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Int J Syst Bacteriol 49 (1999), 705-724; DOI 10.1099/00207713-49-2-705
© 1999 Society for General Microbiology
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Polyphasic taxonomy of the genus Shewanella and description of Shewanella oneidensis sp. nov.

Kasthuri Venkateswaran1,{dagger}, Duane P. Moser1, Michael E. Dollhopf1, Douglas P. Lies1, Daad A. Saffarini2, Barbara J. MacGregor3, David B. Ringelberg4,{ddagger}, David C. White4, Miyuki Nishijima5, Hiroshi Sano5, Jutta Burghardt6, Erko Stackebrandt6 and Kenneth H. Nealson1,§

1Center for Great Lakes Studies, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wl 53204, USA
2Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA, USA
3Department of Civil Engineering, NorthWestern University, Evanston, IL 60645, USA
4Center for Environmental Biotechnology, University of Tennessee/Oak Ridge Laboratories, Knoxville, TN 37932, USA
5Marine Biotechnology Institute, Shimizu Laboratory, Shimizu, Japan
6DSMZ - Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany

Author for correspondence: Kasthuri Venkateswaran. Tel: + 1 818 393 1481. Fax: + 1 818 393 4176. e-mail: kjvenkat{at}caltech.edu

ABSTRACT

The genus Shewanella has been studied since 1931 with regard to a variety of topics of relevance to both applied and environmental microbiology. Recent years have seen the introduction of a large number of new Shewanella-like isolates, necessitating a coordinated review of the genus. In this work, the phylogenetic relationships among known shewanellae were examined using a battery of morphological, physiological, molecular and chemotaxonomic characterizations. This polyphasic taxonomy takes into account all available phenotypic and genotypic data and integrates them into a consensus classification. Based on information generated from this study and obtained from the literature, a scheme for the identification of Shewanella species has been compiled. Key phenotypic characteristics were sulfur reduction and halophilicity. Fatty acid and quinone profiling were used to impart an additional layer of information. Molecular characterizations employing small-subunit 16S rDNA sequences were at the limits of resolution for the differentiation of species in some cases. As a result, DNA-DNA hybridization and sequence analyses of a more rapidly evolving molecule (gyrB gene) were performed. Species-specific PCR probes were designed for the gyrB gene and used for the rapid screening of closely related strains. With this polyphasic approach, in addition to the ten described Shewanella species, two new species, Shewanella oneidensis and ‘Shewanella pealeana’, were recognized; Shewanella oneidensis sp. nov. is described here for the first time.


Key Words: Shewanellashewanella oneidensis sp. nov. MR-1 • polyphasic taxonomy • 16S rDNA • gyrase B

The GenBank accession numbers for the sequences reported in this paper are given in Table 1.

§ Present address: Geology of Planetary Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 170-25,1201 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA91125, USA.

{ddagger} Present address: Dyntel Corp., Waterways Experiment Station, Vicksburg, MS 39180-6199, USA.

{dagger} Present address: Environmental Engineering Sciences, California Institute of Technology, Mail Code 138-78, 1201 E. California Blvd, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA.




