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Microbulbifer variabilis sp. nov. and Microbulbifer epialgicus sp. nov. isolated from Pacific marine algae possess a rod–coccus cell cycle in association with the growth phase

¹ Marine Biology Institute, TechnoSuruga Co., Ltd.;
² Marine Biology Institute;
³ TechnoSuruga Co., Ltd.;
⁴ Faculty of Fermentation Science, Tokyo University of Tokyo

⁵ E-mail: mnishiji{at}tecsrg.co.jp

Phylogenetic and taxonomic characterization was performed for 14 strains of bacteria that produce anticancer antibiotics (pelagiomicins; represented by strain Ni-2088T) and on one bacterial strain producing UV-absorbing substances (strain F-104T) isolated from marine algae and seagrass collected from the coastal areas of the tropical Pacific islands and a subtropical island of Japan. All 15 isolates were Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, non-motile and non-spore-forming. The sequence analyses of 16S rRNA genes showed that the isolates occupied positions in the phylogenetic radiation of the genus Microbulbifer with similarities of 93.6–97.6%. The cells possessed a clearly discernible rod–coccus cell cycle in association with the growth phase: cells were rods during the growth phase and all converted to coccoid–ovoid cells when proliferation ceased. The coccoid–ovoid cells were optically denser than the rod cells and viable for extended periods. They were considered to constitute a resting form. The described species of Microbulbifer were also found to possess identical rod–coccus cell cycles. The G+C content of the DNA was 48.1–49.7 mol%. The major respiratory quinone system was ubiquinone-8. The major fatty acids were C18:17c and C16:0, and the hydroxy acids comprised C10:0 3-OH, C12:0 3-OH and iso-C11:0 3-OH. The polar lipids comprised phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylserine. Each of the 14 pelagiomicin-producing strains and strain F-104T constituted a single genomic species. Based on phylogenetic affiliation, phenotypic characteristics and genomic distinctness, the isolates represent two new species in the genus Microbulbifer, for which the respective names Microbulbifer variabilis sp. nov. (type strain: Ni-2088T = MBIC01082T = ATCC 700307T) and Microbulbifer epialgicus sp. nov. (type strain: F-104T = MBIC03330T = DSM18651T) are proposed.