H., Lee, J.-C., Lou, K., Kim, C.-J., Li, W.-J. — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 09:01:30 PDT

A novel halophilic filamentous actinomycete strain, designated YIM 93221T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomy. The isolate grew in 9~23 % (w/v) NaCl and no growth in the absence of NaCl. It had spiny aerial mycelia, but did not form spores at maturity. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diagnostic diamino acid and glucose, mannose, glucosamine and one unknown sugar as the major whole-cell sugars. The phospholipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides and one unknown phospholipid. MK-8(H4) was the predominant menaquinone. The major fatty acids was iso-C16:0. The DNA G+C content was 68.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM 93221T formed a distinct lineage within the suborder Pseudonocardineae and showed 16S rRNA gene similarity levels of 91.9-94.8 % with the members of the suborder Pseudonocardineae. On the basis of the polyphasic evidence, a novel genus and species, Haloechinothrix alba gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM 93221T (=DSM 45207T= CCTCC AB 208140T).

Cystobasidiomycetes yeasts from Patagonia (Argentina): description of Rhodotorula meli sp. nov. from glacial meltwater [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Libkind, D., Sampaio, J. P., van Broock, M. — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 09:01:35 PDT

The basidiomycetous yeast strain CRUB 1032, which formed salmon-pink colonies, was isolated from glacial meltwater in Patagonia, Argentina. Morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization indicated that this strain belonged to the genus Rhodotorula. Molecular taxonomic analysis based on the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region sequences showed that CRUB 1032 represents an undescribed yeast species, for which the name Rhodotorula meli sp. nov. is here proposed (type strain: CBS 10797T=JCM 15319T). Phylogenetic analysis showed that R. lamellibrachii is the closest known species, together with which R. meli forms a separate cluster related to the Sakaguchia clade, within the Cystobasidiomycetes. Additional Patagonian yeast isolates of the Cystobasidiomycetes are also investigated in the present work.

Marmoricola scoriae sp. nov., isolated from volcanic ash [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Lee, D. W., Lee, S. D. — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 09:01:26 PDT

A novel Gram-positive, coccoid-shaped actinomycete, designated strain Sco-D01T, was isolated from volcanic ash collected from Oreum (a parasitic volcano) in Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Cells were aerobic, oxidase-negative and catalase-positive. Colonies of the cells were vivid yellow-coloured, circular, smooth and convex. The diagnostic diamino acid in the cell wall was LL-diaminopimelic acid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The polar lipids were phosphatidylinositol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and unknown phospholipids. The fatty acid profiles were represented by large amounts of saturated, unsaturated, 10-methyl and hydroxyl fatty acids. The DNA G+C content was 72.0 mol%. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain Sco-D01T belonged to the family Nocardioidaceae and formed a distinct sublineage within the radiation of the genus Marmoricola. Level of DNA-DNA relatedness of strain Sco-D01T to its closest relative was 30.2% (35.4% in duplicate measurements) to Marmoricola aurantiacus DSM 12652T. On the basis of the phenotypic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain Sco-D01T (=KCTC 19597T =DSM 22127T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Marmoricola, for which the names Marmoricola scoriae sp. nov. is proposed.

recN partial gene sequencing: a new tool for identification and phylogeny within the Streptococcus genus [EVOLUTION, PHYLOGENY AND BIODIVERSITY]

Glazunova, O. O., Raoult, D., Roux, V. — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 09:01:27 PDT

The analysis of a partial sequence of the recN gene (1249 bp), which encodes a recombination and repair protein, was performed to determine the phylogenetic relationship and identification of streptococci. The partial sequences presented an interspecies nucleotide similarity of 56.4% to 98.2% and an inter-subspecies similarity of 89.8% to 98%. The mean DNA sequence similarity of recN gene sequences (66.6%) was found to be lower than those of the 16S rRNA gene (94.1%), the rpoB gene (84.6%), the sodA gene (74.8%), the groEL gene (78.1%) and the gyrB gene (73.2%). Phylogenetically-derived trees revealed six statistically supported groups: Streptococcus salivarius, S. equinus, S. hyovaginalis/S. pluranimalium/S. thoraltensis, S. pyogenes, S. mutans and S. suis. The "mitis" group was not supported by a significant bootstrap value, but three statistically supported subgroups were noted: S. sanguinis/S. cristatus/S. sinensis, S. anginosus/S. intermedius/S. constellatus and S. mitis/S. infantis/S. peroris/S. oralis/S. oligofermentans/S. pneumoniae/S. pseudopneumoniae. The recN partial gene sequence comparison highlighted a high percentage of divergence between S. dysgalactiae subsp. dysgalactiae and S. dysgalactiae subsp. equisimilis. This observation is confirmed by the values that have been found for other gene sequence comparisons (groEL, gyrB, rpoB and sodA). A high percentage of similarity was found between S. intermedius and S. constellatus after sequence comparison of the recN gene. To study the genetic diversity among the "anginosus" group, the recN, groEL, sodA, gyrB and rpoB sequences were determined for 36 clinical isolates. The results that were obtained confirmed the high genetic diversity in this group of streptococci.

Arthrobacter alpinus sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from alpine soil [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 30 Oct 2009 09:01:33 PDT

The psychrophilic bacterium S6-3T was isolated from alpine soil. The aerobic, Gram-positive, non-motile strain exhibited a rod-coccus growth cycle and produced a yellow pigment. Growth occurred at a temperature range of 1-25°C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S6-3T was related to the members of the genus Arthrobacter, sharing the highest sequence similarities with Arthrobacter psychrolactophilus (97.9%) and Arthrobacter stackebrandtii (97.6%). Strain S6-3T had MK-9 as the major menaquinone and anteiso-C15:0 as the major fatty acid. The cell-wall peptidoglycan was of the type A3alpha L-Lys-L-Thr-Ala3. The predominant cell wall sugars were galactose and rhamnose. The genomic DNA G+C content was 61.9 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis and DNA-DNA relatedness data, a novel species, Arthrobacter alpinus sp. nov., is proposed, with the type strain S6-3T (= DSM 22274T = CGMCC 1.8950T).

Amycolatopsis xylanica sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from soil in Qinghai, China [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 30 Oct 2009 09:01:24 PDT

The taxonomic status of an actinomycete (CPCC 202699T) isolated from soil in Qinghai province of China was established based on a polyphasic investigation. The isolate contained meso-diaminopimelic acid in its peptidoglycan, arabinose and galactose as diagnostic sugars in whole-cell hydrolysates, a phospholipids pattern mainly consisting of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylmethylethanolamine (PME) and phosphatidylcholine (PC), MK-9(H4) being the predominant menaquinone, and iso-C16:0 (18.8%), iso-C15:0 (18.1%), iso-C14:0 (14.2%), C16:1 cis9 (10.9%), and C17:1 cis9 (10.3%) as the major fatty acids. On the phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis, the new isolate formed a separate branch within the genus Amycolatopsis. However, the organism showed low similarities (<97.0%) of 16S rRNA gene with all of the validly described species. Combined with the genotypic and phenotypic difference from the closest phylogenetic neighbours of the studied strain, a novel species, Amycolatopsis xylanica sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is CPCC 202699T(=DSM 45285T=KCTC 19581T=CCM 7627T).

Proposal of Brevundimonas vancanneytii sp. nov. isolated from blood of a patient with endocarditis [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Estrela, A. B., Abraham, W.-R. — Fri, 30 Oct 2009 09:01:25 PDT

The Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria strain LMG 2337T, isolated from blood of a patient with endocarditis, was characterized. The strain affiliated within the alphaproteobacterial genus Brevundimonas with B. diminuta (98.3% 16S rRNA gene identity) and B. terrae (97.5%) as their closest relatives. This affiliation was supported by chemotaxonomic data (G+C 66.3%, major polar lipids: phosphatidyl-diacylglycerol, sulfoquinovosyl-diacylglycerol and phosphatidyl-glucopyranosyl-diacylglycerol; major fatty acids: C18:17, C16:0, C16:17, C15:0, C17:18c, 11-Me-C18:15t, 3-OH-C12:0). The strain displayed an unusually broad substrate spectrum. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strain from all hitherto validly described Brevundimonas species. The strain therefore represent a new species, for which the name Brevundimonas vancanneytii sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain LMG 2337T (=CCUG 1797T =ATCC 14736T).

Halopelagius inordinatus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Halobacteriaceae isolated from a marine solar saltern [NEW TAXA: Archaea]

Fri, 23 Oct 2009 08:01:14 PDT

Two extremely halophilic archaea, strains RO5-2T and RO5-14, were isolated from Rudong marine solar saltern in Jiangsu, China. Cells of the two strains were pleomorphic, motile, and stained Gram-negative. Colonies were red-pigmented. Strains RO5-2T and RO5-14 were able to grow at 20-50 °C (optimum 37 °C), at 2.6-4.8 M NaCl (optimum 3.4-3.9 M NaCl), at 0.03-0.7 M MgCl2 (optimum 0.5 M MgCl2) and at pH 5.5-8.0 (optimum pH 6.5-7.0). Cells lyse in distilled water and minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell lysis is 12 % (w/v). The major polar lipids of the two strains were PG (phosphatidylglycerol), PGP-Me (phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester) and two major glycolipids chromatographically identical to S-DGD-1 and DGD-1. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strains RO5-2T and RO5-14 showed 93.4-93.8 % similarity to the closest cultivated relative, Halosarcina pallida. The DNA G+C content of strains RO5-2T and RO5-14 is 61.0 mol% and 59.9 mol%, respectively. The DNA relatedness between strains RO5-2T and RO5-14 was 86.0 %. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic properties suggest that strains RO5-2T and RO5-14 represent a novel species in a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, for which the name Halopelagius inordinatus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RO5-2T (= CGMCC 1.7739T = JCM 15773T)

Haloactinobacterium album gen. nov., sp. nov. a novel halophilic actinobacterium isolated from a salt lake in China, with proposal of Ruaniaceae fam. nov. [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 23 Oct 2009 08:01:16 PDT

A Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile and moderately halophilic actinobacterium, designated strain YIM 93306T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China, and was subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The isolate grew in the presence of 2-16 % (w/v) NaCl and no growth occurred in the absence of NaCl. The peptidoglycan type was A4 with an L-Lys-L-Glu interpeptide bridge. The whole cell sugars were glucosamine, arabinose and mannose. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, one unknown phosphoglycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. The DNA G + C content was 68.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism fell within the radius of the suborder Micrococcineae, and that its closest phylogenetic neighbour was the type strain of Ruania albidiflava (96.2 % sequence similarity), the sole recognized species of the genus Ruania. The sequence similarities between strain YIM 93306T and members of other genera of the suborder Micrococcineae were lower than 95.2 %. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic differences, a novel genus and species, Haloactinobacterium album gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain of the species is YIM 93306T (=DSM 21368T = KCTC 19413T =CCTCC AB 208069T). Based on phylogenetic characteristics and signature nucleotide patterns, the genus Ruania together with the newly suggested genus Haloactinobacterium are proposed to be classified as Ruaniaceae fam. nov.

Caldithrix palaeochoryensis sp. nov., a novel thermophilic anaerobic organotrophic bacterium from geothermally heated sediments off Palaeochory Bay (Milos Island, Greece) [NEW TAXA: Other Bacteria]

Fri, 23 Oct 2009 08:01:16 PDT

A novel thermophilic, strictly anaerobic chemoorganotrophic bacterium designated strain MCT was isolated from the geothermally heated sediments of a marine hydrothermal system at Palaeochory Bay (Milos, Greece). Cells of the novel organism were rods of variable length (4-12 µm) and 0.2-0.3 µm in width, occurring as single or forming large aggregates visible as flocks. Strain grew optimally at pH 7.0, temperature 60 °C and salinity 3% (w/v) NaCl. It grew chemoorganoheterotrophically, fermenting peptides, di- and polysaccharides in the presence of 0.1 g/l yeast extract. The DNA G+C content of strain MCT was 43.3 mol %. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene placed the strain MCT within the genus Caldithrix. However, the novel isolate possesses metabolic characteristics that differentiate it from the only previously described species of this genus. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypical consideration, it is proposed that strain MCT represents a novel species, Caldithrix palaeochoryensis sp. nov. The type strain is MCT (= DSM 21940T; =VKM B-2536). An amendment of the genus Caldithrix is proposed based on the phenotypical features of the novel species.

Thalassobacillus hwangdonensis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Lee, S.-Y., Oh, T.-K., Yoon, J.-H. — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 08:01:15 PDT

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, AD-1T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment of the coast of Hwangdo in the Yellow Sea, Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic study. Strain AD-1T grew optimally at pH 7.0-7.5 and 40 °C and in the presence of 5-10 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain AD-1T is most closely related to the type strains of Thalassobacillus devorans (98.0 % sequence similarity) and Thalassobacillus cyri (97.8 %). Strain AD-1T had the cell-wall peptidoglycan based on meso-diaminopimelic acid and MK-7 as the predominant menaquinone. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and two unidentified lipids. Major fatty acids (> 10 % of total fatty acids) were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 and anteiso-C15:0. The DNA G+C content of strain AD-1T was 45.2 mol%. It appears to be reasonable to classify strain AD-1T in the genus Thalassobacillus, although there were differences in fatty acid profiles between strain AD-1T and two Thalassobacillus species. Differential phenotypic properties and genetic distinctiveness of strain AD-1T revealed that this strain is differentiated from two Thalassobacillus species. On the basis of the data presented, strain AD-1T represents a novel species within the genus Thalassobacillus, for which the name Thalassobacillus hwangdonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AD-1T (= KCTC 13254T = CCUG 56607T).

Pseudomonas taiwanensis sp. nov., a novel species isolated from soil in Taiwan [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Wang, L.-T., Tai, C.-J., Wu, Y.-C., Chen, Y.-B., Lee, F.-L., Wang, S.-L. — Fri, 23 Oct 2009 08:01:15 PDT

A novel Gram-negative, rod-shaped, motile and non-spore-forming bacterial strain, CMST, isolated from soil was characterized using phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the organism phylogenetically belongs to the genus Pseudomonas. Pseudomonas monteilii, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida and Pseudomonas mosselii were the most closely related species, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.79, 99.73 and 99.59%, respectively. Low gyrB gene sequence similarities (<90%) and low DNA-DNA reassociation values (<51%) were obtained between the strain and its phylogenetically closest neighbors. The G+C content was 62.7 mol%. The major cellular fatty acids were C18:17c, C16:17c and/or C15:0 iso 2-OH, C16:0 and C10:0 3-OH. Based on the phenotypic and genetic evidence, the strain is suggested to represent a novel species, for which the name Pseudomonas taiwanensis is proposed. The type strain is CMST (=BCRC 17751T =DSM 21245T)

Rhodobacter johrii sp. nov., an endospore producing cryptic Rhodobacter species isolated from semi-arid tropical soils [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 23 Oct 2009 08:01:15 PDT

An oval to rod shaped phototrophic purple nonsulfur bacterium, strain JA192T was isolated from an enrichment culture of a pasteurized rhizosphere soil sample of jowar crop collected from Godumakunta village, near Hyderabad, India. Strain JA192T is Gram-negative, motile and produces endospores. Phylogenetic analysis on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain JA192T is closely related to Rhodobacter sphaeroides DSM 158T (99.9% sequence similarity), Rhodobacter megalophilus JA194T (99.8%) and Rhodobacter azotoformans JCM 9340T (98.1%) and clusters with other species of the genus Rhodobacter of the family Rhodobacteraceae. However, DNA-DNA hybridization with Rba. sphaeroides DSM 158T, Rba. megalophilus JA194T and Rba. azotoformans JCM 9320T showed a relatedness of only 38-57% with respect to JA192T. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, DNA-DNA hybridization data, morphological, physiological and chemotaxanomic characters, strain JA192T represents a novel species of the genus Rhodobacter, for which the name Rhodobacter johrii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JA192T (= DSM 18678T = JCM 14543T = MTCC 8172T).

Fervidicoccus fontis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel anaerobic thermophilic crenarchaeote from hot springs in Kamchatka, and proposal of Fervidicoccaceae fam. nov. and Fervidicoccales ord. nov. [NEW TAXA: Archaea]

Fri, 16 Oct 2009 04:55:24 PDT

Two novel thermophilic and slightly acidophilic strains, Kam940T and Kam1507b, with a 99% 16S rRNA gene sequence identity, were isolated from terrestrial hot springs of the Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka Peninsula. Cells of both strains were nonmotile regular cocci. Growth was observed between 55 and 85°C, with an optimum at 65-70°C (doubling time, 6.1 h) and pH values from 4.5 to 7.5, with an optimum at 5.5-6.0. The isolates were strictly anaerobic organotrophs and grew on a narrow spectrum of energy-rich substrates, such as beef extract, gelatin, peptone, pyruvate, rhamnose, starch, sucrose, yeast extract, with cell yield above 107 cells ml^-1. Elemental sulfur, sulfate, sulfite, thiosulfate and nitrate added as potential electron acceptors did not stimulate growth when tested with peptone. H2 at 100% in the gas phase inhibited growth on peptone. Glycerol dibiphytanyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGTs) with zero to four cyclopentyl rings were present in the lipid fraction of isolate Kam940T. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of the strain Kam940T was 37 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the isolates were archaea of the Crenarchaeota phylum: only distantly related to the cultured members of the class Thermoprotei (no more than 89% identity) and formed an independent lineage adjacent to the orders Desulfurococcales and Acidilobales and clustering only with uncultured clones from hot springs of Yellowstone National Park and Iceland as the closest relatives. On the basis of its phylogenetic position and new phenotypic features, the isolates Kam940T (= DSM 19380T =VKM B-2539T) and Kam1507b are proposed to be assigned to a new genus and species Fervidicoccus fontis. The phylogenetic data as well as phenotypic properties suggest that the new crenarchaeotes form the basis of a novel family Fervidicoccaceae and a novel order Fervidicoccales within the class Thermoprotei.

Lachancea nothofagi sp. nov., a yeast associated with Nothofagus species in Patagonia, Argentina [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Mestre, M. C., Ulloa, J. R., Rosa, C. A., Lachance, M.-A., Fontenla, S. — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 04:55:23 PDT

Six strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from Nothofagus spp. trees in native forests from Patagonia, Argentina. The strains were isolated from bark, fluxes, and from the ectomycorrhizospheric soil fraction of Nothofagus antarctica, N. nervosa and N. pumilio. Analysis of the D1/D2 large-subunit rDNA sequences indicated that the novel species belongs to the genus Lachancea and is closely related to L. meyersii. The name Lachancea nothofagi sp. nov. is proposed to accommodate these strains. The type strain is UWOPS 99-807.3 (= CBS 11611 = NRRL Y-48670)

Pseudidiomarina aestuarii sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from seawater of shallow coastal area in Korea [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Park, S. C., Lim, C. H., Baik, K. S., Lee, K. H., Lee, J.-S., Seong, C. N. — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 04:55:24 PDT

A non-motile, rod-shaped and aerobic marine bacterium, designated strain KYW314^T, was isolated from sea-water collected from the South Sea (Republic of Korea). Cells were Gram-negative, catalase- and oxidase-positive and have a proteolytic activity. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (17.2 %), C16:0 (11.1 %), iso-C17:0 (10.5 %) and C18:17c (10.0 %). The DNA G+C content was 56.4 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain KYW314^T forms a lineage within the genus Pseudidiomarina (95.4-97.3 % sequence similarity) and a distinct branch with the clade comprising Pseudidiomarina taiwanensis PIT1^T and P. sediminum c121^T. The phenotypic characteristics indicate the strain KYW314^T should be distinguished from the members of the genus Pseudidiomarina. On the basis of the data presented in this study, strain KYW314^T represents a novel species, for which the name Pseudidiomarina aestuarii is proposed. The type strain is KYW314^T (= KCTC 22740^T = JCM 16344^T).

Soonwooa buanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from seawater [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Joung, Y., Song, J., Lee, K., Oh, H.-M., Joh, K., Cho, J.-C. — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 04:55:21 PDT

A Gram-reaction-negative, non-motile, non-gliding, strictly aerobic, pale yellow colony-forming, rod-shaped bacterial strain devoid of flagellar and gliding motility, designated HM0024T, was isolated from costal seawater of the Yellow Sea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomy. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity analyses, strain HM0024T was most closely related to Chryseobacterium balustinum (94.4 %), Chryseobacterium scophthalmum (94.4 %) and Elizabethkingia meningoseptica (94.0 %), and shared less than 92 % sequence similarity with other members of the family Flavobacteriaceae. Phylogenetic analyses showed that strain HM0024T formed an independent phyletic line of descent within the family Flavobacteriaceae. The DNA G+C content of the strain was 29.6 mol% and its major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH, iso-C17:0 7c and C16:1 6c/C16:1 7c. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6 and the major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and several aminolipids. Lower DNA G+C content, larger proportions of C16:1 6c/C16:1 7c, anteiso-C15:0 and iso-C16:0 3-OH, and several phenotypic characteristics differentiated strain HM0024T from phylogenetically related members of the family. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain HM0024T (=KCTC 22689T =CECT 7503T) is classified in a novel genus and species, for which the name Soonwooa buanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed.

Planotetraspora kaengkrachanensis sp. nov. and Planotetraspora phitsanulokensis sp. nov., isolated from soil in Thailand [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 16 Oct 2009 04:55:22 PDT

Two novel bacterial strains were isolated from tropical rain forest soil, Thailand. Strains A-T 0875^T and A-T 1383^T were Gram-positive-staining, filamentous bacterial strains that developed cylindrical sporangia containing four oval- to rod-shaped spores at the ends of short sporangiophores on branched aerial mycelium. The cell-wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid, glutamic acid and alanine as cell-wall amino acids, the whole-cell hydrolysates contained rhamnose, madurose, glucose, galactose, and 3-O-methylmannose as whole-cell sugars. The predominant menaquinone was MK-9(H4). Mycolic acids were not detected. The diagnostic phospholipid was phosphatidylethanolamine. The predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0 and 10-methylated C17:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 71 mol%. The phenotypic and chemotaxonomic analyses showed that our isolates had the typical characteristics of members of the genus Planotetraspora. Furthermore, the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis also indicated that the strains belong to the genus Planotetraspora but as two putative novel species. Following an evaluation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic studies, the two new isolates are proposed as two novel species to be named Planotetraspora kaengkrachanensis sp. nov. (Type strain, A-T 0875^T = BCC 24832^T = NBRC 104272^T) and Planotetraspora phitsanulokensis sp. nov. (Type strain, A-T 1383^T = BCC 26045^T = NBRC 104273^T).

Limnohabitans curvus gen. nov., sp. nov., a planktonic bacterium isolated from a freshwater lake [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Hahn, M. W., Kasalicky, V., Jezbera, J., Brandt, U., Jezberova, J., Simek, K. — Fri, 16 Oct 2009 04:55:23 PDT

The chemoorganotrophic, aerobic, facultatively anaerobic, non-motile strain MWH-C5T isolated from the water column of oligo-mesotrophic Lake Mondsee (Austria) was phenotypically, phylogenetically, and chemotaxonomically characterized. The predominant fatty acids of the strain were C16:17c/6c, C16:0, C12:1, and C8:0-3OH, the major quinone was ubiquinone Q-8, and the G+C content of the DNA of the strain was 55.5 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene similarity to the closest related type species were 96.6% (Curvibacter delicatus) and 95.7% (Rhodoferax fermentans). The phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed the affiliation of the strain with the family Comamonadaceae (Betaproteobacteria), however, the revealed phylogenetic position of the strain did not indicate the affiliation to any previously described genus within this family. A family-wide comparison of traits revealed that the strain possesses a unique combination of G+C value, major fatty acids, and major 3-hydroxy fatty acid. Furthermore, the strain differs in several traits from the closest related genera. Based on the phylogeny of the strain and the differences to the closest related genera, we propose to establish the genus Limnohabitans gen. nov. to accommodate this strain, and to place the strain in the new species Limnohabitans curvus sp. nov., with the type strain MWH-C5T (DSM 21645T =CCUG 56720T). The type strain is closely related to a large number of uncultured bacteria detected by cultivation-independent methods in various freshwater systems.

International Committee on Systematics of ProkaryotesSubcommittee on the Taxonomy of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Related Organisms.Minutes of the meetings, 3rd September, 2008, Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands [ICSP]

Klein, G. — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:28 PDT

Minutes of the meetings of the Subcommittee on the Taxonomy of Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus and Related Organisms, 3rd September, 2008, Egmond aan Zee, The Netherlands.

Castellaniella daejeonensis sp. nov., isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Lee, M., Jung, H.-M., Woo, S.-G., Yoo, S.-A., Ten, L. N. — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:28 PDT

A Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, motile, facultative anaerobic bacterial strain, designated MJ06T, was isolated from oil-contaminated soil and was characterized taxonomically by using a polyphasic approach. Strain MJ06T contained ubiquinone Q-8 as the major respiratory lipoquinone, putrescine as the predominant polyamine and phosphatidylethanolamine, diphosphatidylglycerol, and phosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 66.2 mol%. The major fatty acids were summed feature 4 (C16 : 17c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH; 32.5 %), C16:0 (22.8 %) and summed feature 7 (C18 : 17c and/or C18 : 19t and/or C18 : 112t; 14.9 %). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain MJ06T belonged to the family Alcaligenaceae, class Betaproteobacteria, and joined the evolutionary radiation enclosed by the genus Castellaniella. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities between strain MJ06T and its phylogenetically closest relatives Castellaniella denitrificans DSM 11046T, Castellaniella defragrans DSM 12141T, Castellaniella ginsengisoli KCTC 22398T and Castellaniella caeni KCTC 12197T were 98.6, 98.3, 97.8 and 97.3 %, respectively. Levels of similarity between strain MJ06T and all other recognized species of the family Alcaligenaceae were below 95.0 %. Strain MJ06T exhibited relatively low levels of DNA-DNA relatedness values with respect to C. defragrans DSM 12141T (52 %), C. denitrificans DSM 11046T (31 %), C. ginsengisoli KCTC 22398T (18 %) and C. caeni KCTC 12197T (15 %). On the basis of its phenotypic and genotypic properties together with phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain MJ06T (=KCTC 22454T= JCM 16240T) should be classified in the genus Castellaniella as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Castellaniella daejeonensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Burkholderia acidipaludis sp. nov., aluminum-tolerant bacteria isolated from the Chinese water chestnut, Eleocharis dulcis, that grows in highly acidic swamps in Southeast Asia [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Aizawa, T., Ve, N. B., Vijarnsorn, P., Nakajima, M., Sunairi, M. — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:26 PDT

Two strains of aluminum-tolerant bacteria, SA33^T and 7A078(BCC 36999), were isolated from the Chinese water chestnut (Eleocharis dulcis) that grows in highly acidic swamps (pH 2 - 4) in actual acid sulfate soil areas of Vietnam and Thailand, SA33^T from Vietnam and 7A078 from Thailand. The strains were Gram-negative, aerobic, non-spore-forming, and rod-shaped bacteria, having a cellular width of 0.6 - 0.7 µm and a length of 1.3 - 1.7 µm. These strains showed good growth between pH 3.0 and 8.0 and between 17 and 37 °C. The organisms contained ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and C_{16 : 0}, C_{18 : 1}7c, and C_{17 : 0} cyclo as their major fatty acids. Their fatty acid profiles are similar to those reported for other Burkholderia species. The DNA G+C content of these strains was 64 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, these strains were shown to belong to the genus Burkholderia. Although the calculated 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of SA33^T to 7A078, B. kururiensis, B. sacchari, and B. tuberum were 100 %, 97.3 %, 97.1%, and 97.0 %, respectively, SA33^T and 7A078 formed a group that was distinct in the phylogenetic trees, and the DNA-DNA relatedness values of SA33^T to 7A078 and these other species were 90 %, 47 %, 46 %, and 45 %, respectively. The results of physiological and biochemical tests including whole-cell protein pattern analysis allowed phenotypic differentiation of these strains from the published Burkholderia species. Therefore, strains SA33^T and 7A078 represent a new species, for which the name Burkholderia acidipaludis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SA33^T (= NBRC 101816^T = VTCC-D6-6^T).

