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Published online ahead of print on 19 June 2009 as doi:ijs.0.004572-0
International Journal of Systematic and Evolutionary Microbiology 2009;59:1708.

Int J Syst Evol Microbiol (2009); DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.004572-0
© 2009 International Union of Microbiological Societies
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Paenibacillus tundrae sp. nov. and Paenibacillus xylanexedens sp. nov., psychrotolerant, xylan-degrading, bacteria from Alaskan tundra

David M. Nelson1,3, Adam J. Glawe1, David P. Labeda2, Isaac K. O. Cann1 and Roderick I. Mackie1

1 University of Illinois;
2 US Department of Agriculture

3 E-mail: dmnelson{at}life.uiuc.edu

Eight psychrotolerant, xylan-degrading, strains of bacteria that were catalase-positive, oxidase-negative, and able to reduce nitrate to nitrite, were isolated from soil beneath moist non-acidic and acidic tundra in northern Alaska. DNA G+C contents for the strains ranged from 46.4-50.3 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that each strain belonged to the genus Paenibacillus. The highest level of 16S rRNA gene similarity was found between the eight strains and Paenibacillus amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290T (98.9-99.1%). However, despite relatively high 16S rRNA gene similarity, DNA-DNA hybridization, repetitive elements genotyping, and phenotypic properties revealed that at least two of the strains differed from Paenibacillus amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290T. For example, DNA–DNA hybridization levels between strain A10bT and Paenibacillus amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290T (4.3%), strain B22aT and Paenibacillus amylolyticus NRRL NRS-290T (48.8%), and strain A10bT and strain B22aT (11.0%) were below those recommended by the ad hoc committee as belonging to the same species. Significant phenotypic features that differentiate these novel strains from P. amylolyticus include their inability to utilize L-arabinose, and ability to utilize glycogen, as sole carbon sources. Unlike strains 1B4a and B22aT, strains A6a and A10bT produced ethanol as an end product of glucose fermentation, utilized acetic acid and 2,3-butanediol, and did not utilize D-gluconic acid. MK-7 was the major isoprenoid quinone and 15:0 anteiso was the most abundant fatty acid for strains A10bT and B22aT. On the basis of these results strains A10bT and B22aT are considered to represent novel species of the genus Paenibacillus, for which the names Paenibacillus tundrae sp. nov. and Paenibacillus xylanexedens sp. nov. are proposed. The type strains of Paenibacillus tundrae sp. nov. and Paenibacillus xylanexedens sp. nov. are A10bT (=NRRL B-51094T = DSM 21291T) and B22aT (=NRRL B-51090T = DSM 21292T), respectively.






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