Cloacibacterium rupense sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from sediment of rupa lake in Nepal [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Cao, S.-J., Deng, C.-P., Li, B.-Z., Dong, X.-Q., Yuan, H.-L. — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:25 PDT

A Gram-negative, yellow-pigmented bacterium, designated strain R2A-16T, was isolated from sediment of Rupa lake in Nepal and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain R2A-16T is affiliated to the genus Cloacibacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae. The levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain R2A-16T and the type strains of Cloacibacterium normanense CCUG 46293T was 98.07%. The strain contained iso-C15:0 (35.6%) as the major fatty acids and menaquinone MK-6 as the predominant respiratory quinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 33.3 mol%. On the basis of its phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain R2A-16T represents a novel species of the genus Cloacibacterium, for which the name Cloacibacterium rupense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R2A-16T (=CGMCC 1.7656T= NBRC 104931T).

Catellibacterium aquatile sp. nov., isolated from freshwater and emended description of the genus Catellibacterium Tanaka et al. 2004 [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Liu, Y., Xu, C.-J., Jiang, J.-T., Liu, Y.-H., Song, X.-F., Li, H., Liu, Z.-P. — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:24 PDT

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, non-pigmented, non-spore-forming bacterial strain that is motile by a single polar flagellum, designated A1-9T, was isolated from Daqing reservoir, northeast of China and its taxonomic position was studied using a polyphasic approach. Strain A1-9T is non-halophilic, strictly aerobic and heterotrophic and lacks carotenoids, internal membranes and genes for photosynthesis (puf genes). Strain A1-9T grows between 10-40°C (optimum at 25-30°C), pH 5.5-9.0 (optimum at pH 6.0-6.5) and tolerates only up to 1.0% NaCl (w/v). Neither phototrophic nor fermentative growth is observed. The predominant ubiquione is UQ-10 and the major fatty acids are C18:17c (70 %). The DNA G+C content is 64.4 mol % (Tm). Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA revealed that strain A1-9T, together with Catellibacterium nectariphilum AST4T, formed a deep line within the 'Rhodobacter clade' of the family Rhodobacteraceae and showed 94.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Catellibacterium nectariphilum AST4T. On basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain A1-9T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Catellibacterium, for which the name Catellibacterium aquatile sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is A1-9T (=CGMCC 1.7029T =NBRC 104254T).

Fontibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Cytophagaceae, isolated from a hot spring in Taiwan [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:29 PDT

A bright orange-pigmented bacterial strain, designated CC-GZM-130T, isolated from a water sample of the Guan-zing-ling hot spring, Southern Taiwan, was studied for its taxonomic allocation. The strain was able to grow on nutrient agar at 25°C - 40°C and in the presence of 1 to 3% NaCl. Comparative analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that the isolate was grouped in the vicinity of the genus Aquiflexum with the highest sequence similarity of 92.1% to the type strain of Aquiflexum balticum, followed by 92.0% sequence similarity to that of Algoriphagus ornithinivorans, 91.6% to that of Algoriphagus hitonicola and 91.5% sequence similarity to that of Belliella baltica. The polyamine pattern showed the major compound sym-homospermidine. The quinone system is menaquinone MK-7. The polar lipid profile was composed predominantly of phosphatidylethanolamine, three polar lipids and one aminolipid. Minor amounts of other lipids were detectable as well. The fatty acid profile shared major characteristic with those of B. baltica and A. balticum with iso-C15:0, iso-C17:19c and iso-C17:0 3OH as the major fatty acids, but some qualitative and quantitative differences were evidenced. The DNA G+C content was 53.2 mol%. The strain is genotypically and phenotypically clearly different from representatives of the most closely related genera. On the basis of these differences we propose a novel genus with one novel species with the name Fontibacter flavus gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is CC-GZM-130T (CCUG 57694T = CCM 7650T).

Agaricicola taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel {alpha}-proteobacterium isolated from edible mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:26 PDT

A Gram-negative, beige pigmented aerobic, motile club-shaped bacterium, CC-SBABM117T, was isolated from a stipe of an edible mushroom Agaricus blazei Murrill. The 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that it shared < 93% sequence similarity with the species in the genera Pannonibacter, Methylopila, Nesiotobacter and Stappia. The organism was unable to produce acid from carbohydrates, but it could utilize a number of organic acids and amino acids. Ubiquinone 10 (Q10) was the major respiratory quinone and C18:1 7c, 19:0 cyclo 8c, C 16:0, and C18:0 3-OH were the predominant fatty acids. C14:0 3-OH was absent. This fatty acid profile distinguished the new isolate from the members of the genera Pannonibacter, Methylopila, Nesiotobacter, Stappia, Roseibium and Labrenzia. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine. Sulphoquinovosyldiacylglyceride and phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine were absent. Two unknown phospholipid and an unknown glycolipid occurred as minor components. The DNA G+C content of strain CC-SBABM117T was 62 ± 1 mol%. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and of the chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain CC-SBABM117T represents a new genus and species for which the name Agaricicola taiwanensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-SBABM117T (=BCRC 17964T=CCM7684T).

Aeromonas taiwanensis sp. nov. and Aeromonas sanarellii sp. nov., two new clinical species from Taiwan [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:28 PDT

Two clinical Aeromonas sp. strains (A2-50 and A2-67) recovered from the wounds of two patients in Taiwan could not be assigned to any known species of this genus based on the sequences of the 16S rDNA gene that showed similarities with A. caviae, A. trota and A. aquariorum ranging from 99.6% to 99.8%. The rpoD phylogenetic tree allocated these two strains to two new and independent phylogenetic lines, the neighbouring species being A. caviae showing 93.2% similarity (56 bp differences) with strain A2-50 and 92.2% (63 bp differences) with strain A2-67. A multi-locus phylogenetic analysis of 5 housekeeping genes (gyrB, rpoD, recA, dnaJ and gyrA; 3684 bp) confirmed both strains as independent phylogenetic lineages within the genus. This data together with the phenotypic characterization and DNA-DNA reassociation results revealed that these two strains are novel Aeromonas species, for which the names Aeromonas taiwanensis sp. nov., with the type strain A2-50 (=CECT 7403T=LMG 24683T) and Aeromonas sanarellii sp. nov., with the type strain A2-67 (=CECT 7402T=LMG 24682T) are proposed.

Herpetomonas trimorpha sp. nov. (Trypanosomatidae, Kinetoplastida), a parasite of the biting midge Culicoides truncorum (Ceratopogonidae, Diptera) [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Zidkova, L., Cepicka, I., Votypka, J., Svobodova, M. — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:25 PDT

Monoxenous trypanosomatid Herpetomonas trimorpha sp. nov. was isolated from the digestive tract of the biting midge Culicoides truncorum (Ceratopogonidae, Diptera). This species forms three distinct morphotypes in culture; the small promastigote, the microflagellate promastigote, and the long promastigote. The last form is unique for the newly described species. Phylogenetic analyses of SSU rRNA and gGAPDH genes showed that H. trimorpha sp. nov. is the closest relative of H. ztiplika, another monoxenous trypanosomatid isolated from biting midges. However, morphological and RAPD analyses confirmed that Herpetomonas trimorpha sp. nov. is distinct from H. ztiplika.

Staphylococcus rostri sp. nov., a hemolytic bacterium isolated from the nose of healthy pigs [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Riesen, A., Perreten, V. — Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:27 PDT

Twenty coagulase-negative Staphylococcus strains displaying an -hemolysis (-hemolysin) on sheep blood agar were isolated from the nose of different pigs in Switzerland. The strains were Gram-positive, non-motile cocci, catalase-positive and coagulase-negative. Sequence analysis of 16S rDNA, sodA, rpoB, dnaJ, hsp60 and phylogenetic characteristics revealed that the strains showed the closest relatedness to Staphylococcus microti CCM 4903T and Staphylococcus muscae DSM 7068T. The strains can be differentiated from S. microti by the absence of mannose fermentation and arginine arylamidase and from S. muscae by the absence of β-glucuronidase activity and production of alkaline phosphatase. The type strain ARI 262T share 20.1% respectively 31.9% DNA similarity to S. microti CCM 4903T and S. muscae DSM 7068T by DNA-DNA hybridization. Fatty acid i-C15:0, ai-C15:0 and i-C17:0 were the most common fatty acids. Cell wall structure analysis revealed the peptidoglycan type A3 L-Lys-Gly2-L-Ser-Gly (type A11.3). The presence of teichoic acid was determined by sequencing the N-acetyl-β-D-mannosaminyltransferase gene tarA which is involved in the teichoic acid ribitol biosynthesis. Menaquinone 7 (MK-7) was the predominant respiratory quinone. The G+C contents of ARI 262T is 38.8%. The isolated strains represent a novel species of the genus Staphylococcus, S. rostri sp. nov. The strains used for the characterization of S. rostri sp. nov. are the type strain ARI 262T (= DSM 21968T = CCUG 57266T) and strain ARI 602 (= DSM 21969 = CCUG 57267).

Paenibacillus riograndensis sp. nov., a nitrogen-fixing species isolated from the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fri, 09 Oct 2009 06:22:27 PDT

A bacterial strain designated SBR5T was isolated from the rhizosphere of Triticum aestivum. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed the isolate within the genus Paenibacillus, being most closely related to P. graminis species, showing 98.1% similarity with P. graminis RSA19T. The isolate was a Gram-variable, motile, facultatively anaerobic bacterium, with spores in terminal position in cells. Starch is utilized and dihydroxyacetone and catalase were produced. Strain SBR5T displays plant growth promoting rhizobacteria characteristics: ability to fix nitrogen, to produce siderophores and indole-3-acetic acid. The DNA G+C content was 55.1 mol%. Chemotaxonomic analysis of the isolated strain revealed that MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone, while the major fatty acid was anteiso-C15:0. The values for DNA-DNA hybridization between strain SBR5T and P. graminis RSA19T, P. odorifer TOD45T and P. borealis KK19T strains were 43%, 35% and 28%, respectively. These DNA relatedness data and the results of phylogenetic and phenotypic analyses showed that strain SBR5T should be considered as the nitrogen-fixing type strain of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the name Paenibacillus riograndensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SBR5T (= CCGB 1313T = CECT 7330T).

Weissella fabaria sp. nov. from Ghanaian cocoa fermentation [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

De Bruyne, K., Camu, N., De Vuyst, L., Vandamme, P. — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:56:15 PDT

Two lactic acid bacteria, strain 257T (= LMG 24289T) and strain 252, were isolated from traditional heap fermentations of Ghanaian cocoa beans. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of these strains allocated them within the genus Weissella, showing 99.5% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity towards the type strain of Weissella ghanensis LMG 24286T. Whole-cell protein electrophoresis, fluorescent amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting of whole genomes, and biochemical tests confirmed its unique taxonomic position. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments towards their nearest phylogenetic neighbour demonstrated that both strains represent a novel species for which we propose the name Weissella fabaria, with strain 257T (= LMG 24289T = DSM 21416T) as the type strain. Additional sequence analysis using pheS gene sequences proved useful for identification of all Weissella-Leuconostoc-Oenococcus species and for the recognition of Weissella fabaria sp. nov.

Vitellibacter aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment, and an emended description of the genus Vitellibacter [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Kim, B.-S., Kim, O.-S., Moon, E. Y., Chun, J. — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:56:14 PDT

A Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, yellowish orange-color pigmented bacterial strain, designated JC2436T, was isolated from tidal flat sediment of Oi Island in Korea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated its close affiliation to Vitellibacter vladivostokensis, with 96% sequence similarity. Cells grew with 2-6% NaCl and at 10-41 °C. Orange-color flexirubin pigments were present. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6, the DNA G+C content was 48.7 mol% and the predominant fatty acids (>10%) were iso-C15:0 and iso-C17:0 3-OH. The polyphasic data presented in this study support the classification of this isolate as a novel species in the genus Vitellibacter, for which the name Vitellibacter aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed (type strain JC2436T = IMSNU 14137T = KACC 13727T = KCTC 22361T = JCM 15496T).

Neptunomonas antarctica sp. nov., isolated from Antarctic marine sediment [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:56:12 PDT

A Gram-negative, motile, oxidase- and catalase-positive and facultatively aerobic bacterium, designated S3-22T, was isolated from the marine sediments of the Nella Fjord, Antarctica. Strain S3-22T could reduce nitrate to nitrite and grow at pH 6.0-8.0, at 4-25°C and in the presence of 0.5-5% NaCl (w/v). It contained Q8 as the only respiratory quinone and Summed Feature 3 (comprising C16:1c and/or iso-C15:02-OH), C16:0 and C18:1c as the major cellular fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 45.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain S3-22T was affiliated with the genus Neptunomonas, with 97.1% sequence similarity to Neptunomonas japonica JCM 14595T and 94.8% to Neptunomonas naphthovorans ATCC 700637T, the only two recognized Neptunomonas species. The DNA-DNA similarity value between strain S3-22T and its nearest phylogenetic neighbour Neptunomonas japonica JCM 14595T was 20.4%. Strain S3-22T could be distinguished from other Neptunomonas species by several phenotypic properties. Based on the polyphasic evidence, strain S3-22T represents a novel Neptunomonas species, for which the name Neptunomonas antarctica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S3-22T (=CCTCC AB 209086T=KACC 14056T).

Reclassification of 'Anaerocellum thermophilum' as Caldicellulosiruptor bescii strain DSM 6725T sp. nov. [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:56:16 PDT

The thermophilic, cellulolytic, anaerobic bacterium 'Anaerocellum thermophilum' strain Z-1320 was isolated from a hot spring almost two decades ago and deposited in the German culture collection (DSMZ) as DSM 6725. The organism was classified as a new genus Anaerocellum primarily based on growth physiology, cell wall type and morphology. The results of recent physiological studies and of phylogenetic and genome sequence analyses of the strain of 'A. thermophilum' obtained from the DSMZ (DSM 6725), henceforth referred to as strain DSM 6725, show that its properties differ from those originally described for strain Z-1320. In particular, compared to Z-1320, DSM 6725 grows at higher temperatures and has an expanded range of growth substrates. Moreover, the 16S rRNA sequence of strain DSM 6725 falls within the Caldicellulosiruptor clade. We therefore reclassify ‘Anaerocellum thermophilum’ as Caldicellulosiruptor bescii sp. nov. (type strain DSM 6725T=ATCC BAA-1888T). C. bescii strain DSM 6725T is the most thermophilic cellulose-degrading organism known. It grows up to 90°C (pH 7.2) and degrades crystalline cellulose and xylan as well as untreated plant biomass, including potential bioenergy plants such as poplar and switchgrass.

Chryseobacterium treverense sp. nov., isolated from human clinical source [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Yassin, A. F., Hupfer, H., Siering, C., Busse, H.-J. — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:56:14 PDT

A yellow pigmented, Gram-reaction-negative bacterium isolated from a human clinical source was investigated in a polyphasic approach in order to clarify its taxonomic status. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the isolate constituted a distinct phyletic line within the genus Chryseobacterium, displaying >2.8 % sequence divergence with recognized Chryseobacterium species. The generic assignment was confirmed by chemotaxonomic data which revealed the presence of fatty acids profile consisting of straight-chain saturated, monounsaturated and branched-chain fatty acids of the iso-/anteiso-types as well as 3-hydroxylated fatty acids; menaquinone with six isoprene units (MK-6) as the predominant respiratory quinone; in the polyamine pattern sym-homospermidine was the predominant compound. The novel isolate was distinguished from other members of the genus Chryseobacterium by using a set of biochemical properties. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic evidence, it is proposed that the isolate be classified as a novel species of the genus Chryseobacterium. The name proposed for the novel species is Chryseobacterium treverense sp. nov., with the type strain IMMIB L-1519T (=DSM 22251T=CCUG 57657T).

Reclassification of Bacteroides ureolyticus as Campylobacter ureolyticus comb. nov. [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Vandamme, P., Debruyne, L., De Brandt, E., Falsen, E. — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:56:15 PDT

The protein profiles, genomic amplified fragment length polymorphism patterns, 16S rRNA and cpn60 gene sequences of a diverse collection of 26 Bacteroides ureolyticus strains, along with published data on its DNA base, respiratory quinone and cellular fatty acid compositions, were used to reassess the taxonomy of this bacterium. The results demonstrate that this organism is most appropriately allocated into the genus Campylobacter. The presence of much higher amounts of 18:17c in its cellular fatty acid profile and its ability to digest gelatine and casein are the characteristics that differentiate it from present Campylobacter species. Therefore we propose to reclassify this species incertae sedis into the genus Campylobacter as Campylobacter ureolyticus with strain LMG 6451T (= CCUG 7319T) as the type strain.

Winogradskyella pacifica sp. nov., a novel bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Kim, S. B., Nedashkovskaya, O. I. — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:56:13 PDT

A novel strain, designated KMM 6019T, was isolated from coastal seawater and subjected to the taxonomic examination using a polyphasic approach. A comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain KMM 6019T formed a distinct phyletic line within the genus Winogradskyella, a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae, phylum Bacteroidetes. A level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the novel isolate and the type strains of the recognized species of the genus Winogradskyella was 94.0-97.8%. Winogradskyella thalassocola KMM 3907T was the closest relative, with 97.8% sequence similarity. The predominant fatty acids of strain KMM 6019T were iso-C15:0, iso-C15:1, anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0 3-OH, iso-C16:0 3-OH, C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and summed feature 3 comprising iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 7c that are characteristic for members of the genus Winogradskyella. The DNA G + C content was 35.3 mol%. Strain KMM 6019T moved by gliding and grew with 1-5% NaCl and at 4-30 °C. The novel strain degraded gelatin, casein and starch and produced acid from cellobiose, D-glucose and maltose. Strain KMM 6019T can clearly be differentiated from the other Winogradskyella species by the ability to utilize inositol and sorbitol and to produce hydrogen sulphide. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic findings, strain KMM 6019T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Winogradskyella, for which the name Winogradskyella pacifica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is KMM 6019T (= KCTC 22997T = LMG 22568T).

Colwellia asteriadis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from Asterias amurensis [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Choi, E. J., Kwon, H. C., Ko, H. Y., Kim, Y. S., Yang, H. O. — Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:56:13 PDT

The marine bacterial strain KMD 002^T was isolated from an Amur starfish Asterias amurensis, collected in the East Sea of Korea. KMD 002^T is a Gram-negative, beige pigmented, rod shaped bacteria. The strain is capable of growth at relatively low temperatures (4-25°C) and over a broad pH range (4.0-10.0). The major fatty acids were determined to be C_16:17c and/or iso-C_15:0 2-OH and C_16:0 and the predominant isoprenoid is Q-8. The DNA G+C content of KMD 002^T is 40.3 mol%. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain KMD 002^T share approximately 94.1-96.7% sequence similarity with members of Colwellia. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain KMD 002^T belongs to the genus Colwellia. However, various phenotypic properties as well as low sequence similarity with known Colwellia species suggests that strain KMD 002^T be recognized as a novel species. The type strain is KMD 002^T (=KCCM 90077^T =JCM 15608^T) for which the name Colwellia asteriadis sp. nov. is proposed.

Deinococcus wulumuqiensis sp. nov., and Deinococcus xibeiensis sp. nov., isolated from radiation-polluted soil [NEW TAXA: Other Bacteria]

Fri, 02 Oct 2009 06:56:13 PDT

The taxonomic positions of two gamma and UV ray-resistant strains isolated from radiation-polluted soil in north-west China were determined in a polyphasic study. The organisms, designed R12 and R13, were Gram-positive, non-sporeforming cocci, which contained MK-8 as major respiratory quinine and C16:17c, C16:0, C17:18c as major fatty acids. The cell wall of R12 and R13 contained ornithine. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rDNA gene sequences and DNA-DNA hybridizations showed that R12 and R13 are members of novel species belonging to the genus Deinococcus, with Deinococcus radiodurans DSM 20539T as its closest relative, The isolates R12 and R13 shared 97% and 97.1% 16S rDNA gene similarity and 29.5 and 33.3% DNA: DNA relatedness with Deinococcus radiodurans DSM 20539T. The DNA G+C content of isolates R12 T and R13T were 66.7 and 63.8%, respectively. On the basis of phenotypic tests and other results, two species, Deinococcus wulumuqiensis sp. nov. (type strain R12T = CGMCC 1.8884T = NBRC105665T) and Deinococcus xibeiensis sp. nov. (type strain R13T = CGMCC 1.8885T = NBRC105666T), are proposed.

Corynebacterium marinum sp. nov. isolated from coastal sediment in Qingdao, China [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Du, Z.-J., Jordan, E. M., Rooney, A. P., Chen, G.-J., Austin, B. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:19 PDT

A taxonomic study was performed on strain D7015T, which was isolated from coastal sediment close to a coal-fired power station in Qingdao, China. Strain D7015T comprised Gram-positive, non-motile diphtheroid rods, which grew in the presence of 0-8% (w/v) NaCl and at 4-37°C, with optimum growth at 1% (w/v) NaCl and 30-32°C. The G+C content was 65.0 mol%. The major fatty acids were C18:19c (56.18%), C16:0 (38.02%), C16:17c (4.45%), C18:0 (1.0%) and C14:0 (0.35%). On the basis of the morphological, physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, strain D7015T was classified in the genus Corynebacterium. It exhibited a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 95.9% and a DNA:DNA relatedness value of 20.4% with Corynebacterium halotolerans DSM 44683T. Strain D7015T was sufficiently different from hitherto described Corynebacterium species to be considered as a novel species. The name Corynebacterium marinum sp. nov. is proposed, with strain D7015T (=CGMCC 1.6998T =NRRL B-24779T) as the type strain.

Saccharopolyspora phatthalungensis sp. nov., isolated from rhizospheric soil of Hevea brasiliensis [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Duangmal, K., Mingma, R., Thamchaipenet, A., Matsumoto, A., Takahashi, Y. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:16 PDT

The taxonomic position of a rhizospheric soil isolate, designated SR8.15^T, was determined using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on an almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain showed that it formed a well-seperated sub-branch within the radiation of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The highest levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity were found between the strain SR8.15^T and Saccharopolyspora shandongensis CGMCC 4.3530^T (98.9 %) and S. spinosa DSM 44228^T (98.5 %). However, these strains shared low DNA-DNA relatedness with each other. The organism was found to have chemical characteristics consistent with its classification in the genus Saccharopolyspora. It contained meso-DAP as the diagnostic diamino acid. Whole cell hydrolysate contained arabinose and galactose. The diagnostic phospholipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. Main menaquinone was MK-9(H₄). No mycolic acid was detected. The predominant cellular fatty acids was iso-C_{16 : 0}. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 70.3 mol %. In addition, the strain SR8.15^T had a phenotypic profile that readily distinguished it from recognized representatives of the genus Saccharopolyspora. It is evident from the combined genotypic and phenotypic properties that strain SR8.15^T represented a novel species of the genus Saccharopolyspora. The proposed name is Saccharopolyspora phatthalungensis sp. nov. (type strain is strain SR8.15^T = TISTR 1921^T = BCC 35844^T = NRRL B-24798^T)

Lactobacillus pobuzihi sp. nov., isolated from pobuzih (fermented cummingcordia) in Taiwan [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Chen, Y.-s., Miyashita, M., Suzuki, K.-i., Sato, H., Hsu, J.-s., Yanagida, F. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:17 PDT

Twenty-one strains of homofermentative lactic acid bacteria were isolated from fermented cummingcordia (pobuzih), a traditional fermented food in Taiwan. The isolated strains had an identical and distinctive 16S rRNA sequence, and their closest neighbor in the phylogenetic tree was Lactobacillus acidipiscis. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments were performed and the values for DNA relatedness between the isolated strains and the L. acidipiscis strains were 17% and below. Furthermore, all isolates were clearly different from L. acidipiscis NBRC 102163T and NBRC 102164 in terms of acid production from L-arabinose, rhamnose, mannitol, lactose, and 5-keto-gluconate. It was concluded that the isolates represent a novel species of the genus Lactobacillus, Lactobacillus pobuzihi sp. nov. (type strain E100301T =RIFY 6501T =NBRC 103219T =KCTC 13174T).

Three species of yeasts: Candida spencermartinsiae, Candida taylori and Pseudozyma abaconensis spp. nov. from mangrove and coral reef ecosystems [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Statzell-Tallman, A., Scorzetti, G., Fell, J. W. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:13 PDT

Three species of yeasts are taxonomically described for strains isolated from marine environments. Candida spencermartinsiae sp. nov. (CBS 10894 T) and Candida taylori sp. nov. (CBS 8508 T) are anamorphic ascomycetous yeasts in a phylogenetic cluster of marine yeasts in the Debaryomyces/Lodderomyces clade of the Saccharomycetales. The two species were isolated from multiple locations among coral reefs and mangrove habitats. Pseudozyma abaconensis sp. nov. (CBS 8380T) is an anamorphic basidiomycete that is related to the smut fungi of the genus Ustilago in the Ustilaginales. P. abaconensis was collected from waters adjacent to a coral reef.

Description of Francisella hispaniensis sp. nov., isolated from human blood, reclassification of Francisella novicida (Larson et al. 1955) Olsufiev et al. 1959 as Francisella tularensis subsp. novicida comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Francisella [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:14 PDT

Francisella sp. FhSp1T (= FnSp1T = FSC454T = F62T), isolated from human blood in Spain (2003), was studied for its taxonomic allocation. By 16S rRNA and recA gene sequencing, this strain was shown to belong to the genus Francisella. In the 16S rRNA gene sequence, Francisella sp. FhSp1T shared similarity values higher than 99 % with Francisella tularensis subspecies and Francisella novicida U112T, 98 % with Francisella piscicida GM2212T and 98.4 % with Francisella philomiragia ATCC 25015T. In the recA gene sequence, Francisella sp. FhSp1T exhibited 91.6-91.7 % similarity to F. tularensis subspecies, 91.2 % to F. novicida U112T and 84 % to F. philomiragia ATCC 25017. The genus affiliation was supported by a quinone system typical of Francisella (Q-8 as the major component), a complex polar lipid profile similar to F. tularensis with the major components phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylcholine (PC) and an unknown aminophospholipid (APL4) and a fatty acid profile consisting mainly of C10:0 (19.1 %), C14:0 (12.4 %), C16:0 (14.6 %), C18:0 3-OH (15.8 %) and C18:1 9c (7.9 %). DNA-DNA hybridization, which unambiguously showed that FhSp1T represents a novel species, and the results of the biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the isolate from all hitherto described Francisella species. A multiplex-PCR developed in the course of this study discriminated FhSp1T from representatives of all other Francisella species and subspecies, clades A.I and A.II of F. tularensis subsp. tularensis and F. tularensis subsp. holarctica biovar japonica and between these representatives as well. Therefore we propose Francisella hispaniensis sp. nov. with the type strain FhSp1T (= DSM 22475T = CCUG 58020T = FnSp1T = FSC454T = F62T). Furthermore, we formally propose to transfer the species F. novicida to the species F. tularensis as F. tularensis subsp. novicida ATCC 15482T = CCUG 33449T = CIP 56.12T.

Massilia jejuensis sp. nov. and Naxibacter suwonensis sp. nov., isolated from air samples [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Weon, H.-Y., Yoo, S.-H., Kim, S.-J., Kim, Y.-S., Anandham, R., Kwon, S.-W. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:18 PDT

Two Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacteria (strains 5317J-18T and 5414S-25T) were isolated from air samples collected in the Jeju Island and Suwon region, respectively. Phylogenetically, strain 5317J-18T was grouped into the genus Massilia with the closest relative, Massilia brevitalea byr23-80T (98.8 % sequence similarity) and strain 5414S-25T was affiliated into the genus Naxibacter with the closest relative, Naxibacter haematophilus CCUG 38318T (98.8 % sequence similarity). The mean DNA-DNA relatedness values between 5317J-18T, and Massilia brevitalea DSM 18925T and Massilia aurea DSM 18055T were 43 and 36 %, respectively. The mean DNA-DNA hydridization values between 5414S-25T, and Naxibacter haematophilus KACC 13771T, Massilia brevitalea DSM 18925T, Massilia timonae DSM 16850T, Naxibacter varians KACC 13770T, Massilia aurea DSM 18055T, Massilia lutea DSM 17473T and Massilia albidiflava DSM 17472T ranged between 33 and 42%. Both strains had ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant isoprenoid quinine, and summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 7c) and C16:0 as the major fatty acids. Both strains also showed the similar polar lipid profiles with phosphatidylethanolamine phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol as the major polar lipids. The DNA G+C contents of strains 5317J-18T and 5414S-25T were 66.1 and 67.8 %, respectively. On the basis of their phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genotypic characteristics, each of two new strains are assigned to novel species of the genera Massilia and Naxibacter, for which the names Massilia jejuensis sp. nov. and Naxibacter suwonensis sp. nov. are proposed. The type strain of Massilia jejuensis is 5317J-18T (=KACC 12634T=DSM 21309T) and the type strain of Naxibacter suwonensis is 5414S-25T (=KACC 12635T=DSM 21311T).

Paenibacillus glacialis sp. nov., isolated from Kafni glacier of Himalayas, India [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Kishore, K. H., Begum, Z., Pathan, A. A. K., Shivaji, S. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:16 PDT

A novel species of the genus Paenibacillus KFC91T was isolated from Kafni glacier of the Himalayas. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that KFC91T clustered with Paenibacilllus antarcticus LMG 22078T (98.9%) and Paenibacillus macquariensis LMG 6935T (98.7%).The cell wall peptidoglycan contained meso-diaminopimelic acid as the diamino acid, anteiso-C15:0 as the predominant fatty acid and MK-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, chemotaxonomic characteristics and other phenotypic traits, strain KFC91T was assigned to the genus Paenibacillus. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments of KFC91T with P. antarcticus and P. macquariensis showed reassociation values of 39 and 52% respectively. Thus, it is proposed that KFC91T may be assigned the status of a novel species of the genus Paenibacillus and the name proposed is Paenibacillus glacialis sp. nov., with KFC91T (=NCCB 100252T=DSM22343T) as the type strain.

Phylogeny of Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus based on universally conserved protein-coding sequences and implications for the taxonomy of these two genera. Proposal of new taxa: X. vietnamensis sp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. caribbeanensis subsp. nov., P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. khanii subsp. nov., P. temperata subsp. tasmaniensis subsp. nov., and the reclassification of P. luminescens subsp. thracensis as P. temperata subsp. thracensis. [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Tailliez, P., Laroui, C., Ginibre, N., Paule, A., Pages, S., Boemare, N. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:18 PDT

We used the information from a set of concatenated sequences from four genes (recA, gyrB, dnaN and gltX) to investigate the phylogeny of the genera Photorhabdus and Xenorhabdus (entomopathogenic bacteria associated with nematodes of the genera Heterorhabditis and Steinernema, respectively). The robustness of the phylogenetic tree obtained by this multigene approach was significantly better than that obtained by a single gene approach. The comparison of the topologies of single gene phylogenetic trees highlighted discrepancies which have implications for the classification of strains and new isolates; in particular, we propose the transfer of P. luminescens subsp. thracensis to 'P. temperata subsp. thracensis subsp. nov.'. We found that, within the genus Xenorhabdus, strains or isolates that shared less than 97% of nucleotide identity (NI), calculated on the concatenated sequences of the four gene fragments (recA, gyrB, dnaN and gltX) encompassing 3395 nucleotides, did not belong to the same species. Thus, at the 97% NI cutoff, we confirm the current 20 Xenorhabdus species and we propose the description of a novel Xenorhabdus species, X. vietnamensis sp. nov. (type strain VN01T). Within each of the three current Photorhabdus species: P. asymbiotica, P. luminescens and P. temperata, strains or isolates which shared less than 97% of nucleotide identity (NI) did not belong to the same subspecies. Comparisons of the four gene fragments plus the rplB gene fragment analysed separately led us to propose four novel subspecies: P. luminescens subsp. caribbeanensis subsp. nov. (type strain HG29T), P. luminescens subsp. hainanensis subsp. nov. (type strain C8404T), P. temperata subsp. khanii subsp. nov. (type strain C1T), and P. temperata subsp. tasmaniensis subsp. nov. (type strain T327T).

Kushneria sinocarnis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a Chinese traditional cured-meat [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Zou, Z., Wang, G. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:14 PDT

A Gram-negative, aerobic, moderately halophilic bacterium, designated strain Z35T, was isolated from a Chinese traditional cured-meat which produced in Wuhan. The isolate grew at NaCl concentration within the range 1-20% (optimum 10%), temperatures from 4 to 42°C (optimum at 37°C) and within a pH range 4.5-8.5 (optimum 7.0). Cells of strain Z35T are non-motile, oval shaped. The genomic DNA G + C content was 59.1 mol%. The isoprenoid quinones were Q9 (88.96%), Q8 (9.46%) and Q10 (1.58%). The major fatty acids were C19 : 0 cyclo 8c, C16 : 0 and C17 : 0 cyclo. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain Z35T was closely related to the type strains of Kushneria species with 93.7-95.3% sequence similarities. Phylogenetic analysis based on 23S rRNA gene sequence similarity values also confirmed the phylogenetic position of the isolate. Therefore, based on the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic evidences, strain Z35T is affiliated to Kushneria, but is clearly differentiated from other species of this genus and represents a novel member, for which the name Kushneria sinocarnis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Z35T (= CCTCC AB 209027T = NRRL B-59197T)

Ruegeria pelagia is a later synonym of Ruegeria mobilis [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Lai, Q., Yuan, J., Li, F., Zheng, T., Shao, Z. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:17 PDT

The 16S rRNA genes of Ruegeria pelagia NBRC 102038T and Ruegeria mobilis NBRC 101030T were resequenced and the result showed that they did have only one different base in almost full length sequence (1425 nt). The gyrB gene sequence similarity between the two strains was high (97.7 %). The outcome of API 20NE, API ZYM and antibiotic susceptibility tests showed that the two strains have only one difference in β-galactosidase activity tested in API and have five differences in antibiotic susceptibility among 30 antibiotics. In addition, similar BOX-PCR fingerprints were obtained and the DNA-DNA relatedness between the two strains was 91±4 %. On the basis of these results, it is concluded that Ruegeria pelagia is a later synonym of Ruegeria mobilis.

Agrococcus terreus sp. nov. and Micrococcus terreus sp. nov., isolated from forest soil [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Zhang, J.-Y., Liu, X.-Y., Liu, S.-J. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:14 PDT

Two bacterial strains, DNG5T and V3M1T, isolated from forest soil of Changbai Mountains in China, were characterized using a polyphasic approach. The analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain DNG5T and V3M1T were phylogenetically related to members of the genus Agrococcus (the similarities ranging from 96.0-98.4%) and Micrococcus (the similarities ranging from 96.7-98.0%), respectively, within the order Actinomycetales. Strains DNG5T and V3M1T were Gram-positive and strictly aerobic, formed yellow-pigment colonies on LB agar. Cells of strain DNG5T were short rod-shaped with size of 0.4-0.5 x 0.8-1.0 µm, non-motile. The strain DNG5T contained MK-10 and MK-11 as the major respiratory quinones and anteiso-C15:0 (40.8%), anteiso-C17: 0 (23.2%) and iso-C16: 0 (22.8%) as the major fatty acids. The diamino acid in the peptidoglycan of strain DNG5T was 2,4-diaminobutyric acid and the murein was of the acetyl type. Cells of strain V3M1T were cocci, with diameter range of 0.6-0.7 µm. Cell wall peptidoglycan of strain V3M1T contained amino acid residues of lysine, glutamic acid, alanine and glycine. The strain V3M1T contained MK-7, MK-7(H2), MK-8 and MK-8(H2) as respiratory quinones and anteiso-C15:0 (78.2%) and iso-C15: 0 (13.1%) as the major cellular fatty acids. The DNA G+C contents of strains DNG5T and V3M1T were 75.9 and 67.2 mol%, respectively. The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain DNG5T to Agrococcus jejuensis JCM 14256T, Agrococcus jenensis JCM 9950T, Agrococcus baldri JCM 12132T and Agrococcus citreus JCM 12398T were 58.3%, 43.9%, 36.1% and 54.1%, respectively. The DNA-DNA relatedness of strain V3M1T to Micrococcus luteus CGMCC 1.2299T, Micrococcus antarcticus CGMCC 1.2373T and Micrococcus lylae CGMCC 1.2300T were 57.5%, 45.4% and 39.0%, respectively. Combining phenotypic and genotypic traits, strain DNG5T represents a novel species of the genus Agrococcus, for which the name Agrococcus terreus is proposed, with DNG5T (=CGMCC 1.6960T = NBRC 104260T) as the type strain. The strain V3M1T represents a novel species of the genus Micrococcus, for which the name Micrococcus terreus is proposed, with V3M1T (=CGMCC 1.7054T = NBRC 104258T) as the type strain.

Arthrobacter antarcticus sp. nov., isolated from a sediment from the Antarctic sea [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Pindi, P. K., Manorama, R., Begum, Z., Shivaji, S. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:16 PDT

The bacterial strain SPC26^T was isolated from a sediment sample from the Antarctic sea. The strain is Gram-positive, catalase positive and contains lysine and alanine in the peptidoglycan. Major cellular fatty acid are anteiso-C15:0 (54.92%), iso-C15:0 (11.47%), anteiso-C17:0 (6.48%), anteiso-C15:1 (6.38%), and the major menaquinones are MK-8, MK-9 and MK-10. Mol % G + C content is 68±0.5 and contains phosphatidylethanolamine and diphosphatidylglycerol as major polar lipids. Based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity the nearest phylogenetic neighbours of SPC26^T were identified as Arthrobacter gangotriensis DSM 15796^T, Arthrobacter sulfureus DSM 20167^T, Arthrobacter psychrophenolicus DSM 15454^T and Arthrobacter kerguelensis DSM 15797^T respectively. SPC26^T showed 36%, 21%, 12% and 10% DNA-DNA relatedness with the above nearest phylogenetic neighbours. Therefore, on the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons, phylogenetic analysis, phenotypic characteristics and DNA-DNA relatedness study, it is proposed that the strain is a represents a novel species of Arthrobacter, for which the name Arthrobacter antarcticus sp. nov. is proposed with SPC26^T as the type strain (LMG 24542^T =NCCB 100228^T)

Francisella asiatica sp. nov. isolated from farmed tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) and elevation of Francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis to species rank as Francisella noatunensis comb. nov., sp. nov. [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Mikalsen, J., Colquhoun, D. J. — Fri, 25 Sep 2009 07:11:18 PDT

Bacterial isolates from diseased farmed tilapia (Oreochromis sp.) from Costa Rica (PQ 1104), Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar) from Chile (PQ 1106) and three-line grunt (Parapristipoma trilineatum) from Japan (Ehime-1) were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. These isolates were Gram-negative, oxidase negative, non-motile, strictly aerobic cocco-bacilli, produced H2S from cysteine supplemented media, which is phenotypically consistent with the genus Francisella. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences and five partial housekeeping gene sequences (groEL, shdA, rpoB, rpoA and pgm) confirmed these isolates to be members of the genus Francisella, with high 16S rRNA similarity (> 99 %) to Francisella philomiragia subsp noatunensis, F. piscicida and Francisella philomiragia subsp philomiragia isolates. Despite the close 16s rRNA relationship with the aforementioned Francisella taxa, isolates PQ 1104 and Ehime-1 form a separate clade on phylogenetic analysis of the 16s rRNA gene and all housekeeping genes investigated, whereas isolate PQ 1106 is highly similar to F. philomiragia subsp noatunensis (NCIMB 14265T) and F. piscicida (DSM 18777T). DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed mean reassociation values of 60.3 and 72.6 % between isolate PQ 1104 and F. philomiragia subsp noatunensis (NCIMB 14265T) and F. philomiragia subsp philomiragia (ATCC 25015), respectively. Thus, on the basis of molecular genetic evidence, we propose that isolates PQ 1104 and Ehime-1 should be recognised as Francisella asiatica sp. nov. with type strain PQ 1104T (NCIMB and CCUG number not received yet). No separation between F. piscicida and F. philomiragia subsp noatunensis were identified by the same methods and these species constitute heterotypic synonyms for which the epithet noatunensis has priority. However, given the increased evidence of ecological differentiation within the F. philomiragia group and the existence of a specific fish pathogenic clade, we propose that the F. philomiragia subsp noatunensis be elevated to species level as F. noatunensis comb. nov., sp.

Haloplanus vescus sp. nov., an extremely halophilic archaeon from a marine solar saltern, and emended description of the genus Haloplanus [NEW TAXA: Archaea]

Cui, H.-L., Gao, X., Li, X.-Y., Xu, X.-W., Zhou, Y.-G., Liu, H.-C., Zhou, P.-J. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:45 PDT

An extremely halophilic archaeon, strain RO5-8T, was isolated from a disused marine solar saltern in China. The cells were pleomorphic, flat and in static liquid medium the cells float to the surface. Strain RO5-8T stained Gram-negative and the colonies were pink-pigmented. It was able to grow at 30-50°C (optimum 40°C), at 2.6-4.3 M NaCl (optimum 3.1 M NaCl), at 0.03-0.5 M MgCl2 (optimum 0.03 M MgCl2) and at pH 5.5-7.5 (optimum pH 6.0-6.5). Cells lyse in distilled water and the minimal NaCl concentration to prevent cell-lysis is 12 % (w/v). The major polar lipids of strain RO5-8T were PG (phosphatidylglycerol), PGP-Me (phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester), PGS (phosphatidylglycerol sulfate) and one major glycolipid chromatographically identical to S-DGD-1. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain RO5-8T was closely related to three srains of Haloplanus natans with similarities of 97.3 %-97.6 %. The DNA G+C content of strain RO5-8T is 62.1 mol%. The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strain RO5-8T and Haloplanus natans JCM 14081T was 51.6 %. It was concluded that strain RO5-8T represents a novel species of the genus Haloplanus, for which the name Haloplanus vescus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RO5-8T (= CGMCC 1.8712T = JCM 16055T).

Thermosporothrix hazakensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from compost and description of Thermosporotrichaceae fam. nov. within the class Ktedonobacteria [NEW TAXA: Other Bacteria]

Yabe, S., Aiba, Y., Sakai, Y., Hazaka, M., Yokota, A. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:46 PDT

We isolated from compost a strain of aerobic, thermophilic, gram-positive, branched vegetative and aerial mycelia and spore-forming bacteria. This strain, designated SK20-1 T, grew at a temperature between 31-58 °C, with an optimum growth temperature at 50°C, while no growth was observed below 28°C or above 60°C. The pH range for growth was 5.4-8.7, the pH for optimum growth being 7.0, while no growth was observed below pH 5.0 or above 9.1. Strain SK20-1 T was able to hydrolyse polysaccharides such as cellulose, xylan and chitin. The DNA G+C content of SK20-1 T was 54.0 mol %. The major fatty acid found was C17:0 iso and the major menaquinone was MK-9 (H2). Cell wall contains glutamic acid, serine, alanine and ornithine in a molar ratio of 1.00: 1.07: 2.64: 0.83. The polar lipids consist of phosphatidylinositol, phospatidylinositolmannosides, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. Cell wall sugars were rhamnose and mannose. Detailed phylogenetic analysis based on their 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain SK20-1 T belongs to the class Ktedonobacteria, and that the strain is most closely related to Ktedonobacter racemifer SOSP1-21 T (88.5%). On the basis of phenotypic features and phylogenetic position, we propose SK20-1 T to be a novel genus and species, Thermosporothrix hazakensis gen. nov., sp. nov., within the new family Thermosporotrichaceae fam. nov. (JCM 16142 T =ATCC BAA-1881 T). In addition, we formally propose classification of the class Ktedonobacteria in the phylum Chloroflexi.

Streptomyces osmaniensis sp. nov., a novel streptomycete from soil in south India [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Reddy, T. V. K., Mahmood, S., Idris, M. M., Ciesielski, S. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:49 PDT

A new actinomycete strain, designated OU-63T, was isolated from a garden soil collected on the campus of Osmania University in Hyderabad, south India. The strain was found to have morphological and chemotaxonomic characteristics typical of the genus Streptomyces. A phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that the strain belonged to the genus Streptomyces, being most closely related to Streptomyces chartreusis NBRC 12753T. However, the DNA-DNA relatedness between the two strains was only 25 %. Based on DNA-DNA relatedness, morphological and phenotypic data, strain OU-63T could be distinguished from the type strains of phylogenetically related species. It is therefore considered that strain OU-63T (= CCTCC AA209025T = PCM 2690T) represents a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces osmaniensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Arenicella xantha gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel gammaproteobacterium isolated from a marine sandy sediment from the Sea of Japan [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Romanenko, L. A., Tanaka, N., Frolova, G. M., Mikhailov, V. V. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:48 PDT

A Gram-negative, aerobic, yellow-pigmented, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium KMM 3895T was isolated from a marine sandy sample collected from the Sea of Japan offshore. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence placed strain KMM 3895T in the class Gammaproteobacteria, forming a separate branch, sharing 89.5% sequence similarity to Nitrincola lacisaponensis 4CAT and 88-87% similarity to the other members of the cluster, including Kangiella, Spongiibacter, Alcanivorax, and Microbulbifer. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, aminophospholipid and an unknown phospholipid. Fatty acid analysis revealed C16:17, iso-C16:0, iso-C18:0, and C18:17 as dominant components. The DNA G+C content was determined to be 48.1 mol%. Based on a unique phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic distance, marine coastal sediment isolate KMM 3895T should be classified as a representative of a novel genus and species, for which the name Arenicella xantha gen nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is KMM 3895T (=NRIC 0759T =JCM 16153T).

Haliea mediterranea sp. nov., a new marine gammaproteobacterium [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Lucena, T., Pascual, J., Garay, E., Arahal, D. R., Macian, M. C., Pujalte, M. J. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:48 PDT

Strain 7SM29T, an aerobic marine gammaproteobacterium isolated from seawater from Castellón, Spain, has been characterized by classical phenotyping, chemotaxonomy, and 16S rRNA sequence analysis and has been found to be closely related to species in the genus Haliea, as well as to 'Congregibacter litoralis', forming a genus level grouping within the NOR5/OM60 clade of Gammaproteobacteria. The strain is a short, motile rod, with a tuft of three polar flagella that grows on Marine Agar forming pale yellow colonies. It requires NaCl for growth, reduces nitrate to nitrite, degrades several polymers and grows preferentially by using organic acids and amino acids as carbon and energy sources. It contains Q8 as sole respiratory quinone. Its DNA G+C content is 62.1 mol%. Phosphatidyl glycerol, diphosphatidyl glycerol and phosphatidyl ethanolamine are the typical polar lipids. Major cellular fatty acids are unsaturated C18, 17 and 16. On the basis of extensive phenotypic and phylogenetic comparative analysis, it is concluded that the strain represents a new species on the genus Haliea, for which the name H. mediterranea is proposed. The type strain is 7SM29T (=CECT 7447T = DSM 21924T).

Verrucosispora sediminis sp. nov., a novel cyclodipeptide-producing actinomycete from the South China Sea [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:45 PDT

An actinomycete, designated strain MS426T, whose broth showed potent antimicrobial activity, was isolated from a deep sea sediment sample of the South China Sea. An almost complete sequence of the 16S rRNA gene of strain MS426T was determined following direct sequencing of the amplified gene. The sequence was aligned with those of representatives of the family Micromonosporaceae available in the public databases, and phylogenetic trees were inferred by using three algorithms. The organism branched adjacent to Verrucosispora lutea YIM 013T, forming a distinct cluster within the evolutionary radiation occupied by the genus Verrucosispora. Strain MS426T was also readily distinguished from both of the validly described species classified in this taxon by using a combination of chemical and morphological markers, and by using DNA-DNA relatedness data. On the basis of these genotypic and phenotypic differences, the name Verrucosispora sediminis sp. nov. is proposed for a new antimicrobial strain with pharmaceutical potential. The type strain is MS426T (= CGMCC 4.3550T = JCM 15670T).

Saccharomonospora marina sp. nov., isolated from an ocean sediment in the East China Sea [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Liu, Z., Li, Y., Zheng, L.-Q., Huang, Y.-J., Li, W.-J. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:49 PDT

A novel aerobic, Gram-positive actinomycete strain, designed XMU15T, was isolated from an ocean sediment collected from Zhaoan Bay in the East China Sea, and it was subjected to a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. The isolate grew optimally at 28°C and pH 7.0 with the presence of 3%(w/v) NaCl on ISP medium 2. Gelatin liquefaction, milk coagulation, and nitrate reduction are positive, and catalase, cellulose hydrolysis, hydrogen sulfide melanin production, starch hydrolysis, urease activity and oxidase are negative. The predominant menaquinone of the isolate was MK-9 (H4), and meso-DAP was its diagnostic amino acid in the cell wall. The phospholipids of the isolate comprised diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG), phosphoglycerides (PG), phosphatidylinositol (PI), and a minor amout of phosphatidyl ethanolamine (PE). The major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16:0 (26.36 %), C17:16c (16.80 %), C15:0 (16.2 %), C16:0 (8.90 %), C17:18c (7.69 %) and iso-C16:1H (5.95 %). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 68.1 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolate fell within the evolutionary radiation encompassed by the genus Saccharomonospora, and it showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (96.7%) to S. xinjiangensis DSM 44391T. Based on the results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and phenotypic and genotypic characterisation, strain XMU15T (=KCTC 19701T =CCTCC AA 209048T) represents a novel species of the genus Saccharomonospora, for which the name Saccharomonospora marina sp. nov., is proposed.

Proposal of Brevundimonas halotolerans sp. nov., Brevundimonas poindexterae sp. nov. and Brevundimonas staleyi sp. nov., prosthecate bacteria from aquatic habitats [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Abraham, W.-R., Estrela, A. B., Nikitin, D. I., Smit, J., Vancanneyt, M. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:47 PDT

Eight strains of Gram-negative, bacteroid-shaped, prosthecate bacteria, isolated from brackish water (MCS24^T, MCS17, MCS35), the marine environment (CM260, CM272, CM282), and activated sludge (FWC40^T, FWC43^T), were characterized using a polyphasic approach. Analysis of 16S rRNA genes determined that all strains were affiliated to the alphaproteobacterial genus Brevundimonas forming three distinct phyletic lineages within the genus. The strains grew best with 5-30 g l^-1 NaCl at 20-30°C. G+C content values for all type strains were between 65% and 67 mol%, found to be in accordance to values previously reported for other species of the genus. Moreover, chemotaxonomic data, physiological and biochemical tests, allowed the phenotypic differentiation and proposal of three new species within the genus Brevundimonas: B. halotolerans sp. nov. MCS24^T (LMG 25346^T, CCUG 58273^T), B. poindexterae sp. nov. FWC40^T (= LMG 25261^T = CCUG 57883^T) and B. staleyi sp. nov. FWC43^T (= LMG 25262^T = CCUG 57884^T).

Three new species of Dactylosporangium isolated from soil: Dactylosporangium luridum sp. nov., Dactylosporangium luteum sp. nov. and Dactylosporangium salmoneum sp. nov. [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Kim, B.-Y., Stach, J. E. M., Weon, H.-Y., Kwon, S.-W., Goodfellow, M. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:46 PDT

Forty strains isolated from soil taken from a hay meadow were assigned to the genus Dactylosporangium on the basis of colonial properties. 16S rRNA gene sequencing showed that the isolates formed a group that was most closely related to the type strain of Dactylosporangium aurantiacum, but well separated from other Dactylosporangium type strains and from 'Dactylosporangium salmoneum' NRRL B-16294. Twelve out of thirteen representative isolates had identical 16S rRNA gene sequences and formed a subclade that was distinct from corresponding phyletic lines composed of the remaining isolate, strain BK63, the 'Dactylosporangium salmoneum' strain and each of the Dactylosporangium type strains. DNA:DNA relatedness data showed that representatives of the multimembered 16S rRNA subclade, isolate BK63 and the 'Dactylosporangium salmoneum' subclade formed distinct genomic species; all of these organisms had chemotaxonomic and morphological properties consistent with their classification in the genus Dactylosporangium. They were also distinguished from one another and from the Dactylosporangium type strains using a range of phenotypic properties. The combined genotypic and phenotypic data showed that isolate BK63, isolates BK51, BK53 and BK69, and strain NRRL B-16294 should be classified in the genus Dactylosporangium as novel species. The names proposed for these taxa are Dactylosporangium luridum sp. nov., Dactylosporangium luteum sp. nov. and Dactylosporangium salmoneum sp. nov.; the respective type strains of these species are BK63T(= DSM 45324T = KACC 20933T = NRRL B-24775T), BK51T (= DSM 45323T = KACC 20899T = NRRL B-24774T) and NRRL B-16294T (= ATCC 31222T = DSM 43910T = JCM 3272T = NBRC 14103T).

Marinobacterium lutimaris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal-flat of the Yellow Sea [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Kim, J. M., Lee, S. H., Jung, J. Y., Jeon, C. O. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:47 PDT

A Gram-staining-negative, motile moderate halophilic bacterium with a single polar flagellum, designated strain AN9T, was isolated from a tidal flat of the Taean coast in South Korea. Cells were short rods showing catalase- and oxidase-positive reactions. Growth of strain AN9T was observed between 15 and 40 °C (optimum, 25-30 °C) and between pH 6.0 and 8.0 (optimum, pH 6.5-7.5). Strain AN9T contained ubiquinone Q-8 as the predominant isoprenoid quinone and C10:0 3-OH (31.7 %), C18:17c (24.8 %), C16:0 (14.7 %) and summed feature 3 (comprising a mixture of C16:1 7c and/or iso-C15:0 2-OH, 10.72 %) as the major fatty acids, respectively. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 58 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain AN9T was related to members of the genus Marinobacterium and was most closely related to Marinobacterium litorale IMCC1877T with 96.8 % sequence similarity. On the basis of chemotaxonomic and molecular data, strain AN9T represents a novel species of the genus Marinobacterium , for which the name Marinobacterium lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AN9T (=KACC 13703T = DSM 22012T ).

Reclassification of 'Microscilla tractuosa' (ex Lewin 1969) Reichenbach 1989 and 'Microscilla sericea' (ex Lewin 1969) Reichenbach 1989 in the genus Marivirga gen. nov. as Marivirga tractuosa nom. rev., comb. nov. and Marivirga sericea nom. rev., comb. nov. [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Nedashkovskaya, O. I., Vancanneyt, M., Kim, S. B., Bae, K. S. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:50 PDT

The taxonomic position of the misclassified strains '[Microscilla] tractuosa' KCTC 2958T and '[Microscilla] sericea' LMG 13021T was studied using a polyphasic approach. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that their 16S rRNA gene sequences shared 99.1% similarity. The DNA-DNA reassociation value between '[Microscilla] tractuosa' and '[Microscilla] sericea' LMG 13021T was 28%. On the basis of the phylogenetic evidence supported by genotypic and phenotypic data '[Microscilla] tractuosa' KCTC 2958T and '[Microscilla] sericea' LMG 13021T should be classified as two distinct species of a novel genus, for which the names Marivirga tractuosa nom. rev., comb. nov. and Marivirga sericea nom. rev., comb. nov. are proposed, with strains KCTC 2958T (=ATCC 23168T =CIP 106410T =DSM 4126T =NBRC 15989T =NCIMB 1408T =VKM B-1430T) and LMG 13021T (=ATCC 23182T =NBRC 15983T =NCIMB 1403T), respectively, as the type strains. The type species is Marivirga tractuosa.

Natronorubrum sediminis sp. nov., an archaeon isolated from a saline lake [NEW TAXA: Archaea]

Gutierrez, C., Castillo, A. M., Corral, P., Minegishi, H., Ventosa, A. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:45 PDT

Two novel haloalkaliphilic archaea, strains CG-6T and CG-4, were isolated from the sediment of the salt lake Chagannor in Inner Mongolia, China. Cells of the two strains were pleomorphic, non-motile and strictly aerobic. They required at least 2.5 M NaCl for growth with an optimum at 3.4 M NaCl, and grew at a pH range from 8.0 to 11.0, with an optimum at pH 9.0. Hypotonic treatment with less than 1.5 M NaCl caused cell lysis. They had similar polar lipid composition, possessing the C20C20 and C20C25 derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol phosphate and phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester. No glycolipids were detected. Comparison of 16S rRNA sequences and morphological features placed them in the genus Natronorubrum. Their 16S rRNA sequence similarities with the recognized species of the genus Natronorubrum were 96.2 to 93.8 %. Detailed phenotypic characterization and DNA-DNA hybridization studies revealed that the two strains belong to a new species in the genus Natronorubrum, for which the name Natronorubrum sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CG-6T (=CECT 7487T = CGMCC 1.8981T = JCM 15982T).

Bacteroides clarus sp. nov., Bacteroides fluxus sp. nov. and Bacteroides oleiciplenus sp. nov., isolated from human faeces [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Watanabe, Y., Nagai, F., Morotomi, M., Sakon, H., Tanaka, R. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:50 PDT

Three Gram-stain-negative, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacteria (strains YIT 12056^T, YIT 12057^T and YIT 12058^T)were isolated from human faeces. These strains were characterized by phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequence and phenotypic analyses. 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses revealed that strains YIT 12056^T, YIT 12057^T and YIT 12058^T were most closely related to Bacteroides gallinarum, Bacteroides uniformis and Bacteroides intestinalis with approximate similarity values of 96.6, 95.0 and 96.7 %, respectively. The DNA G + C contents were 45.3 (YIT 12056^T), 45.2 (YIT 12057^T) and 43.6 mol% (YIT 12058^T) and major respiratory quinones of all three isolates were menaquinones MK-10 and MK-11. These properties were typical for the genus Bacteroides. Results of the other phenotypic analyses also supported the affiliation of these strains to the genus Bacteroides. The results of 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, analysis of the major cellular fatty acids and other biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of the strains. Based on these data, three novel species, Bacteroides clarus sp. nov., Bacteroides fluxus sp. nov. and Bacteroides oleiciplenus sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains of B. clarus, B. fluxus and B. oleiciplenus are YIT 12056^T (= JCM 16067^T = DSM 22519^T), YIT 12057^T (= JCM 16101^T = DSM 22534^T) and YIT 12058^T (= JCM 16102^T = DSM 22535^T), respectively.

Falsibacillus pallidus to replace the homonym Bacillus pallidus Zhou et al. 2008 [INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Taxonomic Notes]

Zhou, Y., Xu, J., Xu, L., Tindall, B. J. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:50 PDT

The prokaryotic species name Bacillus pallidus Zhou et al. 2008 is illegitimate because it is a later homonym of the name Bacillus pallidus Scholz et al. 1988 (Bacteria: Firmicutes: Bacillales: Bacillaceae: Bacillus). Although Bacillus pallidus Scholz et al. 1988 has been transferred to the genus Geobacillus as Geobacillus pallidus comb. nov. in 2004, the species name Bacillus pallidus Scholz et al 1988 remains validly published and has priority at that position [Principle 8 of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)]. In order to solve this problem a new name was sought from this taxon, represented by the type strain CW 7T. In addition the placement of this species in the genus Bacillus was re-examined. On the basis of a re-examination of the data collected during the course of a polyphasic taxonomic study, it was concluded, primarily based on the chemotaxonomic data, that this species did not belong to the genus Bacillus, but should be placed in a new genus, for which we propose the name Falsibacillus gen. nov., comprising a single species Falsibacillus pallidus, represented by the type strain CW 7T (= KCTC 13200T =CCTCC AB 207188T =LMG 24451T).

Campylobacter volucris sp. nov., isolated from black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Debruyne, L., Broman, T., Bergstrom, S., Olsen, B., On, S. L. W., Vandamme, P. — Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:51 PDT

During a study of the prevalence of Campylobacter jejuni in black-headed gulls (Larus ridibundus) in Sweden, three isolates were initially identified as Campylobacter lari. Further characterization by both AFLP and whole-cell protein SDS-PAGE analysis revealed that they formed a distinct group in the Campylobacter genus. This unique position was confirmed by phenotypic characterization, 16S rRNA and hsp60 gene sequence analysis, and DNA-DNA hybridisations. The combined data confirm that these isolates represent a novel species within the genus Campylobacter, for which the name Campylobacter volucris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 24380T (=CCUG 57498T).

Parapedobacter luteus sp. nov. and Parapedobacter composti sp. nov., isolated from cotton waste compost in Korea [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:48 PDT

Two aerobic, Gram-reaction-negative, non-spore-forming, bacterial strains 4M29T and 4M40T were isolated from cotton composts. Both strains grew with 0-5 % (w/v) NaCl, at pH 6.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and at 15-45 °C (optimum, 30 °C). The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the two isolates was 97.1 %. Strains 4M29T and 4M40T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Parapedobacter koreensis Jip14T (95.6 and 94.4 %, respectively) and Parapedobacter soli DCY14T (95.2 and 93.8 %, respectively). The DNA-DNA hybridization value between strains 4M29T and 4M40T was 38 %. Both strains contained iso-C15:0, summed feature 3 (comprising iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 7c) and iso-C17:0 3-OH as the major fatty acids, MK-7 as the major respiratory quinone, homospermidine as the only polyamine and phosphatidylethanolamine as the major polar lipid. The DNA G+C content of strains 4M29T and 4M40T was 47.6 and 48.6 mol%, respectively. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic data, strains 4M29T and 4M40T are described as two novel species of the genus Parapedobacter, for which the names Parapedobacter luteus sp. nov. (type strain 4M29T=KACC 10955T =JCM 15977T), and Parapedobacter composti sp. nov. (type strain 4M40T = KACC 10972T =JCM 15978T) are proposed.

Chryseobacterium solincola sp. nov., isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Fri, 18 Sep 2009 07:44:51 PDT

A Gram-staining-negative, yellow-pigmented, strictly aerobic bacterial strain, designated 1YB-R12T, was isolated from a soil sample in western Algeria. The novel isolate was heterotrophic, chemo-organotrophic, halotolerant and psychrotolerant. The temperature and pH optima for growth were 28-30°C and pH 7.3-8, respectively. The bacterium tolerated up to 6% (w/v) NaCl. Cells were non-motile, non-gliding, non-spore-forming, characterized by a variable morphological cycle. Flexirubin-like pigments could not be detected. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain 1YB-R12T occupied a distinct lineage within the genus Chryseobacterium sharing 96.5% sequence similarity with Chryseobacterium haifense LMG 24029T. The DNA G+C content was 40.9 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 (41.4%) and iso-C15:0 (14.4%). On the basis of phenotypic properties and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain 1YB-R12T is proposed as a novel species in the genus Chryseobacterium, for which the name Chryseobacterium solincola sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1YB-R12T (= DSM 1183T = CCUG 55604T).

Pusillimonas ginsengisoli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Srinivasan, S., Kim, M. K., Sathiyaraj, G., Kim, Y.-J., Yang, D.-C. — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:01:25 PDT

Two novel strains DCY25T and DCY28 of Gram-negative, non-sporulating, short rod-shaped, motile bacteria were isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea and characterized in order to determine their taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis proved that strains DCY25T and DCY28 belong to the Betaproteobacteria, and the highest sequence similarities were found with Pusillimonas noertemannii BN9T (96.9%), Bordetella trematum DSM 11334T (95.9%), Achromobacter denitrificans DSM 30026T (95.9%), Achromobacter insolitus LMG 6003T (95.8%) and Pigmentiphaga kullae DSM 13608T (95.5%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that both strains DCY25T and DCY28 possess ubiquinone Q-8. Fatty acid analysis of strain DCY25T demonstrated the presence of high concentrations of 19:0 cyclo 8c (22.8%) and 16:0 (16.6%). The polar lipids profile of strains DCY25T and DCY28 include predominantly phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), followed by phosphatidylglycerol (PG), and moderate amounts of two unknown amino-lipids and diphosphatidylglycerol (DPG). The G+C content of strains DCY25T and DCY28 were 57.3 and 57.2 mol%, respectively. The DNA-DNA relatedness values, biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strains DCY25T and DCY28 from Pusillimonas noertemannii. Based on these data, DCY25T (= KCTC 22046T = JCM 14767T) and DCY28 (= KCTC 22047 = JCM 14768) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Pusillimonas ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed.

Marinitoga litoralis sp. nov., a novel thermophilic heterotrophic bacterium isolated from a coastal thermal spring of Saint-Paul island, Southern Indian Ocean [NEW TAXA: Other Bacteria]

Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:01:25 PDT

A novel thermophilic, anaerobic and organotrophic bacterium, designed strain MC3^T, was isolated from a coastal thermal spring of Saint-Paul island, Southern Indian Ocean. Cells of strain MC3^T were motile rods, 0.8-1.0µm in width and 1.0-2.4 µm in length during exponential phase and until 7.0 µm long during stationary phase. Strain MC3^T was an anaerobic organotrophic able to use diverse organic compounds. It was also able to reduce sulfur to sulfide. Growth was observed at temperatures ranging from 45 to 70°C (optimum at 60°C), between pH 5.5 and 7.5 (optimum at pH 6) and from 8 to 46 g l^-1 NaCl (optimum at 26 g l^-1). The total G+C content of the genomic DNA was 26.2 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison indicated that strain MC3^T was affiliated to the genus Marinitoga within the order Thermotogales. It shared 94.4-95.7 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with other Marinitoga species, and Marinitoga hydrogenitolerans was found to be the most closely related organism. Based on the data from the phylogenetic analysis and the physiological properties of the novel isolate, strain MC3T should be classified as representing a novel species for which the name Marinitoga litoralis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MC3T ( =DSM 21709T=JCM 15581T).

Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae sp. nov., isolated from the faeces of pill millipede Arthrosphaera magna Attems from India [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:01:24 PDT

A bacterial strain (CC-VM-7T), isolated from the faeces of pill millipede Arthrosphaera magna Attems collected in India was studied for its taxonomic allocation. The cells stained Gram-negative and were rod shaped. Comparative analyses of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of the strain with those of the most closely related species clearly showed the allocation to the genus Chryseobacterium, with the highest sequence similarities of 99.2% to of Chryseobacterium gleum CCUG 14555T, 98.6% to Chryseobacterium indologenes CCUG 14556T, and 98.4% to Chryseobacterium aquifrigidense KCTC 12894T. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to all other Chryseobacterium species were below 98%. The major whole cell fatty acids were 15:0 iso and 17:1 iso 9c. DNA-DNA hybridisation resulted in similarities of only 29.6% (reciprocal 31.3%) to Chryseobacterium gleum, 41.2% (reciprocal 38.8%) to C. indologenes, and 35.4% (reciprocal 38.5%) to C. aquifrigidense. DNA-DNA similarities, biochemical, and chemotaxonomic properties cleary show that strain CC-VM-7T represents a novel species, for which the name Chryseobacterium arthrosphaerae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CC-VM-7T (=CCUG 57618T=CCM 7645T).

Vibrio casei sp. nov., isolated from the surface of two French red smear soft cheeses [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Bleicher, A., Neuhaus, K., Scherer, S. — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:01:22 PDT

Three Gram-negative, rod shaped, catalase and oxidase positive, facultatively anaerobic and motile bacteria, WS 4538, WS 4539^T and WS 4540 were isolated from the surface of two fully ripened French red smear soft cheeses. Based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, all three strains were shown to belong to the genus Vibrio. They are most closely related to Vibrio rumoiensis S-1^T (96.3 %) and Vibrio litoralis MANO22D^T (95.9 %). DNA-DNA hybridisation confirmed that all three isolates belong to the same species and clearly separated WS 4539^T from V. rumoiensis S-1^T (38-42 % similarity) and V. litoralis MANO22D^T (28-37 % similarity). In contrast to their next relatives, the strains exhibited β-galactosidase and esculin hydrolase activity. A 14 bp insertion in the 16S rRNA gene sequence forms an elongated structure at helix 10 in the rRNA molecule and provides a tool for PCR based identification of the novel species. Partial sequences of the housekeeping genes atpA, recA, rpoA and pyrH supported the three isolates to constitute a separate species within the genus Vibrio. The name Vibrio casei is proposed for the novel taxon. WS 4539^T (= DSM 22364^T = LMG 25240^T, DNA G+C content of 41.8 %) is the type strain and WS 4540 (= DSM 22378 = LMG 25241) is the reference strain.

Chitinibacter alvei sp. nov., isolated from stream water [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Yang, C.-S., Sheu, S.-Y., Young, C.-C., Arun, A. B., Cheng, C.-Y., Chen, W.-M. — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:01:23 PDT

A Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium designated TNR-14T was isolated from the water sample of a stream located in southern Taiwan. Cells were rod shaped, motile by means of a polar-flagellum. The isolate exhibited optimum growth at 20 °C, 0 % NaCl and pH 7.0. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the genus Chitinibacter and its only closest neighbour was the type strain of Chitinibacter tainanensis (96.0 %). Predominant cellular fatty acids were summed feature 3 (16:1 7c and/or 16:1 6c; 54.03%) and 16: 0 (27.22%). The DNA G+C content was 57.5 mol%. The results of physiological, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic data allowed clear phenotypic differentiation of this isolate from already described Chitinibacter species. Hence this strain should be classified as a second new species in the genus Chitinibacter in Neisseriaceae. The name Chitinibacter alvei sp. nov. is proposed for the novel species, with TNR-14T (=LMG 25206T= DSM 22217T= BCRC 17968 T) as the type strain.

Succinatimonas hippei gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human faeces [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Morotomi, M., Nagai, F., Watanabe, Y., Tanaka, R. — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:01:25 PDT

A novel, strictly anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile, non-flagellated, rod-shaped Gram-negative bacteria (YIT 12066^T) was isolated from human faeces. The cells were negative for catalase, oxidase, urease, hydrolysis of aesculin and gelatin, nitrate reduction and indole production. The major end products of glucose metabolism were succinate and acetate. The major cellular fatty acids (>10 %) were C_14:0, C_18:17c, C_18:19c, C_16:17c and C_16:0. The G+C content of the DNA was 40.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain YIT 12066^T was related most closely to the members of the family Succinivibrionaceae, with sequence similarity values of 92-87%. On the contrary, some phenotypic characteristics such as cellular morphology and major fatty acids profile of strain YIT 12066^T were markedly different from those of other members of the family Succinivibrionaceae. On the basis of both phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, strain YIT 12066^T represents a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Succinatimonas hippei gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIT 12066^T (= DSM 22608^T = JCM 16073^T).

Amorphus orientalis sp. nov., an exopolysaccharide-producing bacterium isolated from salt mine sediment [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:01:21 PDT

A Gram-negative, moderately halophilic, non-motile, aerobic bacterium, designated strain YIM D10T, was isolated from a salt mine sediment sample in Yunnan, south-west China. The strain grew optimally in the present of 3-8 % NaCl, at 28 °C and pH 7.5. The polar lipid profile of strain YIM D10T comprised diphosphatidylglycerol, an unknown phospholipid and two unknown aminolipids. The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1 7c (30.5 %), C19:0 cyclo 8c (29.3 %) and C18:0 (13.2 %). The respiratory quinone was ubiquinone 10 (Q-10). The genomic DNA G+C content was 65.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain YIM D10T was closely to Amorphus coralli RS.Sph.026T (96.8 % gene sequence similarity). All those features confirmed the placement of the isolate YIM D10T within the genus Amorphus. However DNA-DNA hybridization between strain YIM D10T and the only recognized species of the genus Amorphus, A. coralli RS.Sph.026T was 16.7 %, showing clearly that the isolate constitutes a new genospecies. Strain YIM D10T could be clearly differentiated from A. coralli and other phylogenetic neighbours on the basis of some phenotypic, genotypic and chemotaxonomic features. Therefore, strain YIM D10T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Amorphus, for which the name Amorphus orientalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain YIM D10T (=DSM 21202T=CCTCC AA 208035T).

Listeria marthii sp. nov., isolated from the natural environment, Finger Lakes National Forest [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:01:23 PDT

Four isolates (FSL S4-120T, FSL S4-696, FSL S4-710, and FSL S4-965) of Gram-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, non-sporeforming bacilli that were phenotypically similar to Listeria spp. were isolated from soil, standing water, and flowing water samples obtained from the natural environment in the Finger Lakes National Forest, New York, USA. The four isolates were closely related to one another and were determined to be the same species by whole genome DNA-DNA hybridization studies (>82% relatedness at 55 °C and >76% relatedness at 70°C with 0.0-0.5% divergence). 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis confirmed their close phylogenetic relatedness to L. monocytogenes and L. innocua and more distant relatedness to L. welshimeri, L. seeligeri, L. ivanovii, and L. grayi. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences for sigB, gap, and prs showed that these isolates form a well-supported sistergroup to L. monocytogenes. The four isolates were sufficiently different from L. monocytogenes and L. innocua by DNA-DNA hybridization to warrant their designation as a new Listeria species. The four isolates yielded positive reactions in the AccuProbe® test that is purported to be specific for L. monocytogenes, did not ferment L-rhamnose, were non-hemolytic on blood agar media, and did not contain a homologue of the L. monocytogenes virulence gene island. On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics and their genotypic distinctiveness from L. monocytogenes and L. innocua, the four isolates should be classified as a new species within the genus Listeria, for which the name Listeria marthii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of L. marthii is FSL S4-120T (=ATCC BAA 1595T =BEIR NR 9579T =CCUG 56148T). L. marthii has not been associated with human or animal disease at this time.

An SSU rDNA barcoding approach to the diversity of marine interstitial Cercozoans, including descriptions of four novel genera and nine novel species [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Chantangsi, C., Leander, B. S. — Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:01:24 PDT

Environmental DNA surveys have shown a great deal of hidden diversity within the Cercozoa. Our investigation into the biodiversity of heterotrophic flagellates in marine benthic habitats in British Columbia, Canada have demonstrated several undescribed taxa with morphological features that resemble the cercozoan genera Cryothecomonas and Protaspis. We have described nine new species of marine interstitial cercozoans distributed into five genera, amongst which four are novel. Phylogenetic analyses of small subunit rDNA sequences derived from two uncultured isolates of Protaspis obliqua and nine novel cercozoan species (within four novel genera) provided organismal anchors that helped establish the cellular identities of several different environmental sequence clades. These data, however, also showed that the rarity of distinctive morphological features in cryomonads, and other groups of cercozoans, makes the identification and systematics of the group very difficult. Therefore, we applied a DNA barcoding approach as a diagnostic tool for species delimitation that used a 618-bp region at the 5' end of the SSU rDNA sequences. Nucleotide sequence analysis of this region showed high intergeneric sequence divergences of about 7% and very low intraspecific sequence divergences of 0-0.5%; phylogenetic analyses inferred from this barcoding region showed very similar tree topologies to those inferred from the full length of the gene. Overall, our study indicates that the 618-bp barcoding region of SSU rDNA sequences is a useful molecular signature for understanding the biodiversity and interrelationships of marine benthic cercozoans.

Tateyamaria pelophila sp. nov., a facultatively anaerobic alphaproteobacterium isolated from tidal-flat sediment and emended description of Tateyamaria omphalii [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 11 Sep 2009 08:01:22 PDT

A Gram-negative motile rod, strain SAM4T, was isolated from the highest positive dilution of a most probable number (MPN) series inoculated with tidal-flat sediments from the German North Sea coast. The isolate grew in a temperature range from 4 to 35°C and showed constant growth yields almost through the whole temperature range. Growth was observed between pH 6 and 9 and at salinities from 0.3 to 10.2 %. Strain SAM4T required Na+ for growth. Strain SAM4T contained bacteriochlorophyll a and was catalase- and oxidase-positive. It was nutritionally versatile growing on a variety of carbon compounds including carbohydrates, amino acids and organic acids like lactate or succinate. It grew anaerobically on complex media like marine broth, indicating fermentation, and by reducing trimethylammonium oxide (TMAO). The dominating phospholipids were phosphatidyl ethanolamine and phosphatidyl glycerol, whereas only traces of phosphatidyl choline and of an unidentified lipid were found. The major fatty acid was n-18:17c. The molar G+C content was 56.4%. The isolate was identified as a member of the Roseobacter clade within the Alphaproteobacteria. However, based on phylogenetic, phenotypic and physiological data it clearly differs from its closest relative Tateyamaria omphalii. Therefore, a new species is proposed: Tateyamaria pelophila sp. nov., with strain SAM4T (= DSM 17270T=LMG 23018T) as type strain.

Hafnia paralvei sp. nov., formerly known as Hafnia alvei DNA group 2 [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Huys, G., Cnockaert, M., Abbott, S. L., Janda, J. M., Vandamme, P. — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:28 PDT

Largely based on DNA-DNA hybridizations and partial 16S rRNA gene sequencing, it has been previously shown that Hafnia alvei is genotypically heterogeneous and consists of at least two DNA hybridization groups (HGs). In the present study, the taxonomic status of H. alvei HGs 1 and 2 was reassessed. A panel of 24 reference strains and isolates previously assigned to one of the two HGs in H. alvei was subjected to (GTG)5-PCR fingerprinting and resulted in the delineation of two (GTG)5-PCR clusters in perfect accordance to the respective HG designations. Based on full 16S rRNA gene sequencing of a selection of reference strains, H. alvei HGs 1 and 2 showed internal sequence similarities of 99.8 and 99.5%, respectively. Between both groups, sequence similarities ranged from 98.8 to 99.1%. Mean DNA-DNA hybridization values of 74.7 to 99.9% were obtained within each of the two HGs, whereas cross-hybridizations between members of H. alvei HG 1 (including ATCC 13337T) and HG 2 revealed only 32.7 to 48.7% DNA-DNA binding. Previous and new phenotypic data revealed that a combination of malonate assimilation and β-glucosidase activity allows correct assignment of the Hafnia isolates to one of the two taxa. Collectively, the taxonomic data from this study confirm that H. alvei comprises at least two taxa at species level, of which HG 1 corresponds to H. alvei sensu stricto because it includes the type strain ATCC 13337T. Strains formerly classified as members of H. alvei HG 2 represent a new species, for which the name Hafnia paralvei sp. nov. is proposed. The former reference strain of H. alvei HG 2, ATCC 29927T = LMG 24706T, is designated as the type strain.

Frondihabitans peucedani sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil and emended description of the genus Frondihabitans Greene et al. 2009 [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Lee, S. D. — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:30 PDT

A novel actinobacterium, designated strain RS-15T, was isolated from rhizosphere soil of a plant (Peucedanum japonicum Thunb.) on Mara Island, Jeju, Republic of Korea. The cells of the organism were strictly aerobic, Gram-positive, oxidase-negative, catalase-positive, non-motile, irregular and short rods. The peptidoglycan in cell wall was B2β type with ornithine as the diagnostic diamino acid. The major menaquinone was MK-8; small amounts of MK-9 and MK-7 were also present. The polar lipids contained phosphatidylglycerol, five unknown glycolipids, three unknown phospholipids and two unknown lipids. Mycolic acids were not present. The predominant fatty acids were C18:1, anteiso-C15:0 and C14:0 2-OH. The DNA G+C content is 68.3 mol%. A 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain RS-15T belonged to the family Microbacteriaceae and formed a tight phylogenetic cluster with Frondihabitans australicus (98.5% sequence similarity). DNA-DNA homology value between strain RS-15T and Frondihabitans australicus DSM 17894T was 17.2%. On the basis of the physiological, chemotaxonomic and DNA-DNA hybridization data, strain RS-15T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Frondihabitans, for which the name Frondihabitans peucedanae sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain RS-15T (=KCTC 13435T =DSM 22180T).

Yeasts associated with the curculionid beetle Xyloterinus politus; Candida xyloterini sp. nov., Candida palmyrensis sp. nov., and three common ambrosia yeasts [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Suh, S.-O., Zhou, J. — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:23 PDT

Seven yeast strains were isolated from the body surface and galleries of Xyloterinus politus, the ambrosia beetle which attacks black oak trees. Based on rDNA sequence comparisons and other taxonomic characteristics, five of the strains were identified as Saccharomycopsis microspora, Wickerhamomyces hampshirensis, and Candida mycetangii, which have been reported as insect associates previously. The remaining two yeast strains were proposed as novel species, Candida xyloterini sp. nov. (ATCC 62898T = CBS 11547T) and Candida palmyrensis (ATCC 62899T = CBS 11546T). Candida xyloterini is a close sister taxon to Ogataea dorogensis, and assimilates methanol as a sole carbon source but lacks ascospores. On the other hand, C. palmyrensis is phylogenetically distinct from any other ambrosia yeasts reported so far. The species was placed near Candida sophiae-reginae and C. beechii from DNA sequence analyses but neither of the two were close sister taxa to C. palmyrensis.

Slackia equolifaciens sp. nov., a human intestinal bacterium capable of producing equol [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Jin, J.-S., Kitahara, M., Sakamoto, M., Hattori, M., Benno, Y. — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:28 PDT

An equol-producing bacterium, strain DZET, which was isolated from human faeces, was characterized by morphological, biochemical, and molecular methods. The isolate was Gram-positive, obligately anaerobic, non-spore-forming, asaccharolytic and rod-shaped. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed 92.8, 91.0, 91.1, and 90.6 % similarities with Slackia faecicanis, Slackia exigua, Slackia heliotrinireducens, and Slackia isoflavoniconvertens, respectively. Based on these data, we propose a novel Slackia species, Slackia equolifaciens sp. nov. The major cellular fatty acids are C14:0 and C18:19c. The G+C content of the strain is 60.8 mol %. The type strain of S. equolifaciens is DZET (=JCM 16059T = CCUG 58231T)

Emended descriptions of the genus Persicobacter and of Persicobacter diffluens and description of Persicobacter psychrovividus sp. nov. isolated from shellfishes [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:29 PDT

The taxonomic position of three bacterial strains, Asr22-19^T, NBRC 101035, and NBRC 101041 isolated from shellfishes in Japan was determined by using a polyphasic taxonomy approach. The strains were facultatively anaerobic, motile by gliding and Gram-staining-negative slender rods. Their major respiratory quinone was menaquinone-7 and their predominant cellular fatty acids were iso-C_15:0, iso-C_17:0 3-OH, iso-C_15:0 3-OH, C_16:0 3-OH, and C_16:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 42.0-42.7 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains clustered with the genus Persicobacter in the family "Flammeovirgaceae". DNA-DNA similarities were higher than 68% among Asr22-19^T, NBRC 101035, and NBRC 101041, and lower than 28% between Asr22-19^T and Persicobacter diffluens NBRC 15940^T. The three strains could be differentiated from Persicobacter diffluens by several phenotypic characters. On the basis of these results, the novel species Persicobacter psychrovividus sp. nov. (type strain Asr22-19^T = NBRC 101262^T = CIP 109100^T) is described and emended descriptions are proposed for the genus Persicobacter and for Persicobacter diffluens.

Murinocardiopsis flavida gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from indoor walls [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Kampfer, P., Schafer, J., Lodders, N., Martin, K. — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:29 PDT

Two Gram-positive, mycelium-forming actinobacteria (14-Be-013T and 02-Gi-014) were isolated from walls colonized with moulds and taxonomically studied. The isolates formed yellowish pigmented substrate mycelia showing no fragmentation. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that these bacteria are most closely related to genera within the family Nocardiopsaceae, but form a separate lineage within this family. Highest sequence similarities to Marinactinospora thermotolerans (96.0% to 14-Be-013T), Nocardiopsis dassonvillei subsp. albirubida and Nocardiopsis lucentensis (both 95.3% to 14-Be-013T). Whole cell hydrolysates contained meso-diaminopimelic acid (meso-A2pm) as diagnostic diamino acid of the cell wall and no diagnostic sugars. Mycolic acids were absent. The major menaquinones were MK 10(H4), MK 11(H4) and MK 12(H2). The polar lipid profile consisted of phosphatidylcholine, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol and unknown lipids. Major fatty acids C16:0 Iso, C17:0 anteiso and C18:19c supported the affiliation of these isolates to the family Nocardiopsaceae. Phenotypic analysis (including chemotaxonomy) further differentiated strains 14-Be-013T and 02-Gi-014 from the most closely related members of the Marinactinospora and Nocardiopsis genera. Since the two strains form a distinct lineage in the 16S rRNA based phylogenetic tree, the novel genus Murinocardiopsis gen. nov. with the type species Murinocardiopsis flavida sp. nov. 14-Be-013T (= DSM 45312T = CCM 7612T) is proposed.

Actinomyces hominis sp. nov., isolated from a wound swab [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Funke, G., Englert, R., Frodl, R., Bernard, K. A., Stenger, S. — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:26 PDT

A coryneform bacterium (strain 1094) was isolated from an aerobically incubated sheep blood agar plate inoculated with a wound swab taken from a 89-year-old female patient. Chemotaxonomic investigations suggested that this bacterium belonged to the related genera Actinomyces/Arcanobacterium/Actinobaculum. Phylogenetic analysis inferred from 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that strain 1094T is closely related to Actinomyces europaeus (94.3% similarity only). Phenotypically, the unknown bacterium could be separated from the phylogenetically neighbouring Actinomyces species by being catalase, CAMP reaction, acid phosphatase, N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase, and raffinose fermentation positive. Based on the data presented it is proposed that the bacterium isolated from a wound swab should be classified as a novel species, Actinomyces hominis sp. nov., with the type strain 1094T (=CCUG 57540T = DSM 22168T).

Microbacterium azadirachtae sp. nov., a novel plant-growth promoting actinobacterium isolated from the rhizoplane of neem seedlings [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:27 PDT

Microbacterium strain AI-S262T was isolated from the rhizoplane of neem seedlings in the Botanical garden of Tamilnadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, India and subjected to phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genetic characterization. Cells of these strains were Gram-positive, motile, non-spore-forming, short rods and formed light yellow-pigmented colonies on nutrient agar. These strains contained MK-12 and MK-13 as the main respiratory quinines, fatty acids that were anteiso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C17 : 0 and iso-C16 : 0, peptidoglycan-type B2β with glycolyl residues and DNA G+C content was 69.5 mol%. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed 98.0-98.6% pair wise similarity with respect to close relatives of the Microbacterium species. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level (less than 39%) of DNA-DNA relatedness for the strain AI-S262T with its closest relatives. Data from DNA-DNA hybridization and phenotypic analyses supported the conclusion that strains AI-S262T and SuP-E064 represent a novel species in the genus Microbacterium, for which the name Microbacterium azadirachtae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AI-S262T (=JCM 15681T =LMG ---T =KCTC 19668T).

Pseudoclavibacter chungangensis sp. nov., isolated from activated sludge [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:24 PDT

The taxonomic position of a gram-positive, non-spore-forming, bacteria (strain CAU 59T) isolated from activated sludge was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Colony morphology, biochemical tests, and chemotaxonomic investigations revealed that strain CAU 59T has the characteristics of the genus Pseudoclavibacter. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the sequence divergence values of strain CAU 59T were >3.6% from other described Pseudoclavibacter species, formed a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Pseudoclavibacter. DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed that CAU 59T displayed 20.9% relatedness to the most phylogenetically related bacteria, Pseudoclavibacter helvolus DSM 20419T. The DNA G+C content was 66.2 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic, and genotypic data indicated that strain CAU 59T represents a novel species of the genus Pseudoclavibacter, for which the name Pseudoclavibacter chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 59T (=KCTC 22691T =CCUG=58142T).

Tsukamurella soli sp. nov., isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:24 PDT

One white-colored bacterium designated as strain JS18-1T was isolated from a soil sample collected from Halla mountain in Jeju island, Republic of Korea. Cells of the strain were Gram-positive, rod-shaped, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain was most closely related to members of the genus Tsukamurella with the sequence similarities of 96.4-95.2%. Strain JS18-1T shared the highest sequence similarities with Tsukamurella strandjordii DSM 44573T (96.4%), Tsukamurella carboxydivorans Y2T (96.3%) and Tsukamurella tyrosinosolvens DSM 44234T (96.3%). The G+C content of the total DNA was 70 mol%. Cell-wall peptidoglycan type was A1 and mycolic acids were also detected. The predominant polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylinositol. The major quinone and major cell-wall sugars were MK-9, and arabinose, ribose and glucose, respectively. The major fatty acids (>10 % of the total fatty acids) were C16:0, C18:1 9c, C18:0 10-methyl and summed feature 3 (C16:1 7c and/or iso-C 15:0 2-OH). It is evident from the phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences, and chemotaxonomic, biochemical and physiological characteristics that strain JS18-1T represents a novel species of the genus Tsukamurella, for which the name Tsukamurella soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JS18-1T (=KACC 20764T=DSM 45046T).

Eiseniicola composti gen. nov., sp. nov., with antifungal activity against plant pathogenic fungi [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Yasir, M., Aslam, Z., Song, G. C., Jeon, C. O., Chung, Y. R. — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:27 PDT

A Gram-negative, short rod-shaped bacterial strain, YC06271T, was isolated from the vermicompost (VC) collected at Masan, Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain YC06271T grew optimally at 28-30°C and at pH 7.0-9.0. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YC06271T was most closely related to members of the genera Bordetella (96.4-95.8 %), Achromobacter (96.0-95.7 %), Alcaligenes (96.0-94.2 %), Pusillimonas noertemannii (95.9 %), Pigmentiphaga (95.8-95.5 %) and less than 95.5 % similarity with the members of the other genera of the family Alcaligenaceae. Strain YC06271T contained ubiquinone-8 (Q-8) as the major respiratory quinone system and putrescine as the major polyamine. The major fatty acids of strain YC06271T were C16:17c and/or C15:0 iso 2-OH and C16:0. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 55.4 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic characteristics strongly supported the differentiation of strain YC06271T from the validly published genera of the family Alcaligenaceae. Therefore, it is proposed that strain YC06271T represents a novel species within a novel genus, with the name Eiseniicola composti gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain is YC06271T (= KCTC 22250T = DSM 21045T).

Actinoaurantispora gen. nov., a new member of the family Micromonosporaceae, with description of Actinoaurantispora siamensis sp. nov. [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Thawai, C., Tanasupawat, S., Kudo, T. — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:23 PDT

Two actinomycete strains, CM2-8T and CM2-12 were isolated from temperate peat swamp forest soil in Chiang Mai Province of Thailand. Their taxonomic positions were determined using a polyphasic approach. Chemotaxonomic characteristics of these strains coincided with those of the family Micromonosporaceae, i.e. cell wall chemotype II, N-glycolyl type of muramic acid, and phospholipids type II. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence data also indicated that these strains fell within the family Micromonosporaceae and formed a distinct taxon in the phylogenetic Micromonosporaceae tree. On the basis of phylogenetic analysis and characteristic patterns of 16S rRNA gene signature nucleotides including chemotaxonomic data, it is proposed that the novel isolates belong to a new genus, Actinoauranispora gen. nov. The type species of the genus is proposed as Actinoauranispora siamensis sp. nov., with strain CM2-8T (=JCM 15677T =BCC 34762T) as the type strain.

Sphingopyxis soli sp. nov., isolated from landfill soil [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Choi, J.-H., Kim, M.-S., Jung, M.-J., Roh, S. W., Shin, K.-S., Bae, J.-W. — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:26 PDT

A bacterium was isolated from landfill soil in Pohang, Republic of Korea, and designated as BL03T. Strain BL03T was yellow-pigmented on LB agar plates, Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile, oxidase-positive and catalase-negative. The strain grew in the ranges of 0 to 3 % (w/v) NaCl, 15 to 42°C temperature, and 5.0 to 9.5 pH. The predominant ubiquinone of the strain was Q-10, and the major cellular fatty acids were C17:1 6c, C15:0 2-OH and C18:1 7c. Polar lipid profiles contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, sphingoglycolipid, and an unknown glycolipid. Spermidine was identified as the major polyamine component. Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain BL03T belongs to the genus Sphingopyxis with high sequence similarity to the type strains Sphingopyxis taejonensis JSS54T (97.8 %), Sphingopyxis alaskensis RB2256T (97.4 %), and Sphingopyxis chilensis S37T (96.9 %). For these species, DNA-DNA hybridization rates were only 10.3-40.3 %. The DNA G+C content of the strain BL03 T was 65.9 mol%. Since several characteristics differentiated the isolate from other recognized members of the genus Sphingopyxis, strain BL03T (=KCTC 22405T = JCM 15910T) should be classified as a novel species in the genus Sphingopyxis, for which the name Sphingopyxis soli sp. nov. is proposed.

Sphingobium scionense sp. nov., an aromatic hydrocarbon-degrading bacterium isolated from contaminated sawmill soil [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Liang, Q., Lloyd-Jones, G. — Fri, 04 Sep 2009 07:31:28 PDT

In this study we clarify the taxonomic position of WP01^T (DSM 19371^T), a negatively Gram staining, rod-shaped, aerobic bacterium isolated from a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated soil in New Zealand. WP01^T shares many defining characteristics of the genus Sphingobium: the predominant respiratory quinone at 89% is ubiquinone with ten isoprene units (Q-10), the major fatty acid classes in WP01^T are C18:17c, C16:17c and C14:0 2-OH; spermidine is the major polyamine; the DNA G+C content is 63.8 mol%; and the 16S rRNA signatures are conserved. A point of difference being that nitrate is reduced by WP01^T to nitrate. The polar lipid pattern consisted of the predominant compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, and sphingoglycolipids. Analysis of the 16S rRNA gene of WP01^T shows that amongst validly described strains it is most similar to Sphingobium yanoikuyae GIFU9882^T and Sphingobium amiense DSM 16289^T 16S rRNA gene sequences with which is shares >97% identity. Low DNA-DNA similarities were obtained between genomic DNA of WP01^T and Sphingobium yanoikuyae GIFU9882^T (46.6%) and with Sphingobium amiense DSM 16289^T (25.6%) indicating that it does not correspond to these species. We conclude that on the basis of these characteristics WP01^T should be considered as a new species within the genus Sphingobium, for which the name Sphingobium scionense sp. nov. (type strain WPO1^T =DSM 19371^T =ICMP 13533^T) is proposed.

Dyadobacter psychrophilus sp. nov., a novel psychrophilic bacterium isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Zhang, D.-C., Liu, H.-C., Xin, Y. H., Zhou, Y.-G., Schinner, F., Margesin, R. — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 08:01:18 PDT

Strain BZ26T was isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. The Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium was psychrophilic, showing good growth over a temperature range of 1-20°C. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene homology showed that strain BZ26T was related to the members of the genus Dyadobacter and had highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with Dyadobacter alkalitolerans CCTCC AB 207176T (98.1%), Dyadobacter koreensis DSM 19938T(97.5%) and Dyadobacter ginsengisoli LMG 23409T(97.2%). Strain BZ26T had MK-7 as the major menaquinone and summed feature 3 (C16:17c/iso-C15:0-2OH), C16:15c and iso-C15:0 as the major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G+C content was 48.9 mol%. On the basis of the phenotypic characteristics and phylogenetic analysis, strain BZ26T represents a novel species of the genus Dyadobacter, for which the name Dyadobacter psychrophilus is proposed. The type strain is BZ26T (=DSM 22270T = CGMCC 1.8951T).

Shewanella fodinae sp. nov., isolated from a coal mine and from Chilika marine lagoon of India [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 28 Aug 2009 08:01:17 PDT

Strain JC15T was isolated from a coal mine of India and strain JC19 was isolated from 'Chilika' marine lagoon of India. Cells of both the strains were Gram-negative rods, motile by means of a single polar flagellum, catalase and oxidase positive, hydrolyzed casein, produced H2S and showed β-hemolysis. Strain JC15T grew optimally at a pH 6 (range 5-9) while JC19 grew optimally at pH 7 (range 6-9) and both had a temperature optimum at 30-37°C (range 22-40°C). Both the strains could grow chemoorganoheterotrophically and chemolithoautotrophically. The strains JC15T and JC19 had no requirement for NaCl but could tolerate up to 9 % (w/v) NaCl with an optimum growth at 5% concentration. Vitamin B12 is required as growth factor by both the strains. The major fatty acids were iso-C13:03-OH (9.3%), iso-C15:0 (20.1%) and C17:18c (15.6%). The DNA G+C content of JC15T and JC19 were 53.6 and 54.3 mol%, respectively. A phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences analysis showed that strain JC15T and JC19 were most closely related to Shewanella haliotis DW01T (~94 % sequence similarity), and to other members of the genus Shewanella. Genomic relatedness (DNA-DNA hybridization) between JC15T and JC19 is 88 %. On the basis of phenotypic and molecular genetic evidence, strain JC15T represents a novel species of the genus Shewanella, for which the name Shewanella fodinae sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JC15T (= Culture Collection University of Göteborg, Sweden [CCUG] 57102T = NITE Biological Resource Centre [NBRC] 105216T = Korean Collection of Type Cultures [KCTC] 22506T). Based on morphological, FAME analysis, physiological, biochemical and genomic relatedness, strain JC19 represents an additional strain to the type strain Shewanella fodinae, JC15T.

Prevotella dentasini sp. nov., a black-pigmented species from the oral cavity of donkeys [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Takada, K., Hayashi, K., Sato, Y., Hirasawa, M. — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 08:01:20 PDT

Four strains that were obligately anaerobic, pigmented, Gram-negative rods were isolated from the oral cavity of donkeys. These strains were analyzed biochemically using the Rapid ID 32 A, API 20A, and API ZYM microsystem, subjected to DNA-DNA hybridization with other related species, and their 16S rRNA gene was sequenced. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that each of the isolates was a member of the genus Prevotella and related to Prevotella multiformis, showing about 93% similarity. Based on phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, it is proposed that the bacterium be classified as Prevotella dentasini sp. nov. The type strain of P. dentasini is NUM 1903T (=JCM 15908T =DSM 22229T).

Psychrobacter aestuarii sp. nov., isolated from a Korean tidal flat sediment [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 28 Aug 2009 08:01:16 PDT

A Gram-negative, non-motile, non-spore-forming and strictly aerobic bacterial strain, SC35T, was isolated from the tidal flat sediment collected from the Suncheon Bay in Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. The organism grew optimally at 20-30 °C and in the presence of 1-2 % (w/v) NaCl. Strain SC35T was characterized chemotaxonomically as containing ubiquinone-8 as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and C18:19c as the major fatty acid. Its DNA G+C content was 48.5 mol%. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain SC35T forms a lineage within the genus Psychrobacter (94.3-96.5 % sequence similarity) and formed a distinct branch with the clade comprising Psychrobacter pacificensis IFO 16279T and P. celer SW-238T. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data, strain SC35T (= KCTC 22503T = JCM 16343T) was placed in the genus Psychrobacter as the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Psychrobacter aestuarii sp. nov. is proposed.

Oceanicola nitratireducens sp. nov., a marine alphaproteobacterium isolated from the South China Sea [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Zheng, Q., Chen, C., Wang, Y.-N., Jiao, N.-Z. — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 08:01:15 PDT

A Gram-negative, non-motile, short rod-shaped bacterial strains that accumulates poly-β-hydroxybutyrate (PHB) granules was isolated from the Beibu Gulf in the South China Sea. Cells have polar or subpolar flagella. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belongs to the genus Oceanicola in the order Rhodobacterales of the class Alphaproteobacteria. The closest neighbours were Oceanicola nanhaiensis SS011B1-20T (96.5% similarity) and Oceanicola batsensis HTCC2597T (96.4%). The predominant respiratory ubiquinone of strain JLT1210T was Q-10 and the DNA G+C content of strain JLT1210T was 72.8 mol%. Evidence is presented from genotypic, chemotaxonomic and phenotypic data that strain JLT1210T represents a novel species of the genus Oceanicola, for which the name Oceanicola nitratireducens sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JLT1210T (=LMG 24663T= CGMCC 1.7292T).

Desulfopila inferna sp. nov., a sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from the subsurface of a tidal sandflat [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Gittel, A., Seidel, M., Kuever, J., Galushko, A. S., Cypionka, H., Konneke, M. — Fri, 28 Aug 2009 08:01:13 PDT

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped sulfate-reducing bacterium (strain JS_SRB250Lac^T) was isolated from a tidal sand flat in the German Wadden Sea. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain JS_SRB250Lac^T belonged to the Desulfobulbaceae (Deltaproteobacteria) with Desulfopila aestuarii DSM18488^T being the closest recognized relative (94.2% similarity). A higher similarity was shared with 'Desulfobacterium corrodens' DSM 15630^T (96.6 %), but this species has not been validly described so far. The affiliation of strain JS_SRB250Lac^T to the genus Desulfopila was furthermore supported by the analysis of aprBA gene sequences and shared physiological characteristics, in particular the broad range of organic electron donors used for sulfate reduction. Compared to D. aestuarii DSM 18488^T, strain JS_SRB250Lac^T additionally utilized butyrate, succinate and grew chemolithoautotrophically with hydrogen as electron donors. CO dehydrogenase activity was demonstrated, indicating that the reductive acetyl-CoA pathway (Wood-Ljungdahl pathway) was used for CO₂ fixation. Results of the cellular fatty acid composition allowed chemotaxonomic differentiation of strain JS_SRB250Lac^T from D. aestuarii DSM 18488^T by the presence of C_17:0cyc and the absence of hydroxyl- and unsaturated branched-chain fatty acids. Based on phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomical characteristics, strain JS_SRB250Lac^T represents a novel species of the genus Desulfopila, for which the name Desulfopila inferna sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JS_SRB250Lac^T (=DSM 19738^T =NBRC 103921^T).

Muricola jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from sea water on the eastern coast in Jeju, Korea [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Fri, 28 Aug 2009 08:01:12 PDT

An aerobic, yellow-orange-pigmented, Gram-staining-negative bacterium, designated strain EM44T, was isolated from seawater on the eastern coast of Jeju Island in Korea. Growth was observed at 15-35 °C (optimum: 25-30 °C), pH 6.5-9.0 (optimum: pH 7.0-8.5) and between 1 and 5 % (w/v) (optimum: 2-4 %). Cells of strain EM44 T were non- motile, straight rods and showed catalase- and oxidase activities. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.9 mol% and the major respiratory quinone was MK-6. The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 G, iso-C15:0, iso-C17:0 3-OH and iso-C17:0 3-OH. Strain EM44T contained phosphatidylethanolamine as a major polar phospholipid. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain EM44Tfell within the family Flavobacteriaceae in the phylum Bacteroidetes and was most closely related to members of the genera Eudoraear, Zeaxanthinibacter and Robiginitalea with 92-94.5 % sequence similarities. On the basis of chemotaxonomic data and molecular properties, it is clear that strain EM44T represents a novel genus within the family Flavobacteriaceae, for which the name Muricola jejuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EM44T (=KCTC 22299T =DSM 21206T).

Celeribacter neptunius gen. nov. sp. nov., a new member of Alphaproteobacteria [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 28 Aug 2009 08:01:11 PDT

A whitish Gram-negative, motile, aerobic bacterium designated H 14T was isolated from seawater collected in Port Phillip Bay, Melbourne, at St. Kilda beach. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the organism belonged to the Roseobacter lineage of the class Alphaproteobacteria forming a distinct evolutionary lineage on the genus level. Strain H 14T was weakly related to Nautella, Ruegeria and Pseudoruegeria (family Rhodobacteraceae). Strain H 14T did not degrade gelatin, casein, chitin, agar and starch, did not produce any carotenoids, did not have Bacteriochlorophyll a, and had limited ability to utilise carbon sources. Strain H 14T grew at 1-8% of NaCl with the temperature range of 5-35°C. Phosphatidylglycerol was the major phospholipid (90%); phosphatidylcholine (7.9%) and phosphatidylethanolamine (2%), were present in minor quantities. The predominant fatty acids were C18:0 (3.8%), C18:19 (5.1%) and C18:17 (82.4%). The DNA base composition for strain H 14T was 59.1 mol% G+C. Based on the results of physiological, biochemical, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic investigations, new genus Celeribacter gen. nov., with a new species Celeribacter neptunius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is H 14T (= KMM 6012T = CIP 109922T).

Microbacterium agarici sp. nov., Microbacterium humi sp. nov. and Microbacterium pseudoresistens sp. nov., isolated from the base of the mushroom Agaricus blazei [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 28 Aug 2009 08:01:21 PDT

Three Gram-positive rod shaped bacteria (CC-SBCK-209T CC-12309T, and CC-5209T) were isolated from the stalk of the edible mushroom Agaricus blazei grown in the laboratory. By 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, it was shown that all three isolates clearly belonged to the genus Microbacterium. Two of them (CC-SBCK-209T CC-12309T) were most closely related to Microbacterium halotolerans showing 95.9% and 96.1% gene sequence similarities, respectively. These two strains showed a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.9%. Similarities to all other Microbacterium species were lower than 95.5%. The third strain (CC-5209T) showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Microbacterium resistens (97.7%) and similarities to all other Microbacterium species were lower than 96%. The quinone systems of CC-SBCK-209T, CC-12309T and CC-5209 consisted of the major compounds MK-11/MK-12, MK-11/MK-10 and MK-13, respectively. The polar lipid profile of the strains consisted of the major compounds diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown glycolipid. The polyamine pattern consisted of the predominant amines spermidine and spermine. The fatty acid profiles comprising C15:0 anteiso, C16:0 iso and C17:0 anteiso as major fatty acids supported the affiliation of all three strains to the genus Microbacterium. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and DNA-DNA hybridizations allowed a clear phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of strain CC-SBCK-209T and CC-12309T from Microbacterium halotolerans and some other closely related Microbacterium species. Strain CC-5209T could be clearly differentiated from M. resistens both in genotype and phenotype. For this reason, we propose for strain CC-SBCK-209T (= DSM 21798T = CCM 7686T) a new species, with the name Microbacterium agarici sp. nov. and for strain CC-12309T (= DSM 21799T = CCM 7687T) a second species with the name Microbacterium humi sp. nov. For strain CC-5209T (= DSM 22185T = CCM 7688T) the name Microbacterium pseudoresistens sp. nov. is proposed.

Notes on the characterization of prokaryote strains for taxonomic purposes [INTERNATIONAL COMMITTEE ON SYSTEMATICS OF PROKARYOTES: Taxonomic Notes]

Tindall, B. J., Rossello-Mora, R., Busse, H.-J., Ludwig, W., Kampfer, P. — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 00:51:07 PDT

Taxonomy relies on three key elements; characterisation, classification and nomenclature. All three elements are dynamic fields, but each step depends on the one which proceeds it. Thus, the nomenclature of a group of organisms depends on the way they are classified, and the classification (among other elements) depends on the information gathered as a result of characterisation. While nomenclature is governed by the Bacteriological Code, the classification and characterisation of prokaryotes is an area which is not formally regulated and where numerous changes have taken place in the last 50 years. The purpose of the present article is to outline the key elements in the way prokaryotes are characterised, with a view to providing an overview of some of the pitfalls commonly encountered in taxonomic papers.

Cohnella luojiensis sp. nov., isolated from soil of a Euphrates poplar forest [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Cai, F., Wang, Y., Qi, H., Dai, J., Yu, B., An, H., Rahman, E., Fang, C. — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 00:51:05 PDT

A novel strain, HY-22RT, was isolated from soil of a Euphrate poplar forest in Xinjiang, China. The cells were Gram-positive, rod-shaped and motile by means of peritrichous flagella. Growth occurred at 10-37°C (optimum, 30°C), at pH 7.0-8.0 (optimum, pH 7.0) and with 0-1 % NaCl. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain HY-22RT was closely related to Cohnella phaseoli GSPC1T (96.3 % sequence similarity). The major respiratory quinone was MK-7 and the predominant fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and C16:0. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. The DNA G+C content was 49.6mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic, physiological and chemotaxonomic data, strain HY-22RT represents a novel species in the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella luojiensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HY-22RT (= CCTCC AB 208254T = NRRL B-59213T).

Marinicella litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel gammaproteobacterium isolated from a coastal sea water from the Sea of Japan [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Romanenko, L. A., Tanaka, N., Frolova, G. M., Mikhailov, V. V. — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 00:51:05 PDT

A Gram-negative, aerobic, grayish-yellowish pigmented, stenohaline, rod-shaped, non-motile bacterium KMM 3900T was isolated from a coastal sea water sample collected from the Sea of Japan. Based on the phylogenetic analysis strain KMM 3900T positioned within Gammaproteobacteria as a separate branch adjacent to the members of the genera Reinekea and Kangiella, sharing less than 88% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to all recognized bacterial species of the Gammaproteobacteria. The major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. Polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, and two unknown phospholipids. Fatty acid analysis revealed iso-C15:0, C16:17c, and C16:0 as dominant components. The DNA G+C content was determined 43.8 mol%. Based on a unique phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic distance, marine isolate KMM 3900T is considered to represent a novel genus, for which the name Marinicella litoralis gen nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is KMM 3900T (=NRIC 0758T =JCM 16154T).

Winogradskyella exilis sp. nov., isolated from star fish Stellaster equestris [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Fri, 21 Aug 2009 00:51:06 PDT

A pale yellowish pigmented non motile strain 022-2-26T was isolated from a starfish Stellaster equestris. Gram-negative, short rod-shaped, nonmotile bacterium was chemoorganotrophic, alkalitolerant, and mesophilic. The type strain 022-2-26T contained MK-6 as the predominant menaquinone. The major cellular fatty acids were iso-15:0, iso-15:1, 15:0, iso-15:0-2OH and iso-17:0-3OH (together representing 86.4% of the total fatty acids). The DNA base composition was 30.1 mol% GC. A 16S rRNA gene sequence of the type strain 022-2-26T was determined and phylogenetic analyses revealed that 022-2-26T formed a robust clade (confirmed by neighbor-joining, parsimony and maximum-likelihood algorithms and 95% of bootstrap replication) with species of the genus Winogradskyella. The closest related species was Winogradskyella poriferorum UST030701-295T showing a similarity of 96% (59 differences between sequences). On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic characteristics and phylogenetic evidence, it is suggested that the bacteria be classified as a novel species, Winogradskyella exilia sp. nov. The type strain is 022-2-26T (KMM 6013T = CIP 109976T).

Bacillus marmarensis sp. nov., an alkaliphilic, protease-producing bacterium isolated from mushroom compost [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Denizci, A. A., Kazan, D., Erarslan, A. — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 00:51:07 PDT

A Gram-positive, obligate alkaliphilic bacterium designated strain GMBE 72^T was isolated from mushroom compost from Yalova located in Marmara region of Turkey. Cells were aerobic, straight rods and they formed a subterminal to terminal, ellipsoidal endospore. The isolate was catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, motile and contain a peptidoglycan of type A1 based on meso-diaminopimelic acid. The strain grew at pH 8.0-12.5. The major cellular fatty acid was anteiso-C_15:0. The genomic DNA G+C content was 40.2 mol %. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain GMBE 72^T belonged to the genus Bacillus and exhibited 98.2 % levels of sequence similarity to known Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715^T. Reassociation of DNA content was 56 % between GMBE 72^T and Bacillus pseudofirmus DSM 8715^T. According to the polyphasic characterization, the strain GMBE 72^T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus marmarensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is GMBE 72^T (=DSM 21297^T, =JCM 15719^T)

Brevibacillus fluminis sp. nov., isolated from the sediment of estuarine wetland of Han river, Korea [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Choi, M.-J., Bae, J.-Y., Kim, K.-Y., Kang, H., Cha, C.-J. — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 00:51:04 PDT

Identification of a bacterial strain designated CJ71^T was carried out on the basis of polyphasic taxonomy. Strain CJ71^T was isolated from the estuarine wetland of Han river by enrichment culture using pyrene as a sole carbon and energy source. The isolate was white-pigmented, rod-shaped, Gram-positive, strictly aerobic and motile. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that strain CJ71^T has the highest sequence similarity of 96.9% with Brevibacillus formosus DSM 9885^T. The predominant cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C_15:0 (49.5%), iso-C_15:0 (16.9%), iso-C_14:0 (16.9%) and iso-C_16:0 (4.9%). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 52.4 mol%. Results from the polyphasic taxonomy study suggested that strain CJ71^T represents a novel species of the genus Brevibacillus for which the name Brevibacillus fluminis is proposed. The type strain is CJ71T (=KACC 13381^T =JCM 15716^T)

Flavihumibacter petaseus gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from tropical rainforest in Nepal [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Zhang, N. N., Qu, J. H., Yuan, H.-L., Sun, Y. M., Yang, J. S. — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 00:51:07 PDT

A yellow-colored bacterium, T41T, was isolated from a soil sample of Tropical Rainforest in Nepal. The strain was found to comprise Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, short rods. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the strain formed a cluster with Terrimonas ferruginea, Terrimonas lutea, Niabella soli, Flavisolibacter ginsengiterrae, Flavisolibacter ginsengisoli, Niastella yeongjuensis, Niastella koreensis in the phylum Bacteroidetes. The strain showed the highest sequence similarity to Terrimonas lutea (93.2 %). The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and the predominant cellular fatty acids (10%) were 15:0 iso (33.8%), 15:1 iso G (13.3%), 17:0 iso 3-OH (12.9%). The DNA G+C content was 48.1 mol%. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic data and genomic distinctiveness, strain T41T represents a novel species in a novel genus in the phylum Bacteroidetes, for which the name Flavihumibacter petaseus gen. nov., sp. nov is proposed. The type strain is strain T41T (=CGMCC 1.7723T =NBRC 106054).

Reclassification of Geobacillus pallidus (Scholz et al. 1988) Banat et al. 2004 as Aeribacillus pallidus gen nov., comb. nov. [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Minana-Galbis, D., Pinzon, D. L., Loren, J. G., Manresa, A., Oliart-Ros, R. M. — Fri, 21 Aug 2009 00:51:03 PDT

Although Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus, two thermophilic bacterial genera close to the genus Bacillus, have only been described recently, the number of species of which these genera are comprised has rapidly increased. Four thermophilic lipolytic strains (DR01, DR02, DR03 and DR04) isolated from a hot spring in Veracruz (Mexico), but which could not be phenotypically identified, were subjected to 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Three strains were identified as belonging to the genus Anoxybacillus, but strain DR03 was identified as Geobacillus pallidus. This result led us to perform a phylogenetic analysis of the genera Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus based on 16S rRNA gene sequences from all the type strains of these genera. Phylogenetic trees showed three major clusters, Anoxybacillus-Geobacillus tepidamans, Geobacillus and Geobacillus pallidus, while 16S rRNA gene sequences of G. pallidus (DR03 and type strain) showed low sequence similarities with respect to Anoxybacillus (92.5-95.1%) and Geobacillus (92.8-94.5%) species, as well as to Bacillus subtilis (92.2-92.4%). In addition, G. pallidus could be differentiated from Anoxybacillus and Geobacillus on the basis of DNA G+C content and fatty acid and polar lipid profiles. From these results, it is proposed that G. pallidus should be reclassified in a novel genus for which we propose the name Aeribacillus as Aeribacillus pallidus gen nov., comb. nov. the type species of the genus. The type strain is ATCC 51176^T = DSM 3670^T = LMG 19006^T.

Paenalcaligenes gen. nov., a new genus of the family Alcaligenaceae and proposal of Paenalcaligenes hominis sp. nov. [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Kampfer, P., Falsen, E., Langer, S., Lodders, N., Busse, H.-J. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:24 PDT

A beige pigmented bacterium (strain CCUG 53761AT) was isolated from the human blood of a 85 year old man in Göteborg, Sweden. Comparative analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that this bacterium had <95% similarity to all described species of the genera of the family Alcaligenaceae. It grouped within the radiation of Alcaligenes, but shows only 93-94.8% similarity to the species of this genus (Alcaligenes faecalis subspecies parafaecalis 94.8%; Alcaligenes faecalis subspecies faecalis 94.2%; Alcaligenes facealis subspecies phenolicus 93.4%). This discrimination was supported by chemotaxonomic differences. The polyamine pattern consisted of the predominant compound putrescine, moderate amounts of spermidine and minor to trace amounts of spermine and cadaverine; 2-hydroxyputrescine was not detectable. The quinone system was ubiquinone Q-8 with minor amounts of Q-7. The polar lipid profile was composed of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine, moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and an unknown phospholipid; minor lipids were detected as well. The fatty acid profile with high amounts of 16:0 and 17:0 cyclo and the absence of 12:0 2-OH as hydroxylated fatty acid differed also significantly from those reported for Alcaligenes species. On the basis of these data, it is proposed that strain CCUG 53761AT is the representative of a novel genus, for which the name Paenalcaligenes gen. nov. is proposed. The type strain for Paenalcaligenes hominis sp. nov. is CCUG 53761AT = CCM 7698T).

Lysobacter soli sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:23 PDT

A novel bacterial strain DCY21T, β-glucosidase producing bacterium, was isolated from soil of a ginseng field in Republic of Korea and characterized using a polyphasic approach in order to determine its taxonomic position. Cells of the strain were Gram-negative, gliding and rod-shaped aerobes. The major cellular fatty acid of strain DCY21T are C15:0 iso (34.3%), C17:1 iso 9c (19.5%) and C17:0 iso (17.2%) and the major isoprenoid quinone was Q-8. The major polar lipids of strain DCY21T were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidyl-N-methylethanolamine. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY21T clustered with the species of the genus Lysobacter. It is closely related to Lysobacter gummosus LMG 8763T (97.9%), Lysobacter capsici YC5194T (97.6%), Lysobacter antibioticus DSM 2044T (97.5%), Lysobacter niastensis DSM 18481T (97.2%) and Lysobacter enzymogenes DSM 2043T (96.9%). The G+C content of the total DNA was 65.4 mol%. The DNA-DNA relatedness values, biochemical and physiological characteristics strongly supported the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain DCY21T from species of the genus Lysobacter. Strain DCY21T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Lysobacter soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DCY21T (= KCTC 22011T = LMG 24126T).

Nocardia callistridis sp. nov., an endophytic actinobacterium isolated from a surface-sterilized root of an Australian native pine tree [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Kaewkla, O., Franco, C. M. M. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:18 PDT

A novel actinobacterium strain CAP 290^T was isolated from a surface sterilized root of an Australian native pine tree, Callitris preissii. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequencing analysis showed that the strain belongs to the family Nocardiaceae and most closely to Nocardia nova DSM 44481^T (97.4%) and Nocardia terpenica DSM 44935^T (96.7%). The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the isolate and the valid species in the genus Nocardia ranged from 95-97%. Chemotaxonomic data (meso-diaminopimelic acid; major menaquinone, MK-8(H_4-cycl); major fatty acid, C_16:0 and mycolate type cell wall) confirmed the affiliation of strain CAP 290^T to the genus Nocardia. The results of the phylogenetic analysis, together with the physiological and biochemical tests allowed the genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain CAP 290^T from related Nocardia species. Type strain CAP 290^T (=DSM 45353^T =ACM 5287^T) therefore represents a novel species and is the first Nocardia species identified as an endophytic actinobacterium, for which the name Nocardia callistridis sp. nov. is proposed.

Paenochrobactrum gallinarii gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from the air of a duck barn and reclassification and emendation of Pseudochrobactrum glaciei as Paenochrobactrum glaciei comb. nov. [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:21 PDT

A gram-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase positive, non-spore-forming, non motile bacterium (Sa25T) was isolated from the air of a duck barn. 16S rRNA gene and recA sequence analyses clearly allocated the isolate in the vicinity of the Brucella-Ochrobactrum-Pseudochrobactrum group with the next relative Pseudochrobactrum glaciei KMM 3858T. This allocation was confirmed by the quinone system (ubiquinone Q-10), fatty acid data (major fatty acids: C18:17c and C19:0 cyclo8c) and polar lipid profile (major components: diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and unknown aminolipid AL1; moderate amounts: three unknown polar lipds L1, L2, L3, unknown aminolipid and an unknown aminophospholipid APL2). The polyamine pattern of Sa25T exhibited the major compound putrescine and moderate amounts of spermidine and a most similar polyamine pattern with the major compound putrescine was detected in Pseudochrobactrum glaciei KMM 3858T as well.DNA-DNA pairing of strain Sa25T with Pseudochrobacterum glaciei KMM 3858T and the type strains of the other Pseudochrobactrum species showed values ranging from 50.3% to 24.8%, and physiological and biochemical data clearly differentiated this isolate from the described Pseudochrobactrum species. Since Sa25T and Pseudochrobactrum glaciei KMM 3858T are forming a distinct lineage in the 16S rRNA based phylogenetic tree, and this separate position is supported by unique characteristics in the polyamine pattern and polar lipid profiles, we propose the novel genus Paenochrobactrum gen. nov. with the type species Paenochrobactrum gallinarii Sa25T (= CCUG 57736T = CCM 7656T) and reclassification of Pseudochrobactrum glaciei as Paenochrobactrum glaciei comb. nov.

Luteimonas terricola sp. nov., a psychrophilic bacterium isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Zhang, D.-C., Liu, H.-C., Xin, Y.-H., Zhou, Y.-G., Schinner, F., Margesin, R. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:20 PDT

Strain BZ92rT was isolated from hydrocarbon-contaminated soil. Cells of the strain were Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, and cold-adapted (growth temperature range 1-25°C). The major fatty acids were iso-C15:0 (25.6%), iso-C17:19c (24.9%), iso-C11:0 (18.4%) and iso-C11:03-OH (16.2%). The predominant ubiquinone was Q-8. The genomic DNA G+C content was 72.0 mol%. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain BZ92rT was a member of the genus Luteimonas (94.5-95.2% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic distinctiveness, strain BZ92rT was considered to represent a novel species of the genus Luteimonas. The name Luteimonas terricola sp. nov. is proposed, with BZ92rT (= DSM 22344T = CGMCC 1.8985T ) as the type strain.

Streptomyces iranensis sp. nov., a novel Streptomycete isolated from soil in Iran [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:22 PDT

The taxonomic position of a Streptomycete was determined. The strain HM 35T was isolated from soil in Isfahan an Iranian city. Strain HM 35T produced a branched substrate and aerial mycelium that developed into short compact spiral spore chains with gray smooth spores at the tips of the aerial hyphae. On some media these spirals may coalesce as dark masses of spores during ageing. Whole cell hydrolyzates of strain HM 35T contained LL-diaminopimelic acid, glucose and ribose. The phospholipids found were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidyinositol phosphatidylethanolamine and hydroxy-phosphatidylethanolamine; MK-9(H4), MK-9(H6) and MK-9 (H8) were the predominant menaquinones. The fatty acid pattern was composed of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids. The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the isolate matched those described for members of the genus Streptomyces. Based on its 16S rRNA analysis strain HM 35T showed the most relationship with Streptomyces rapamycinicus NRRLB-5491T (99.2 %), Streptomyces violaceusniger DSM 40563 (99.1%), Streptomyces javensis DSM41764 (99.1 %) and Streptomyces yogyakartensis DSM 41766 (99.1 %). The strain formed a distinct monophyletic line within the 16S rRNA gene sequence phylogenetic tree. The DNA-DNA hybridization studies showed 72.7 % homology to Streptomyces rapamycinicus. HM 35T shows the typical morphology found among members of the Streptomyces violaceusniger/S. hygroscopicus group but can be well differentiated from closely related species by other phenotypic markers. On the results of phenotypic and genotypic studies, strain HM 35T (Type strain HM 35T = DSM 41954 T = CCUG 57623T) is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Streptomyces, for which the name Streptomyces iranensis is proposed.

Rhodocytophaga aerolata gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Cytophagaceae isolated from air [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Anandham, R., Weon, H.-Y., Kim, S.-J., Kim, Y.-S., Kwon, S.-W. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:18 PDT

A bacterial strain, designated 5416T-29T, was isolated from air sample and characterized using a polyphasic approach. Colonies were reddish-pink in color and circular with entire margins. Cells were strictly aerobic, Gram-staining-negative, oxidase and catalase positive rods devoid of flagellar and gliding motility. Flexirubin- type pigments were absent. The strain formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the family Cytophagaceae of the phylum Bacteroidetes. No recognized species showed >87% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to strain 5416T-29T. The major cellular fatty acids were C16:15c, iso-C17:0 3-OH, and iso-C15:0. The polar lipids consisted of phosphatidylethanolamine, one unknown amino lipid and several unknown polar lipids. Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) was the major respiratory quinone. The G+C content of the DNA was 45.5 mol%. Results of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses clearly indicate that strain 5416T-29T represents a new genus and species within the family Cytophagaceae for which the name Rhodocytophaga aerolata gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 5416T-29T (KACC 12507T=DSM 22190T).

Candida laoshanensis sp. nov. and Candida qingdaonensis sp. nov., novel anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species isolated from decayed wood [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Wang, S.-A., Li, F.-L., Bai, F.-Y. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:25 PDT

During the investigation of natural yeast strains utilizing D-xylose as the sole carbon source, eight strains isolated from decayed wood were found to represent two novel anamorphic, ascomycetous yeast species based on sequence analysis of the 26S rDNA D1/D2 domain and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) region and phenotypic characterization. The names Candida laoshanensis sp. nov. (type strain MLRW 6-2T = AS 2.4030T = CBS 11389T) and Candida qingdaonensis sp. nov. (type strain MLRW 7-1T = AS 2.4031T = CBS 11390T) are proposed for them. The close relatives of the two new species are Candida pomicola and Candida marilandica, respectively.

Enterorhabdus caecimuris sp. nov., a novel member of the family Coriobacteriaceae isolated from a mouse model of spontaneous colitis [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Clavel, T., Duck, W., Charrier, C., Wenning, M., Elson, C., Haller, D. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:24 PDT

The C3H/HeJBir mouse model of intestinal inflammation was used for isolation of a Gram-positive, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterium (B7T) from cecal suspensions. On the basis of partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, B7T is a member of the class Actinobacteria, family Coriobacteriaceae, and is closely related to Enterorhabdus mucosicola (97.6 %). The major fatty acid of strain B7T is C16:0 (19.1 %). Respiratory quinones are mono- and dimethylated. Cells are aerotolerant but grow only under anoxic conditions. They do not convert the isoflavone daidzein and are resistant to cefotaxime. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization and additional physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain B7T from E. mucosicola. Strain B7T therefore represents a new species, for which the name Enterorhabdus caecimuris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is B7T (= DSM 21839T, = CCUG 56815T)

Labrys wisconsinensis sp. nov., a novel, budding bacterium isolated from Lake Michigan water and emended description of the genus Labrys [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:19 PDT

Two facultatively anaerobic, budding bacteria designated W1215-PCA4T and SRNK-1 were isolated from Lake Michigan water. The two strains showed identical ERIC-PCR generated genomic fingerprints and shared 99.9 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain W1215-PCA4T was to Labrys monachus VKM-B1479T (95.8%), Labrys methylaminiphilus DSM16812T (95.1%), Labrys okinawensis MAFF 210191T (96.0%), Labrys miyagiensis G24103T (95.4%), Labrys neptuniae BCRC 17578T (95.7%) and Labrys portucalensis DSM 17916T (95.8%). These data suggest that the two strains are members of a single novel Labrys species. The major cellular fatty acids were C18:1 7c, C19:0 cyclo 8c and C16:0. The polar lipid profiles were highly similar to that of Labrys monachus DSM 5896T. The primary quinone was ubiquinone Q-10 with minor amounts of Q-9 and Q-11. sym-Homospermidine was the predominating polyamine with putrescine present in moderate amounts. The two strains were identical in biochemical and physiological traits but distinguishable from other Labrys species. Hence the description of a novel Labrys species appears to be justified for which we propose the name Labrys wisconsinensis. The type strain is W1215-PCA4T (DSM 19619T = NRRL B51088T).

Stenotrophomonas ginsengisoli sp. nov., a bacterium isolated from a ginseng field [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:23 PDT

Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, rod-shaped bacterium was isolated from soil from a ginseng field in South Korea and is characterized in order to determine their taxonomic position. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that strain DCY01T belongs to the gamma subclass of the Proteobacteria. The highest degree of sequence similarity was determined to be Stenotrophomonas koreensis KCTC 12211T (98.4%), Stenotrophomonas humi R-32729T (97.2%), Stenotrophomonas terrae R-32768 (97.1%), Stenotrophomonas maltophilia DSM 50170T (96.9%) and Stenotrophomonas nitritireducens DSM 12575T (96.8%). Chemotaxonomic data revealed that strain DCY01T possesses a quinone system with the predominant compound Q-8 and the predominant fatty acids are C15:0 iso (28.2%), C16:0 10-methyl (13.2%), C15:1 iso-F (10.8%) and C15:0 (7.5%), all of which corroborated our assignment of strain DCY01T to the Stenotrophomonas genus. The results of DNA-DNA hybridization, physiological and biochemical tests clearly demonstrated that strain DCY01T represent a distinct species. Based on these data, DCY01T (= KCTC 12539T = NBRC 101154T) should be classified as the type strain for a novel Stenotrophomonas species, for which the name Stenotrophomonas ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed.

Koreibacter algae gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from seaweed [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Lee, D. W., Lee, S. D. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:22 PDT

A Gram-positive, aerobic, non-motile, rod-shaped actinomycete, designated strain DSW-2T, was isolated from a seaweed sample collected around Mara Island, Jeju, Republic of Korea. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strain DSW-2T belongs to the suborder Micrococcineae and forms a distinct clade separated from representatives of the several families of this order. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between the novel strain and members of this suborder were lower than 96.4%. The peptidoglycan type is A3 with Lys-Ser as the interpeptide bridge. Whole-cell sugars are glucose and galactose. The major menaquinone is MK-9(H4). The predominant fatty acid is ai-C15:0. The polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. The DNA G+C content is 68.3 mol%. On the basis of the chemotaxonomic markers and phylogenetic distinctiveness presented here, it is evident that the isolate constitutes a novel taxon within the suborder Micrococcineae. The name Koreibacter algae gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for the creation of a new genus, with the type strain DSW-2T (= KCTC 13436T = DSM 22126T).

Variovorax ginsengisoli sp. nov., a denitrifying bacterium isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Im, W.-T., Liu, Q.-M., Lee, G.-J., Lee, S.-T., Yi, T.-H. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:19 PDT

A Gram-negative, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, non-spore-forming, motile, rod-shaped bacterium (Gsoil 3165T) was isolated from soil of a ginseng field of Pocheon in South Korea, and was characterized in order to determine its taxonomic position using a polyphasic approach. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, strain Gsoil 3165T was shown to belong to the family Comamonadaceae in Betaproteobacteria related to Variovorax boronicumulans (98.9%), Variovorax paradoxus (98.3%), Variovorax soli (98.2%) and Variovorax dokdonensis (96.6 %). The phylogenetic distance from any other validly described species within the family Comamonadaceae was less than 97.0%. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 66%. Phenotypic and chemotaxonomic data (major ubiquinone - Q-8, major fatty acids - C16:0 and C17:0 cyclo) supported the affiliation of strain Gsoil 3165T to the genus Variovorax. The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed genotypic and phenotypic differentiation of strain Gsoil 3165T from the four Variovorax species with validly published names. Gsoil 3165T therefore represents a novel species, for which the name Variovorax ginsengisoli sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Gsoil 3165T (= KCTC 12583T = LMG 23392T).

Ochrobactrum ciceri sp. nov., isolated from nodules of Cicer arietinum in Pakistan [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:19 PDT

A Gram-staining-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacterial strain Ca-34T was isolated from nodules of chickpea and studied for its taxonomic affiliation. The almost full-length 16S rRNA gene sequence showed highest similarities with those of strains of the genus Ochrobactrum. Based on MALDI-TOF and 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (98.6%) strain Ca-34T and O. intermedium LMG 3301T are phylogenetic neighbors; both strains shared a DNA-DNA similarity value of 64%. The presence of common fatty acids (predominantly C18:17c [67.7%] and C19:O cyclo8c [19.6%]) also supported the genus affiliation. Metabolically, strain Ca-34T is different from individual other type strains of Ochrobactrum in many reactions and from all type strains in positive gelatine-hydrolysis, especially in negative assimilation of alanineamide and L-threonine. Based on phenotypic and genotypic data we conclude that strain Ca-34T (DSM 22292, CCUG 57879) represents the type strain of a novel species for which we propose the name Ochrobactrum ciceri sp. nov.

Enterobacter arachidis sp. nov., a plant-growth promoting diazotrophic bacterium isolated from rhizosphere soil of groundnut [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:18 PDT

A methylotrophic nitrogen fixing bacterial strain Ah-143T isolated from the rhizosphere soil of field grown groundnut was analyzed by a polyphasic taxonomic study. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis combined with rpoB gene sequence analysis allocated the strain Ah-143T to the family Enterobacteriaceae with Enterobacter radicincitans, and Enterobacter cowanii as closest relatives. The strain is Gram-negative, non-spore forming, aerobic, motile, showing straight rod-shaped cells with a DNA G+C content of about 53.2 mol%. The strain utilize methanol as the carbon source and the mxaF gene was closely related to the mxaF gene of Methylobacterium. The fatty acids profile consisted of C16:0, C17:0 cyclo, C18:17c, summed feature 2 (C16:1 ISO I and/or C14:0 3-OH) and summed feature 3 (iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:17c) as the major components. DNA-DNA relatedness of strain Ah-143T with its close relatives was less than 20%. On the basis of the phylogenetic analyses, DNA-DNA hybridization data, and unique physiological and biochemical characteristics, it is proposed that the strain represents a novel species of the genus Enterobacter and named as Enterobacter arachidis sp. nov. The type strain is Ah-143T (=NCIMB 14469T = KCTC 22375T).

Chitinophaga vermicomposti sp. nov., with antifungal activity, isolated from vermicompost [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Yasir, M., Aslam, Z., Song, G. C., Bibi, F., Jeon, C. O., Chung, Y. R. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:20 PDT

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterial strain, YC6729T, was isolated from the vermicompost (VC) collected at Masan, Korea and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain YC6729T grew optimally at 30°C and at pH 6.5-8.5. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YC6729T belongs to the genus Chitinophaga in the family Chitinophagaceae. Most closely related species are Chitinophaga terra KP01T (96.4 %), Chitinophaga ginsengisegetis Gsoil 040T (96.1 %) and Chitinophaga arvensicola IAM 12650T (96.1 %). Strain YC6729T contained MK-7 as the major menaquinone and homospermidine as the major polyamine. The major fatty acids of strain YC6729T C15:0 iso, C16:15c and C17:0 iso 3-OH. The total DNA G+C content was 48.9 mol%. The phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data showed that strain YC6729T represents a novel species of the genus Chitinophaga, for which the name Chitinophaga vermicomposti sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YC6729T (= KACC 13774T = DSM 22224T).

Shewanella xiamenensis sp. nov., isolated from coastal sea sediment in China [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Huang, J., Sun, B., Zhang, X. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:21 PDT

A Gram-negative, motile, rod-shaped bacterium, strain S4T, was isolated from coastal sediment collected off Xiamen, China. The physiological and biochemical features, obtained from API 20NE, API ZYM, and Biolog GN2 system, were similar to those of the Shewanella genus. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA and gyrB gene sequences place strain S4T in the genus Shewanella and was most closely related to the species S. oneidensis and related species. DNA-DNA hybridization demonstrated only 11.9-30.4% relatedness between S4T and the type strains of related Shewanella species. On the basis of phylogenetic and phenotypic characteristics, strain S4T was classified in the genus Shewanella as a distinct novel species, for which the name Shewanella xiamenensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is S4T (=CCTCC M 209017T=JCM 16212T).

Actinomyces timonensis sp. nov., isolated from a patient osteo-articular sample [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Renvoise, A., Raoult, D., Roux, V. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:23 PDT

Gram-positive, non spore-forming rods were isolated from a human osteo-articular sample (strain 7400942T). Based on cellular morphology and the results of biochemical traits, this strain was tentatively identified as a new species of the genus Actinomyces. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison showed that the bacterium was closely related to Actinomyces denticolens (96.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity). Comparison of biochemical traits showed that strain 7400942T was distinct from A. denticolens : nitrate reduction was negative; beta-galactosidase, alpha-glucosidase and alanine arylamidase were negative; acid production from N-acetylglucosamine, D-melezitose and glycogen were positive; acid production from D-turanose was negative. MALDI-TOF MS protein analysis confirmed that strain 7400942T represented a new species as score obtained for its spectra were significant (>2.2) only with strain 7400942T. On the basis of phenotypic data and phylogenetic inference, it is proposed that this strain should be designated Actinomyces timonensis sp. nov., the type strain is strain 7400942T (CSUR P35T = CCUG 55928T).

Sporolactobacillus putidus sp. nov., endospore-forming lactic bacterium isolated from spoiled orange juice [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Fujita, R., Mochida, K., Kato, Y., Goto, K. — Fri, 14 Aug 2009 14:19:21 PDT

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming lactic acid bacterium was isolated from spoiled orange juice. The organism, strain QC81-06^T, grew microanaerobically or anaerobically at 30-45°C (optimum 35°C) and pH 3.5-5.5 (optimum pH 4.5), and produced acid from various sugars. D-lactic acid was produced. It contained menaquinone-7 as the major isoprenoid quinone. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 47.5 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids of the strain were iso-C16:0, anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C17:0. Phylogenetic analyses based on the 16S rRNA gene (16S rDNA) and gyrB gene (DNA gyrase B subunit gene) revealed that strain QC81-06^T clustered with Sporolactobacillus species but the strain was clearly distinct from other Sporolactobacillus species with significant bootstrap values. The level of the 16S rDNA sequence similarities between strain QC81-06^T and the other strains of the cluster was 96.1-97.1% and the level of gyrB gene sequence similarities between strain QC81-06^T and the other strains was 75.1-77.2%. On the basis of these results, strain QC81-06^T should be classified as a novel Sporolactobacillus species. The name Sporolactobacillus putidus is proposed for this organism. The type strain of Sporolactobacillus putidus is strain QC81-06^T (=DSM 21265^T=JCM 15325^T).

Gracilibacillus ureilyticus sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium from a saline-alkali soli [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Huo, Y.-Y., Xu, X.-W., Cui, H.-L., Wu, M. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:52 PDT

A Gram-positive, halotolerant, neutrophilic and rod-shaped bacterium, strain MF38^T, was isolated from saline-alkali soli in China and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic characterization. This isolate grew in the presence of 0-15 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 6.5-8.5; optimum growth was observed with 3.0% (w/v) NaCl and at pH 7.0. Chemotaxonomic analysis showed MK-7 as predominant respiratory quinone, and anteiso-C_15:0, anteiso-C_17:0, iso-C_15:0, C_17:0 and C_16:0 as major fatty acids. The genomic DNA G + C content was 35.3 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of strain MF38^T with described Gracilibacillus species ranged from 95.3 to 97.7 %. Strain MF38^T exhibited the closest phylogenetic affinity to the type strain of G. dipsosauri with 97.7 % sequence similarity. The DNA-DNA reassociation values between strain MF38^T and G. dipsosauri DSM 11125^T was 45 %. On the basis of phenotypic and genotypic data, strain MF38^T represents a novel species of the genus Gracilibacillus, for which the name Gracilibacillus ureilyticus sp. nov. (type strain MF38^T = CGMCC 1.7727^T = JCM 15711^T) is proposed.

Emended description of the genus Actinokineospora Hasegawa 1988 and transfer of Amycolatopsis fastidiosa Henssen et al. 1987 as Actinokineospora fastidiosa comb. nov. [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Labeda, D. P., Price, N. P., Tan, G. Y. A., Goodfellow, M., Klenk, H.-P. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:55 PDT

The species Amycolatopsis fastidiosa was proposed by Henssen et al. (1987), based on morphological and chemotaxonomic observations, for a strain originally described as 'Pseudonocardia fastidiosa' by Celmer et al. in a US Patent issued in 1977. In the course of a phylogenetic study of the valid taxa within the suborder Pseudonocardineae based on 16S rRNA gene sequences it became apparent that this species was misplaced in the genus Amycolatopsis. After careful evaluation of the phylogeny, morphology, chemotaxonomy, and physiology of this strain it was concluded that is a species of the genus Actinokineospora that is unable to produce motile spores. The description of the genus Actinokineospora is therefore emended to accommodate species that do not produce motile spores and it is proposed that this species be transferred to the genus Actinokineospora as Actinokineospora fastidiosa comb. nov. The type strain of the species is NRRL B-16697T = ATCC 31181T = DSM 43855T = JCM 3276T = NBRC 14105T = VKM Ac-1419T.

Kazachstania taianensis sp. nov., a novel ascomycetous yeast species from orchard soil [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Chen, R., Wei, S.-C., Jiang, Y.-M., Wang, Q.-M., Bai, F.-Y. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:56 PDT

Three teleomorphic ascomycetous yeast strains (TA11TR-1T, TA11TR-4 and TA11TR-6) isolated from the orchard soil from Tai'an, Shandong province, China, were revealed to represent a novel species within the genus Kazachstania based on phenotypic characterization and sequence analyses of the 18S rRNA gene, internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions and 26S rRNA gene D1/D2 domain. The name Kazachstania taianensis sp. nov. (type strain TA11TR-1T = AS 2.4160T = CBS 11405T) is proposed. K. taianensis sp. nov. was clustered in a branch together with Kazachstania sinensis, Kazachstania naganishii and the Kazachstania telluris complex with moderate bootstrap support in the neighbour-joining tree constructed from combined 18S and D1/D2 sequences. The new species possessed special ITS 1 (338 bp) and ITS 2 (488 bp) sequences. The total length of the ITS-5.8S rDNA region of the species was 983 bp, being much longer than those of other ascomycetous yeast species described so far.

Candida halmiae sp. nov., Geotrichum ghanense sp. nov. and Candida awuaii sp. nov., novel yeast species isolated from Ghanaian cocoa fermentations [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Nielsen, D. S., Jakobsen, M., Jespersen, L. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:51 PDT

During an investigation of the microbiology of Ghanaian cocoa fermentations a number of yeast isolates with unusual pheno- and genotypic properties representing three putatively novel species were isolated. Group A divided by multilateral budding and ascospores were not produced. Group B produced true hyphae and ascospores were not produced. Group C divided by budding, formed chains and star-like aggregates. Ascospores were not produced. Sequence analysis of the 26S rRNA gene (D1/D2-region, similarity in brackets) revealed that the isolates were phylogenetically closest related to: Group A; Saturnispora mendoncae (92.4 %), Saturnispora besseyi (88.8 %), Saturnispora saitoi (88.8%) and Saturnispora ahearnii (88.3 %). Group B; the genera Dipodascus, Galactomyces and the asporogenous Geotrichum but in all cases with 26S rRNA gene (D1/D2-region) similarities below 87 %. Group C; Candida rugopelliculosa (92.4 %), Pichia occidentalis (91.6 %) and Pichia exigua (91.9 %). The very low similarities obtained for all 3 putatively novel species clearly indicated that the isolates represent novel species. Repetitive Palindromic PCR (Rep-PCR) of the isolates and their closest phylogenetic relatives confirmed that the isolates belong to previously undescribed species. In conclusion, based on the genetic and phenotypic results the isolates were considered to represent 3 novel species, for which the names Candida halmiae (group A, type strain G3T = CBS 11009T = CCUG 56721T); Geotrichum ghanense (group B, type strain G6T = CBS 11010T = CCUG 56722T) and Candida awuaii (group C, type strain G15T = CBS 11011T = CCUG 56723T) are proposed.

Wickerhamomyces patagonicus sp. nov., an ascomycetous yeast species from Patagonia, Argentina [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

de Garcia, V., Brizzio, S., Libkind, D., Rosa, C. A., van Broock, M. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:54 PDT

Eight strains of a novel yeast species were isolated from tree saps of Nothofagus dombeyi (Nothofagacea) and glacial meltwater (Castaño Overo River) in the Nahuel Huapi National Park (NHNP), Patagonia, Argentina. The sequences of the D1/D2 domains of the large subunit of the rRNA gene showed that this new yeast species belongs to the Wickerhamomyces clade. Its closest related species were Candida ponderosae and W. chambardii. The novel species, Wickerhamomyces patagonicus, is proposed to accommodate this new species, with the type strain CRUB 1724T (=CBS 11398 =JCM 16381).

Corynebacterium pilbarense sp. nov., a non-lipophilic species isolated from a Bactec anaerobic vial inoculated with an ankle aspirate [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Aravena-Roman, M., Sproer, C., Straubler, B., Inglis, T., Yassin, A. F. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:56 PDT

A non-lipophilic coryneform bacterium isolated from anaerobic Bactec Bottle inoculated with ankle of a man was characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. Chemotaxonomic investigations revealed the presence of short chain mycolic acids consistent with the genus Corynebacterium. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis demonstrated that the isolate displayed 92.0 % to 99.0 % sequence similarities with members of the genus Corynebacterium with Corynebacterium ureicelerivorans as its phylogenetic most close species (99.0 % sequence similarity). However, the isolate could be genomically separated from Corynebacterium ureicelerivorans on the basis of the result of DNA-DNA hybridization (39.5 % relatedness). Furthermore, the isolate could also be differentiated from C. ureicelerivorans and other species of the genus Corynebacterium on the basis of biochemical properties. Based on both phenotypic and phylogenetic evidences it is proposed that this isolate be classified as new species, Corynebacterium pilbarense sp. nov., and is represented by strain IMMIB WACC-658T (=DSM 45350T = CCUG 57942T).

Erythrobacter gangjinensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from seawater [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Lee, Y. S., Lee, D.-H., Kahng, H.-Y., Kim, E. M., Jung, J. S. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:50 PDT

A novel Gram-negative, aerobic, orange pigmented bacterial strain, designated K7-2T, was isolated from seawater of Gangjin Bay, the southern part of Korea, and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. Strain K7-2T contained ubiquinone-10 (Q-10) as the predominant respiratory lipoquinone and did not produce bacteriochlorophyll a. The isolate contained C18:17c (51.4 %), iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:17c (15.0 %), and C17:16c (8.8 %) as major fatty acid. Major polar lipids were phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylcholine. The DNA G+C content was 61.6 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain K7-2T form a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the cluster comprising Erythrobacter species. Similarities between the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain K7-2T and the type strains of Erythrobacter species ranged from 95.0 % (with Erythrobacter litoralis) to 96.8 % (Erythrobacter citreus). On the basis of polyphasic taxonomic data, strain K7-2T (= KCTC 22330T = JCM 15420T) is classified as the type strain of a novel species within the genus Erythrobacter, for which the name Erythrobacter gangjinensis sp. nov. is proposed.

Yeasts isolated from a fungus-growing ant nest, including the description of Trichosporon chiarellii sp. nov., an anamorphic basidiomycetous yeast [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:48 PDT

Thirty-nine yeast strains were recovered from a field nest of a primitive and putative new attine ant species in the genus Myrmicocrypta (Hymenoptera: Formicidae: tribe Attini). Yeasts isolated from the fungus garden and waste deposit included Candida dubliniensis, Candida oleophila, Cryptococcus haglerorum, and Hanseniaspora uvarum. In addition, one morphological type was massively isolated. Sequencing data of partial LSU rDNA and ITS region coupled with morphological and physiological characterization accomodated this morpho-type in a separate taxonomic position in relation to the known species of the genus Trichosporon (Basidiomycota: Trichosporonales). Here, we propose a novel yeast species named Trichosporon chiarellii FCP540806T (= CBS 11177T) based on the description of 34 isolates.

Dioszegia antarctica sp. nov. and Dioszegia cryoxerica sp. nov., novel psychrophilic basidiomycetous yeasts from polar desert soils in Antarctica [NEW TAXA: Eukaryotic Micro-organisms]

Connell, L. B., Redman, R., Rodriguez, R., Barrett, A., Iszard, M., Fonseca, A. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:51 PDT

During a survey of the culturable soil fungal population in samples collected in Taylor Valley, South Victoria Land, Antarctica, thirteen basidiomycetous yeast strains with orange-coloured colonies were isolated. Phylogenetic analyses of ITS and partial LSU rRNA gene sequences showed that the strains belong to the Dioszegia clade of the Tremellales (Tremellomycetes, Agaricomycotina), but did not correspond to any of the hitherto recognised species. Two novel species, Dioszegia antarctica (CBS 10920T = PYCC 5970T) and D. cryoxerica (CBS 10919T = PYCC 5967T) are described to accommodate ten and three of those strains, respectively. Analysis of ITS sequences demonstrated intra-strain sequence heterogeneity in D. cryoxerica. The latter species is also notable for producing true mycelium with clamp connections and haustoria. However, no sexual structures were observed. The two novel species can be considered obligate psychrophiles since they failed to grow above 20 °C and grew best between 10 and 15 °C.

Deefgea chitinilytica sp. nov., isolated from a wetland [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Chen, W.-M., Chung, Y.-N., Chiu, T.-F., Cheng, C.-Y., Arun, A. B., Sheu, S.-Y. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:50 PDT

A bacterial strain designated Nsw-4T was isolated from a water sample of Niao-Song Wetland Park in Taiwan and was characterized using the polyphasic taxonomic approach. Strain Nsw-4 was Gram-negative, aerobic, ivory colored, rod-shaped, and motile by means of a flagellum. Growth occurred at 15-37 °C, pH 6-8 and 0-2 % NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the strain belonged to the genus Deefgea and its only closest neighbour was the type strain of Deefgea rivulu (96.98 %). The results of physiological and biochemical tests allowed the clear phenotypic differentiation of this isolate from D. rivulu WB3.4-79T. The major fatty acids were C16:17c and C16:0. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 53.79 mol%. On the basis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis and of the chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain Nsw-4T should be classified as representing a novel species and a second member in the genus Deefgea, for which the name Deefgea chitinilytica sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is Nsw-4T (= BCRC17934T = LMG24817T).

Halogranum rubrum gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from a marine solar saltern [NEW TAXA: Archaea]

Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:48 PDT

Two extremly halophilic archaea, strains RO2-11T and HO2-1, were isolated from two Chinese marine solar salterns, Rudong solar saltern and Haimen solar saltern, respectively. Cells of the two strains were polymorphic and Gram-negative, colonies were red-pigmented. The two strains grew at NaCl concentrations of 2.6-4.3 M (optimum at 3.9 M NaCl) and required at least 0.1 M Mg2+ for growth. They were able to grow over a pH range and a temperature range of 6.0-8.0 and 20-50 °C, with optimal pH of 7.5 and optimal temperature of 37 °C. The major polar lipids of strain RO2-11T and strain HO2-1 were phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester and three glycolipids, two of them chromatographically identical to S-DGD-1 and DGD-1, the third was unidentified. The 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of strain RO2-11T and strain HO2-1 was 99.3 % and highest sequence similarity with the closest relative (Haloferax larsenii) was 91.4 %. Based on the data obtained, the two isolates could not be classified in any recognized genus of the family Halobacteriaceae. Strain RO2-11T and strain HO2-1 are thus considered to represent a novel species of a new genus within the family Halobacteriaceae, for which the name Halogranum rubrum gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is RO2-11T (=CGMCC 1.7738T =JCM 15772T).

Fervidicella metallireducens gen. nov., sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic bacterium from geothermal waters [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Ogg, C. D., Patel, B. K. C. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:58 PDT

A strictly anaerobic thermophilic bacterium, designated strain AeBT, was isolated from microbial mats colonising a runoff channel formed by free-flowing thermal water from a Great Artesian Basin (GAB), Australia, bore well (Registered Number 17263). The cells of strain AeBT were slightly curved rods (2.5–6.0x1.0 µm) which stained Gram-negative and formed spherical terminal to subterminal spores. The strain grew optimally in Tryptone-Yeast Extract-Casamino acids (TYECas) medium at 50 °C (temperature growth range between 37 and 55 °C) and a pH of 7 (5 and 9). Strain AeBT grew poorly on yeast extract (0.2 %) and tryptone (0.2 %) as sole carbon sources, which were obligately required for growth on other energy sources. The growth of strain AeBT was increased in the presence of various carbohydrates and amino acids but not organic acids. End-products detected from glucose fermentation were ethanol, acetate, CO2 and H2. In the presence of 0.2 % yeast extract, iron(III), manganese(IV), vanadium(V) and cobalt(III) were reduced but not sulfate, thiosulfate, sulfite, elemental sulphur, nitrate, or nitrite. Iron(III) was also reduced in the presence of tryptone, peptone, casamino acids and amyl media (Research Achievement) but not starch, xylan, chitin, glycerol, ethanol, pyruvate, benzoate, lactate, acetate, propionate, succinate, glycine, serine, lysine, threonine, arginine, glutamate, valine, leucine, histidine, alanine, aspartate, isoleucine and methionine. Growth was inhibited by chloroamphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, penicillin, ampicillin and NaCl concentrations greater than 2 %. The G+C content of DNA was 35.4±1 mol% as determined by the thermal denaturation (Tm) method. 16S rRNA sequence analysis indicated that strain AeBT was a member of the family Clostridiaceae, class Clostridia, phylum Firmicutes, and is positioned approximately equidistance between the genera Sarcina, Anaerobacter, Caloramator and Clostridium (closest rDNA similarity value 87.8-90.9 %). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons and physiological characteristics, strain AeBT is considered to represent a novel species of a new genus, for which the name Fervidicella metallireducens gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is AeBT (=JCM 15556T =KCTC 5667T).

Pseudofulvimonas gallinarii gen. nov., sp. nov., a new member of the family Xanthomonadaceae [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:58 PDT

A Gram-negative, rod-shaped, oxidase positive, non-spore-forming bacterium (Sa15T), was isolated from the air in a duck stable. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, the organism was grouped into the class gammaproteobacteria in the neighbourhood of the genus Fulvimonas. The quinone system consisted exclusively of ubiquinone Q-8. The polar lipid profile was mainly composed of the major lipids diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylmonomethylethanolamine, phosphatidylcholine and moderate amounts of phosphatidylglycerol and an unidentified lipid. This profile was substantially different from that of Fulvimonas soli LMG 19981T examined concurrently. The polyamine pattern showed the predominant amine spermidine. Major fatty acids (iso C15:0, iso C17:19c, and iso C17:0) were in agreement with its phylogenetic affiliation in the vicinity of Fulvimonas, however, differences in the polar lipid and fatty acid patterns and polyamine profiles could be observed as well. On the basis of DNA-DNA pairing results, chemotaxonomic data and physiological and biochemical data, the strain can be clearly differentiated from Fulvimonas soli. It is evident that this organism represents a novel genus, for which the name Pseudofulvimonas gallinarii gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain Sa15T (= DSM 21944T = CCM 7599T).

Brevundimonas basaltis sp. nov., isolated from black sand [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Choi, J.-H., Kim, M.-S., Roh, S. W., Bae, J.-W. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:57 PDT

A Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped, motile Brevundimonas-like bacterial strain, J22T, was isolated from black sand collected from Soesoggak, Jeju Island, Korea. Growth of strain J22T was observed in R2A medium at temperatures between 10 and 42 °C (optimum 30 °C), between pH 6.5 and 10.5 (optimum pH 7.5), and NaCl between 0 and 4 % (w/v) (optimum 0 to 1 %). Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain J22T belonged to the genus Brevundimonas, with high sequence similarities of >97% to the sequence of the type strains B. alba CB88T, B. lenta DS-18T, B. variabilis CB17T, Mycoplana bullata TK0051T, B. kwangchunensis KSL-102T, B. intermedia CB63T, B. subvibrioides CB81T, and B. bacteroides CB7T. Strain J22T exhibited DNA-DNA relatedness values of less than 22.2 % with the phylogenetically related species of the genus Brevundimonas. The DNA G+C content of strain J22T was 66.3 mol%. The predominant cellular fatty acids were C18:17c, C16:0, C16:19c and C12:0 3-OH. Phylogenetic, genomic and biochemical characteristics served to differentiate this isolate from recognized members of the genus Brevundimonas. Strain J22T (= KCTC 22177T = JCM 15911T) should be classified as the type strain of a novel species in the genus Brevundimonas, for which the name Brevundimonas basaltis sp. nov. is proposed.

Rhizobium soli sp. nov., isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Yoon, J.-H., Kang, S.-J., Yi, H.-S., Oh, T.-K., Ryu, C.-M. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:49 PDT

A Gram-negative, non-motile, pale yellow and rod-shaped bacterial strain, DS-42T, was isolated from a soil of Korea, and its taxonomic position was investigated by a polyphasic study. Strain DS-42T grew optimally at 25 °C and pH 7.0-8.0. Strain DS-42T did not form any nodules on three different legumes and the nodD and nifH genes also were not detected by PCR. Strain DS-42T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone. The major cellular fatty acid was C18:17c. The DNA G+C content was 60.8 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene, atpD geneand recA gene sequences showed that strain DS-42T belonged to the genus Rhizobium. Strain DS-42T showed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values of 94.1-97.7 % to the type strains of recognized Rhizobium species. DNA-DNA relatedness values between strain DS-42T and the type strains of Rhizobium huautlense, Rhizobium galegae, Rhizobium loessense and Rhizobium cellulosilyticum were 13-19 %, indicating that strain DS-42T differs genetically from them. Strain DS-42T was differentiated from four phylogenetically related Rhizobium species by differential phenotypic properties. On the basis of phenotypic properties, phylogenetic distinctiveness and genetic data, strain DS-42T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Rhizobium, for which the name Rhizobium soli sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is DS-42T (=KCTC 12873T =JCM 14591T).

Ignavibacterium album gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately thermophilic anaerobic bacterium isolated from microbial mats at a terrestrial hot spring, and proposal of Ignavibacteria classis nov. for a novel lineage at the periphery of the green sulfur bacteria [NEW TAXA: Other Bacteria]

Iino, T., Mori, K., Uchino, Y., Nakagawa, T., Harayama, S., Suzuki, K.-i. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:55 PDT

A moderately thermophilic chemoheterotrophic bacterium, strain Mat9-16T, was isolated from microbial mats developed in hot spring water streams from Yumata, Nagano, Japan. Cells of strain Mat9-16T were strictly anaerobic, Gram-negative, non-sporulating, non-motile and short to long rods (2.0-15.5 µm in length). Strain Mat9-16T grew fermentatively with the optimum growth at 45 °C, pH 7.0-7.5 and 1 % NaCl (w/v). Phylogenetic analysis based on the 16S rRNA gene revealed that strain Mat9-16T was affiliated with an uncultivated lineage, and the nearest cultivated neighbours were green sulfur bacteria belonging to the class Chlorobea with 77-83 % sequence similarity. However, strain Mat9-16T could not grow phototrophically, and did not possess the light-harvesting structures morphologically and genetically such as chlorosome of green sulfur bacteria. On the basis of the phenotypic features and the phylogenetic position, novel genus and species are proposed for strain Mat9-16T, to be named Ignavibacterium album (= NBRC 101810T = DSM 19864T). We also propose to subdivide the cultivated bacterial lineage accommodating the sole representative Mat9-16T as the novel class, Ignavibacteriae classis nov. In addition, we formally propose the valid publication of the tentative phylum-level taxon 'Chlorobi' into Chlorobi phyl. nov.

Caldanaerobacter uzonensis sp. nov., an anaerobic, thermophilic, heterotrophic bacterium isolated from hot springs [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:49 PDT

An anaerobic thermophilic bacterium, strain K67T, was isolated from a terrestrial hot spring of Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka Peninsula. Analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the novel isolate belongs to the genus Caldanaerobacter, with 95 % 16S rRNA identity with the type strain Caldanaerobacter subterraneus subsp. subterraneus, thus representing a novel species of the genus Caldanaerobacter. The novel isolate was characterized as an obligate anaerobe, thermophile, growing at temperatures from 50 to 75°C with the optimum at 68-70°C, neutrophile, growing in the pH^{25 °C} range from 4.8 to 8.0, with the optimum at 6.8, and an obligate organotroph, growing by fermentation of various sugars, peptides and polysaccharides. Major fermentation products were acetate, H2 and CO2; ethanol, lactate and L-alanine were formed in less amount. Thiosulfate stimulated the growth and was reduced to hydrogen sulfide. Nitrate, sulfate, sulfite and elemental sulfur were not reduced and did not stimulate the growth. Thus, according to phylogenetic position and phenotypic novelties (lower temperature characteristics of the growth, the ability to grow on arabinose, the inability to reduce elemental sulfur in the course of growth, formation of alanine as a minor fermentation product), a novel species, Caldanaerobacter uzonensis, sp. nov. is proposed, with the type strain K67T, (DSM 18923T and VKM B-2408T).

Tistlia consotensis gen. nov., sp. nov., an aerobic, chemoheterotrophic, free-living, nitrogen-fixing alphaproteobacterium isolated from a Colombian saline spring [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Diaz-Cardenas, C., Patel, B. K. C., Baena, S. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:50 PDT

A Gram-negative, aerobic, mesophilic, non-spore-forming, chemotrophic, chlorophyll-lacking, nitrogen-fixing bacterium, designated strain USBA 355^T, was isolated from the saline spring Salado de Consota situated in the Colombian Andes. The non-flagellated cells of strain USBA 355^T were straight to slightly curved rods (0.6-0.7x3.0-3.5 µm). Growth occurred optimally at 30 °C (growth temperature range between 20 and 40 °C at pH of 6.5 to 6.7 (pH growth range between 5.0 and 8.0 and 0.5 % (w/v) NaCl (range between 0 and 4 %). The major quinone present was Q-10 and the predominant fatty acids identified were C19:0 cyclo 8c, C18:17c and C18:0. The G+C mol% of the chromosomal DNA was 71±1 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain USBA 355^T formed a distant phylogenetic line of descent with member of the genus Thalassobaculum, family Rhodospirillaceae, class Alphaproteobacteria (90% similarity). Comparison of the phylogenetic, chemotaxonomic and physiological features of strain USBA 355^T with all other members of the family Rhodospirillaceae suggests that it represents a novel genus and species for which the name Tistlia consotensis gen. nov. sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is USBA 355^T = KCTC 22406^T = JCM 15529^T).

Parapusillimonas granuli gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from granules in a wastewater-treatment bioreactor [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Kim, Y.-J., Kim, M. K., Im, W.-T., Srinivasan, S., Yang, D.-C. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:53 PDT

A novel betaproteobacterium, designated Ch07T was isolated from the granule in a wastewater-treatment bioreactor of alcohol fermentation factory in South Korea, and was characterized using a polyphasic approach to determine its taxonomic position. The strain was Gram-negative, facultative anaerobic, non-spore-forming, motile, and short rod-shaped. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the strain Ch07T belongs to Betaproteobacteria being related to Pusillimonas noertemannii BN9T (97.30 %), Achromobacter xylosoxidans sub. xylosoxidans DSM 10346T (97.09 %), Bordetella pertussis DSM 5571T (97.01 %), Pigmentiphaga kullae DSM 13608T (96.68 %), and Castellaniella defragrans 54PinT (96.47 %). The results of DNA-DNA hybridization tests showed reassociation values were less than 62 % with respect to these closely related type strains. Chemotaxonomic data showed that strain Ch07T possessed ubiquinone Q-8. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 67.9±0.1 mol%. The major polyamine of the strain Ch07T was putrescine. The major polar lipids of strain Ch07T were phosphatidylethanolamine, followed by diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylglycerol. When the strain Ch07T was incubated on TSA (tryptic soy agar, BD), the major cellular fatty acids were C16:0, C17:0 cyclo, summed feature 3 (C16:17c/iso C15:0 2-OH) and summed feature 5 (C18:17c/9t/12t). The results of DNA-DNA hybridization in combination with chemotaxonomic and physiological data demonstrated that the strain Ch07T represents a novel species of the novel genus, for which the name Parapusillimonas granuli gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is train Ch07T (KCTC 12668T= LMG 24012T).

Reclassification of Herbaspirillum putei as a later heterotypic synonym of Herbaspirillum huttiense and description of Herbaspirillum aquaticum sp. nov. [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Dobritsa, A. P., Reddy, M. C. S., Samadpour, M. — Tue, 11 Aug 2009 08:23:54 PDT

Resequencing of the 16S rRNA gene of the type strain of Herbaspirillum putei Ding and Yokota 2004 showed its 99.9 % sequence similarity to that of Herbaspirillum huttiense (Leifson 1962) Ding and Yokota 2004. This high phylogenetic relatedness of H. putei and H. huttiense was confirmed by the results of hybridization of H. huttiense DNA to H. putei (reassociation value - 96 %). Therefore, it is proposed to reclassify the type strain of H. putei as a strain of H. huttiense. However, the genome size of the H. putei type strain is about 0.9 Mb more than that of the H. huttiense type strain. The outcome is decreasing the reassociation value in the reciprocal DNA-DNA hybridization to 72 %, a level slightly more than the threshold standard for delineating species. These data and distinctive phenotypic characteristics permit the description of two novel subspecies, for which the following names are proposed: Herbaspirillum huttiense subsp. huttiense subsp. nov. [with the type strain ATCC 14670T (=JCM 21423T =DSM 10281T)] and Herbaspirillum huttiense subsp. putei subsp. nov., comb. nov. [with the type strain JCM 21495T (=ATCC BAA-806T)]. Three bacterial strains, IEH 4430, IEH 4515 and IEH 8757, isolated from water were found to be the closest relatives of these strains. Strain IEH 8757 was classified as a H. huttiense subsp. putei strain. Studies of genotypic and phenotypic features of strains IEH 4430 and IEH 4515 showed that the strains represent a novel species, which is most closely related to H. huttiense and for which the name Herbaspirillum aquaticum sp. nov. is proposed [type strain is IEH 4430T (=DSM 21191T =ATCC BAA-1628T)].

Dactylosporangium maewongense sp. nov., isolated from a Thai soil [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Chiaraphongphon, S., Suriyachadkun, C., Tamura, T., Thawai, C. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:00 PDT

Morphological and chemotaxonomic characterization of actinomycete strain MW2-25T isolated from tropical forest soil in Nakhon Sawan Province, Thailand, clearly demonstrated that this strain belongs to the genus Dactylosporangium. Phylogenetic analysis using 16S rRNA gene sequences also indicated that this strain should be classified in the genus Dactylosporangium and showed that the closest relative was Dactylosporangium aurantiacum NBRC 12592T (99.3% sequence similarity). The DNA-DNA hybridization result and some physiological and biochemical properties indicated that this strain could be readily distinguished from the phylogenetically closest relatives. On the basis of these phenotypic and genotypic data, this strain represents a novel species, for which the name Dactylosporangium maewongense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is strain MW2-25T (=BCC 34832T =JCM 15933T).

Chryseoglobus frigidaquae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel genus of the family Microbacteriaceae [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Baik, K. S., Park, S. C., Kim, H. J., Lee, K. H., Seong, C. N. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:04 PDT

A motile, rod shaped and yellow pigmented bacterium, designated strain CW1T, was isolated from water-cooling system, Republic of Korea. Cells were Gram-positive, aerobic, catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Strain CW1T formed slender rods with unusual bulbous protuberances. The major fatty acids were iso-C16:1 (33.7 %), anteiso-C15:0 (27.2 %), iso-C14:0 (13.3 %) and C16:0 (10.8 %). The cell wall was B-type peptidoglycan [type B2β according to Schleifer & Kandler (1972)], containing lysine as the diamino acid. The long chain menaquinones expected for this isolate could not be detected in the present material. A phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain CW1T forms an evolutionary lineage within the radiation enclosing the members of the family Microbacteriaceae and related to, but distant from, the members of the genus Microcella and Yonghaparkia. On the basis of the evidences presented in this study, a novel genus and species, Chryseoglobus frigidaquae, gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed for strain CW1T (= KCTC 13142T =JCM 14730T ).

Deinococcus aerolatus sp. nov. and Deinococcus aerophilus sp. nov., isolated from air samples [NEW TAXA: Other Bacteria]

Yoo, S.-H., Weon, H.-Y., Kim, S.-J., Kim, Y.-S., Kim, B.-Y., Kwon, S.-W. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:29:57 PDT

Two strains of pink-coloured bacteria, 5516T-9T and 5516T-11T, were isolated from an air sample in Korea. The taxonomic status of those strains was investigated by means of a polyphasic approach. The novel strains were Gram-positive, aerobic, non-spore-forming, coccus-shaped bacteria. The DNA G+C contents of strains 5516T-9T and 5516T-11T were 61.0 and 59.3 mol%, respectively. The major isoprenoid quinone was MK-8. Strain 5516T-9T contained summed feature 3 (iso-C15:0 2-OH and/or C16:1 7c), C16:0 and iso-C17:19c, and 5516T-11T had summed feature 3, iso-C17:19c, C17:18c and C15:16c as the major fatty acids (>10 %). The polar lipid patterns of both strains were similar, commonly comprising one phospholipid and one aminophospholipid as the major components. Phylogenetic analyses using 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that both novel strains were affiliated to the genus Deinococcus. Strain 5516T-9T exhibited the highest sequence similarity with Deinococcus marmoris DSM 12784T (96.8 %), and strain 5516T-11T showed the highest sequence similarity with Deinococcus saxicola DSM 15974T (94.5 %). The sequence similarity between strains 5516T-9T and 5516T-11T was 94.7 %. On the basis of the data presented, it is evident that each of these strains represents a novel species of the genus Deinococcus, for which the names Deinococcus aerolatus sp. nov. (type strain 5516T-9T=KACC 12745T=JCM 15442T) and Deinococcus aerophilus sp. nov. (type strain 5516T-11T=KACC 12746T=JCM 15443T) are proposed.

Litoricola marina sp. nov [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Choi, A., Lee, K., Oh, H.-M., Feng, J., Cho, J.-C. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:08 PDT

On the basis of 16S rDNA sequence analysis and phenotypic and genotypic characterization, a novel species belonging to the genus Litoricola is described here. A marine bacterium (designated IMCC2782T) that showed Gram-negative, non-pigmented, non-motile and chemoheterotrophic properties was isolated from a surface seawater sample of the Yellow Sea, Korea. The new bacterium grew at 15-37 °C and tolerated 7.5 % NaCl. Based on 16S rDNA sequences, the bacterium was most closely related to Litoricola lipolytica (97.1 %) but showed less than 90 % similarity to other bacterial species. The predominant fatty acids were mono-unsaturated C18:1 and C16:1. The G+C content of the DNA was 59.6 mol%. A low genomic DNA relatedness (28.1%) together with several phenotypic characteristics including enzyme activities served to differentiate strain IMCC2782T from Litoricola lipolytica. Therefore, it is proposed that strain IMCC2782T represents a novel species named Litoricola marina sp. nov. The type strain is IMCC2782T (KCTC 22683T = NBRC 105824T).

Nocardioides daedukensis sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from soil [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Yoon, J.-H., Park, S., Kang, S.-J., Lee, J.-S., Lee, K. C., Oh, T.-K. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:04 PDT

A Gram-positive, non-motile and rod- or coccoid-shaped bacterial strain, MDN22T, was isolated from a soli in Korea. Strain MDN22T grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30°C and in the presence of 0-0.5% (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain MDN22T is most phylogenetically closely related to the genera Nocardioides and Marmoricola. In the neighbour-joining phylogenetic tree, strain MDN22T joined Nocardioides jensenii KCTC 9134T, with which it exhibited 98.3% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. It exhibited 93.1-96.9% and 95.3-95.9% 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities to type strains of other Nocardioides species and Marmoricola species, respectively. The chemotaxonomic properties of strain MDN22T were consistent with those of the genus Nocardioides; the cell-wall peptidoglycan type was based on LL-DAP, the predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4), and the major fatty acids were iso-C16:0 and 10-methyl-C17:0. The DNA G+C content was 68.7 mol%. DNA-DNA relatedness data and differential phenotypic properties suggested that strain MDN22T could be differentiated from Nocardioides jensenii and Nocardioides dubius. On the basis of the data obtained, strain MDN22T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Nocardioides, for which the name Nocardioides daedukensis sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is MDN22T (= KCTC 19601T = CCUG 57505T).

Pseudoruegeria lutimaris sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat sediment in Korea and emended description of the genus Pseudoruegeria [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Jung, Y.-T., Kim, B.-H., Oh, T.-K., Yoon, J.-H. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:29:57 PDT

A Gram-negative, non-motile and rod-shaped bacterial strain, HD-43T, was isolated from a tidal flat sediment collected from Hwang-do, an island of Korea. Strain HD-43T grew optimally at pH 7.0-8.0, at 30°C and in the presence of 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain HD-43T clustered with Pseudoruegeria aquimaris SW-255T. It exhibited 96.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 79.4 % gyrB sequence similarity to P. aquimaris SW-255T. Strain HD-43T contained Q-10 as the predominant ubiquinone and C18:1 7c as the major fatty acid. The major polar lipids were phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine, an unidentified aminolipid, an unidentified glycolipid and an unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C content was 73.5 mol%. Mean DNA-DNA relatedness value between strain HD-43T and P. aquimaris SW-255T was 5 %. Differential phenotypic properties of strain HD-43T demonstrated that it is clearly distinguishable from P. aquimaris. On the basis of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and phylogenetic data, strain HD-43T is considered to represent a novel species of the genus Pseudoruegeria, for which the name Pseudoruegeria lutimaris sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HD-43T (= KCTC 22690T = CCUG 57754T).

Georgenia halophila sp. nov., a novel halophilic actinobacterium isolated from a salt lake in China [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Tang, S.-K., Wang, Y., Lee, J.-C., Lou, K., Park, D.-J., Kim, C.-J., Li, W.-J. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:03 PDT

A Gram-positive actinobacterium, designated YIM 93316T, was isolated from a salt lake in Xinjiang province, north-west China and subjected to polyphasic taxonomy. The isolate grew at 10-45 °C, pH 6-9 and 1-15 % (w/v) NaCl, but no growth was observed in the absence of NaCl. The cell-wall diamino acid contained Ala, Glu and Lys with peptidoglycan type A4. The polar lipids contained diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidylinositol mannosides, one unknown glycolipid and one unknown phospholipid. The predominant menaquinone was MK-8(H4). The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0 and anteiso-C15:1. The DNA G+C content was 70.1 mol%. The chemotaxonomic properties supported the affiliation of strain YIM 93316T to the genus Georgenia. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence revealed that the organism belongs to the genus Georgenia. The similarities of 16S rRNA gene nucleotide sequences between strain YIM 93316T and Georgenia thermotolerans TT02-04T, Georgenia ruanii YIM 004T and Georgenia muralis 1A-CT were 96.6 %, 96.5 % and 96.3 %, respectively. The result of fatty acids, physiological and biochemical tests allowed phenotypic differentiation of strain YIM 93316T from members of the genus Georgenia. On the basis of polyphasic evidences, a novel species, Georgenia halophila sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIM 93316T (=DSM 21365T= CCTCC AB 208144T).

Methanoregula formicica sp. nov., a novel methane-producing archaeon isolated from methanogenic sludge [NEW TAXA: Archaea]

Yashiro, Y., Sakai, S., Ehara, M., Miyazaki, M., Yamaguchi, T., Imachi, H. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:29:56 PDT

A novel methane-producing archaeon, strain SMSPT was isolated from an anaerobic, propionate-degrading enrichment culture, which was originally obtained from granular sludge in a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor used to treat a beer brewery effluent. Cells were non-motile and blunt-ended straight rod-shaped, 1.0-2.6 µm long by 0.5 µm wide, and cells sometimes had up to 7 µm long. Cell division in rod-shaped cells was observed and asymmetrical. Also, coccoid cells (0.5-1.0 µm in diameter) were observed in the middle to late-exponential phase culture. Growth was observed between 10 and 40°C (optimum, 30-33°C) and pH 7.0 and 7.6 (optimum, pH 7.4). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 56.2 mol%. The strain utilized formate and hydrogen for growth and methane production. Based on comparative sequence analyses of the 16S rRNA gene and mcrA gene (encoding the alpha subunit of methyl-coenzyme M reductase, a key enzyme in the methane-producing pathway), strain SMSPT was affiliated with the group E1/E2 within the order Methanomicrobiales. The most closely related species based on both of the 16S rRNA and mcrA gene sequence was Methanoregula boonei strain 6A8T (96.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 85.4 % deduced McrA amino acid sequence similarity). The percentage of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity indicates that strain SMSPT and M. boonei are different species within the same genus. This is supported by our findings of shared phenotypic properties, including cell morphology and growth temperature range, and their phenotypic differences in substrate usage and pH range. Based on these genetic and phenotypic properties, we propose the strain SMSPT as a new species member of the same genus with M. boonei; hence we propose the name Methanoregula formicica sp. nov. for strain SMSPT (= NBRC 105244T, =DSM 22288T).

Herbidospora yilanensis sp. nov. and Herbidospora daliensis sp. nov., from soil in Taiwan [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Tseng, M., Yang, S.-F., Yuan, G.-F. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:29:55 PDT

Two actinomycete strains 0351M-12T and 0385M-1T were isolated from soil samples of the Yilan County and Dali City in Taiwan, respectively. The two isolates displayed similar characteristics as following and indicated they belong to Herbidospora genus. They both produced branched and unfragmented substrate mycelia, no distinct aerial hyphae were found. Short spore chains were borne on tips of sporophores arising from substrate mycelia. The spore chains present 10-20, non-motile, smooth-surfaced, oval spores. Galactose, glucose, mannose and madurose were the whole-cell sugars found in the two strains as well as meso-diaminopimelic acid present in their peptidoglycan. The pattern of phospholipid was PIV. The predominant menaquinones was MK-10(H4). Mycolic acids were not detected. Major cellular fatty acids were iso-C16:0 and 10-MeC17:0. However, further study indicated the two strains should belong to two new taxa. The DNA G+C contents of the two new isolates were 70.6 mol% (0351M-12T) and 70.7% (0385M-1T), respectively. We thus designated the names Herbidospora yilanensis sp. nov. and Herbidospora daliensis were proposed, with strains 0351M-12T (=FIRDI 003T =BCRC 16875T =LMG 24337T), and 0385M-1T (=FIRDI 004T =BCRC 16876T =LMG 24336T) as the type strains, respectively.

Rhodovulum steppense sp. nov., a new obligatory haloalkaliphilic purple nonsulfur bacterium widespread in saline soda lakes of Central Asia [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Kompantseva, E. I., Komova, A. V., Kostrikina, N. A. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:00 PDT

Seven strains of nonsulfur purple bacteria isolated from shallow water steppe soda lakes of cryoarid zone of Central Asia formed a genetically homogenous group within Rhodovulum genus. The isolates were most close to Rhodovulum strictum, from which they differed at the species level (99.5 % 16S rRNA gene identity and 42-44% DNA-DNA hybridization level). According to genotypic and phenotypic characteristics, the investigated strains were assigned to a new species of the genus Rhodovulum, for which the name Rhodovulum steppense is proposed. Cells of all strains were ovoid to rod-shaped, 0.3-0.8 µm in width and 1-2.5 µm in length, motile by means of polar flagella. They contained internal photosynthetic membranes of vesicular type and photosynthetic pigments (bacteriochlorophyll a and carotenoids of spheroidene series). All strains were obligate haloalkaliphiles, growing in wide ranges of salinity (0.3-10%) and pH (7.5-10), with growth optima at 1-5 % NaCl and pH 8.5. Photo- and chemoheterotrophic growth occurred with a number of organic compounds and biotin, thiamine, and niacin as growth factors. No anaerobic respiration on nitrite, nitrate, fumarate and no fermentation was demonstrated. Bacteria grew photo- and chemolithoautotrophically with sulfide, sulfur, and thiosulfate, oxidizing them to sulfate. Sulfide was oxidized via deposition of extracellular elemental sulfur. No growth with H2 as electron donor was demonstrated. The major fatty acid was 18:1 (81.0%). The major quinone was Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 66.1 mol% (Tm). The type strain A-20sT (=VKM B-2489 = DSM 21153; GenBank accession number EU741680) was isolated from soda lake Khilganta (Zabaikal'skii Krai, southern Siberia, Russia).

Cohnella fontinalis sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from fresh water [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Shiratori, H., Tagami, Y., Beppu, T., Ueda, K. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:07 PDT

A novel xylan-degrading bacterium, YT-1101^T, was isolated from fresh water. The isolate was a Gram-reaction-negative, aerobic, motile, endospore-forming and rod-shaped bacterium. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain YT-1101^T belonged to the genus Cohnella, sharing sequence similarities of less than 94 % with type species. The genomic G+C content was 58.6 mol %. Predominant menaquinone was MK-7. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, iso-C16:0 and iso-C15:0. Major polar lipids were diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine. On the basis of morphological, physiological and phylogenetic properties, strain YT-1101^T represents a novel species of the genus Cohnella, for which the name Cohnella fontinalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type stain is YT-1101^T (=NBRC 104957^T =DSM 21753^T ).

Alistipes indistinctus sp. nov., and Odoribacter laneus sp. nov., common members of the human intestinal microbiota isolated from faeces [NEW TAXA: Bacteroidetes]

Nagai, F., Morotomi, M., Watanabe, Y., Sakon, H., Tanaka, R. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:03 PDT

Two anaerobic, non-spore-forming, non-motile bacteria (YIT 12060^T and YIT 12061^T) that stained Gram negative, were isolated from human faeces. Cells of strain YIT 12060^T were coccoid to rods with round ends, positive for catalase, negative for indole- and oxidase production, produced succinic and acetic acids as end products of glucose metabolism and possessed a DNA G+C content of 55.2 mol%. The main respiratory quinones were MK-10 (40%) and MK-11 (57%). Fatty acid analysis demonstrated the presence of high concentration of iso-C_15:0 (56%). Following 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, this strain was found to be most closely related to Alistipes species, with 90.9-92.6% sequence similarity. The result of phylogenetic analysis and biochemical data supported the affiliation of strain YIT 12060^T to the genus Alistipes of the family 'Rikenellaceae'. Strain YIT 12060^T therefore represents a novel species of the genus Alistipes, for which the name Alistipes indistinctus sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is YIT 12060^T (= DSM 22520^T = JCM 16068^T). Cells of the other isolate, strain YIT 12061^T, were pleomorphic rod-shaped bacterium, asaccharolytic, catalase- and oxidase-negative, positive for gelatin hydrolysis and indole production, produced small amounts of succinic, acetic and iso-valeric acids as end products of metabolism in peptone/yeast extract medium and possessed a DNA G+C content of approximately 42.4 mol%. On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity values, this strain was shown to belong to the family 'Porphyromonadaceae' related to Odoribacter splanchnicus (89.6%) and Odoribacter denticanis (86.2%); similarity values with species within the family 'Porphyromonadaceae' with validly published names were less than 84%. Biochemical data supported the affiliation of strain YIT 12061^T to the genus Odoribacter. Strain YIT 12061^T therefore represents a novel species for which the name Odoribacter laneus sp. nov. is proposed; the type strain is YIT 12061^T (= DSM 22474^T = JCM 16069^T).

Sporosarcina contaminans sp. nov., and Sporosarcina thermotolerans sp. nov., two novel endospore-forming species [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Kampfer, P., Falsen, E., Lodders, N., Schumann, P. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:07 PDT

Two Gram-positive endospore-forming rods (CCUG 53915T and CCUG 53480T) were isolated from an industrial clean room floor and from a human blood sample and were studied for their taxonomic position. By 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity studies, both isolates clearly clustered with Sporosarcina species. Strain CCUG 53915T was most closely related to Sporosarcina koreensis and Sporosarcina soli showing 99.4% and 99.2% gene sequence similarities to these species, respectively. Strain CCUG 53480T showed the highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to S. koreensis (98.7%) and Sporosarcina saromensis (98.6%). Strains CCUG 53915T and CCUG 53480T show the peptidoglycan type A4 L-Lys-D-Glu. The quinone systems of both strains is composed of menaquinone MK-7 and lower amounts of MK-8. The polar lipid profile of the strains consisted of phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and three unidentified phospholipids. The fatty acids profiles comprising anteiso- iso- branched fatty acids supported the affiliation of the two isolates to the genus Sporosarcina. The results of physiological and biochemical tests and DNA-DNA hybridizations allowed a clear phenotypic and genotypic differentiation of both strains from the most closely related Sporosarcina species. For this reason, we propose for strain CCUG 53915T (=DSM 22204T) a new species with the name Sporosarcina contaminans sp. nov., and for strain CCUG 53480T (= DSM 22203T) a second new species with the name Sporosarcina thermotolerans sp. nov.

Leifsonia soli sp. nov., a novel yellow pigmented actinobacterium isolated from teak rhizosphere soil [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:06 PDT

Two yellow pigmented, Gram positive, aerobic, motile and short rod-shaped bacteria were isolated from natural teak tree rhizosphere soil and their taxonomic positions were determined by using a polyphasic approach. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that strains TG-S248T and TG-S240 formed a distinct phyletic line within the genus Leifsonia. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis of strain TG-S248T with sequences from Leifsonia shinshuensis DB102T, Leifsonia poae VKM Ac-1401T, Leifsonia naganoensis DB103T, Leifsonia aquatica DSM 20146T and Leifsonia xyli subsp. cynodontis JCM 9733T revealed pairwise similarities ranging from 98.7 to 99.1%. The major fatty acids were anteiso-C15:0, anteiso-C17:0 and iso-C16:0. The G+C content of the DNA of the type strain is 69.4 mol%. DNA-DNA hybridization experiments revealed a low level of DNA-DNA relatedness (< 32%) between strain TG-S248T and its closest relatives. Based on differences in phenotypic and genotypic characteristics, strain TG-S248T (=LMG 24767T=JCM 15679T) is designated as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Leifsonia, for which the name Leifsonia soli sp. nov. is proposed.

Nautilia nitratireducens sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, chemosynthetic, nitrate-ammonifying bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent on the East Pacific Rise [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:29:57 PDT

A thermophilic, anaerobic, chemosynthetic bacterium, designated strain MB-1T, was isolated from the walls of an active deep-sea hydrothermal vent chimney on the East Pacific Rise at 9° 50' N, 104° 17' W. The cells were Gram-negative rods approximately 1-1.5 µm in length and 0.3-0.5 µm in width. Strain MB-1T grew between 25 and 65°C (optimum 55°C), 10 and 35 g NaCl l^-1 (optimum 20 g l^-1) and pH 4.5 and 8.5 (optimum pH 7.0). Generation time under optimal conditions was 45.6 min. Growth occurred under chemolithoautotrophic conditions with H2 as the energy source and CO2 as the carbon source. Nitrate was used as the electron acceptor, with resulting production of ammonium. Thiosulfate, sulfur and selenate were also used as electron acceptors. No growth was observed in the presence of lactate, tryptone and peptone. Chemoorganotrophic growth occurred in the presence of formate, acetate, yeast extract and casamino acids. These compounds were used as energy sources in the presence of CO2. The G + C content of the genomic DNA was 36.0 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that this organism is closely related to Nautilia profundicola, Nautilia abyssi, and Nautilia lithotrophica (95 %, 94 % and 93 % sequence identity, respectively). On the basis of phylogenetic, physiological and genetic considerations, it is proposed that the organism represents a novel species within the genus Nautilia, Nautilia nitratireducens sp. nov. The type strain is MB-1T (= DSM 22087T = JCM 15746T).

Jeotgalicoccus huakuii sp. nov., a halotolerant bacterium isolated from the seaside soil in China [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:08 PDT

A Gram-positive, oxidase-positive, catalase-positive, non-motile, non-spore-forming and halotolerant coccus, designated NY-2T, was isolated from a seaside soil sample in Shandong province, China. Strain NY-2T was able to grow in the presence of 0-23 % (w/v) NaCl and at pH 4.5-10.0 and 5-42°C; optimum growth was observed with 3-8 % (w/v) total salts and at pH 6.5-8.0 and 28-37°C. Chemotaxonomic analyses including fatty acid profiles, menaquinones and polar lipids, supported the affiliation of strain NY-2T to the genus Jeotgalicoccus. The predominant menaquinone of strain NY-2T was menaquinone 7 (MK-7) (100%) and the major cellular fatty acids were iso-C15: 0 (49.0%) and anteiso-C15: 0 (19.6%). The cellular polar lipids were phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and unidentified phospholipids. The DNA G+C content of strain NY-2T was 36.8 mol%. Strain NY-2T formed a coherent cluster with Jeotgalicoccus marinus JSM 076033T, Jeotgalicoccus halotolerans YKJ-101T and Jeotgalicoccus psychrophilus YKJ-115T in 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis. Based on the phylogenetic analysis, DNA-DNA relatedness, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic data, it is proposed that strain NY-2T=CCTCC AB 208288T = JCM 15687T be classified as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Jeotgalicoccus, Jeotgalicoccus huakuii sp. nov.

Bacillus chungangensis sp. nov., a novel halophilic species isolated from sea sand in Jeju island, Korea [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Cho, S.-L., Jung, M. Y., Park, M.-H., Kim, W. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:09 PDT

The taxonomic position of a gram-positive, endospore-forming, halophilic designated strain CAU 348T, isolated from sea sand was investigated using a polyphasic approach. Colony morphology, biochemical tests and chemotaxonomic investigations revealed that strain CAU 348T had the characteristics of the genus Bacillus. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis showed that the organism formed a hitherto unknown subline within the genus Bacillus. Sequence divergence values of more than 4.3% from other described Bacillus species, together with phenotypic differences, showed that the unidentified bacterium represents a previously unrecognized member of this genus. The genotypic and phenotypic data indicated that strain CAU 348T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus chungangensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is CAU 348T (KCTC= 13566T, CCUG=57835T).

Characterization of Serratia glossinae sp. nov., isolated from the midgut of the tsetse fly, Glossina palpalis gambiensis [NEW TAXA: Proteobacteria]

Geiger, A., Fardeau, M.-L., Falsen, E., Ollivier, B., Cuny, G. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:00 PDT

The present paper reports on the isolation of a novel bacterium (strain C1T) from the midgut of Glossina palpalis gambiensis, the tsetse fly that transmits the trypanosomes responsible for sleeping sickness in sub-Saharan African countries. It is a motile, facultative anaerobic rod-like bacterium (0.8-1.0 µm in diameter; 2-6 µm in length) which grows as single cells or chain-wise. Optimum growth occurred at 25-35°C, at pH 6.7-8.4, in media containing 5-20 g/l NaCl. The bacterium hydrolysed the following substrates: 2-nitrophenyl-βD galactopyranoside, urea and used L-lysine, L-ornithine, citrate, pyruvate, glucose, mannitol, inositol, sorbitol, melibiose, amygdalin, arabinose, arbutin, esculin, fructose, galactose, glycerol, maltose, mannose, raffinose, trehalose and xylose; it produced NO2 from NO3 and acetoin, and was catalase-positive. The DNA G+C content was 53.6 mol%.It was phylogenetically related to members of the genus Serratia, family Enterobacteriaceae, Serratia fonticola being its closest relative (99% similarity). However, DNA-DNA relatedness values between the representative strain C1T and S. fonticola was only 37.3%. Therefore, on the basis of morphological, nutritional, physiological, fatty acid analysis and genetical criteria, strain C1T is proposed to be assigned to a novel Serratia species, S. glossinae sp. nov. (type strain C1T = DSM 22080T = CCUG 57457T).

Micromonospora tulbaghiae sp. nov., isolated from the leaves of wild garlic, Tulbaghia violacea [NEW TAXA: Actinobacteria]

Kirby, B. M., Meyers, P. R. — Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:30:04 PDT

A novel actinomycete, strain TVU1T, was isolated from the leaves of the indigenous South African plant, Tulbaghia violacea. Applying a polyphasic approach, the isolate was identified as belonging to the genus Micromonospora. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that strain TVU1T was most closely related to Micromonospora echinospora DSM 43816T. However, gyrB gene phylogenetic analysis showed that strain TVU1T was most closely related to the type strains of Micromonospora aurantiaca and Micromonospora chalcea. The DNA relatedness values between TVU1T and the type strains of M. echinospora, M. aurantiaca and M. chalcea were 7.6 % ± 4.5 %, 45.9 % ± 2.0 % and 60.9 % ± 4.5 %, respectively. Strain TVU1T could be distinguished from the type strains of all three of these species by several physiological characteristics, such as colony colour, NaCl tolerance, growth temperature range and the utilisation of sole carbon sources. Strain TVU1T (= DSM 45142T =NRRL B-24576T) therefore represents the type strain of a novel species, for which the name Micromonospora tulbaghiae sp. nov., is proposed.

Negativicoccus succinicivorans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from human clinical samples, emended description of the family Veillonellaceae and description of Negativicutes classis nov., Selenomonadales ord. nov, and Acidaminococcaceae fam. nov. in the bacterial phylum Firmicutes [NEW TAXA: Firmicutes and Related Organisms]

Mon, 10 Aug 2009 13:29:59 PDT

Three strains of a hitherto unknown, Gram-negative staining, tiny, anaerobic coccus were collected from human clinical samples originating from skin and soft tissues. The three isolates displayed at least 99.9% identity in 16S rRNA gene sequences and more than 99.8% identity in dnaK gene sequences. The isolates were affiliated to the family Veillonellaceae, the coccobacillus Dialister micraerophilus being the most closely related species but with no more than 91.1% in 16S rRNA gene sequences. Phylogeny based on 16S rRNA gene confirmed that the three strains represent a novel and robust lineage within the current family Veillonellaceae. Similar genomic structure was demonstrated for the three isolates by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis-based analysis. Morphology and metabolic end products, as well as genotypic and phylogenetic data supported the proposal of the novel genus Negativicoccus gen. nov. with the novel species Negativicoccus succinicivorans sp. nov. (type strain ADV 07/08/06-B-1388T (= AIP 149.07T = CIP 109806T = DSM 21255 T = CCUG 56017T) as type species. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences of members of the phylum Firmicutes and other phyla indicated that the family Veillonellaceae formed a robust lineage clearly separated from those of the classes 'Bacilli', 'Clostridia', Thermolithobacteria and 'Erysipelotrichi' in the phylum Firmicutes. Therefore, we proposed that this family is a class-level taxon in the phylum Firmicutes, for which the name Negativicutes classis nov. is proposed, based on the Gram-negative type of cell wall of its members, with type order Selenomonadales ord. nov. In this order, a novel family, Acidaminococcacae fam. nov., is proposed and description of the family Veillonellaceae is emended.