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Antimicrob. Agents Chemother.Home page
L. Poirel, C. Heritier, and P. Nordmann
Chromosome-Encoded Ambler Class D {beta}-Lactamase of Shewanella oneidensis as a Progenitor of Carbapenem-Hydrolyzing Oxacillinase
Antimicrob. Agents Chemother., January 1, 2004; 48(1): 348 - 351.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
D. N. Dickinson, M. T. La Duc, W. E. Haskins, I. Gornushkin, J. D. Winefordner, D. H. Powell, and K. Venkateswaran
Species Differentiation of a Diverse Suite of Bacillus Spores by Mass Spectrometry-Based Protein Profiling
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., January 1, 2004; 70(1): 475 - 482.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. Satomi, B. Kimura, M. Hayashi, M. Okuzumi, and T. Fujii
Marinospirillum insulare sp. nov., a novel halophilic helical bacterium isolated from kusaya gravy
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2004; 54(1): 163 - 167.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
E. P. Ivanova, O. I. Nedashkovskaya, N. V. Zhukova, D. V. Nicolau, R. Christen, and V. V. Mikhailov
Shewanella waksmanii sp. nov., isolated from a sipuncula (Phascolosoma japonicum)
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2003; 53(5): 1471 - 1477.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev.Home page
G. Xie, N. O. Keyhani, C. A. Bonner, and R. A. Jensen
Ancient Origin of the Tryptophan Operon and the Dynamics of Evolutionary Change
Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev., September 1, 2003; 67(3): 303 - 342.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
T. Coenye, J. Goris, P. De Vos, P. Vandamme, and J. J. LiPuma
Classification of Ralstonia pickettii-like isolates from the environment and clinical samples as Ralstonia insidiosa sp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2003; 53(4): 1075 - 1080.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Bacteriol.Home page
D. A. Saffarini, R. Schultz, and A. Beliaev
Involvement of Cyclic AMP (cAMP) and cAMP Receptor Protein in Anaerobic Respiration of Shewanella oneidensis
J. Bacteriol., June 15, 2003; 185(12): 3668 - 3671.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
C. W. Saltikov, A. Cifuentes, K. Venkateswaran, and D. K. Newman
The ars Detoxification System Is Advantageous but Not Required for As(V) Respiration by the Genetically Tractable Shewanella Species Strain ANA-3
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 1, 2003; 69(5): 2800 - 2809.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. Satomi, H. Oikawa, and Y. Yano
Shewanella marinintestina sp. nov., Shewanella schlegeliana sp. nov. and Shewanella sairae sp. nov., novel eicosapentaenoic-acid-producing marine bacteria isolated from sea-animal intestines
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2003; 53(2): 491 - 499.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
E. P. Ivanova, T. Sawabe, K. Hayashi, N. M. Gorshkova, N. V. Zhukova, O. I. Nedashkovskaya, V. V. Mikhailov, D. V. Nicolau, and R. Christen
Shewanella fidelis sp. nov., isolated from sediments and sea water
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2003; 53(2): 577 - 582.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
Y. M. Arias and B. M. Tebo
Cr(VI) Reduction by Sulfidogenic and Nonsulfidogenic Microbial Consortia
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., March 1, 2003; 69(3): 1847 - 1853.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
K. Venkateswaran, M. Kempf, F. Chen, M. Satomi, W. Nicholson, and R. Kern
Bacillus nealsonii sp. nov., isolated from a spacecraft-assembly facility, whose spores are {gamma}-radiation resistant
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2003; 53(1): 165 - 172.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
A. A. Korenevsky, E. Vinogradov, Y. Gorby, and T. J. Beveridge
Characterization of the Lipopolysaccharides and Capsules of Shewanella spp.
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., September 1, 2002; 68(9): 4653 - 4657.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Bacteriol.Home page
A. S. Beliaev, D. K. Thompson, M. W. Fields, L. Wu, D. P. Lies, K. H. Nealson, and J. Zhou
Microarray Transcription Profiling of a Shewanella oneidensis etrA Mutant
J. Bacteriol., August 15, 2002; 184(16): 4612 - 4616.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
B. B. Ward
How many species of prokaryotes are there?
PNAS, August 6, 2002; 99(16): 10234 - 10236.
[Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
C. E. Turick, L. S. Tisa, and F. Caccavo Jr.
Melanin Production and Use as a Soluble Electron Shuttle for Fe(III) Oxide Reduction and as a Terminal Electron Acceptor by Shewanella algae BrY
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 1, 2002; 68(5): 2436 - 2444.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Bacteriol.Home page
J. B. H. Shyu, D. P. Lies, and D. K. Newman
Protective Role of tolC in Efflux of the Electron Shuttle Anthraquinone-2,6-Disulfonate
J. Bacteriol., March 15, 2002; 184(6): 1806 - 1810.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Bacteriol.Home page
F. Drouin, J. Melancon, and P. H. Roy
The IntI-Like Tyrosine Recombinase of Shewanella oneidensis Is Active as an Integron Integrase
J. Bacteriol., March 15, 2002; 184(6): 1811 - 1815.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Bacteriol.Home page
S. Gon, J.-C. Patte, J.-P. Dos Santos, and V. Mejean
Reconstitution of the Trimethylamine Oxide Reductase Regulatory Elements of Shewanella oneidensis in Escherichia coli
J. Bacteriol., March 1, 2002; 184(5): 1262 - 1269.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
N. Bano and J. T. Hollibaugh
Phylogenetic Composition of Bacterioplankton Assemblages from the Arctic Ocean
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., February 1, 2002; 68(2): 505 - 518.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Bacteriol.Home page
T. J. DiChristina, C. M. Moore, and C. A. Haller
Dissimilatory Fe(III) and Mn(IV) Reduction by Shewanella putrefaciens Requires ferE, a Homolog of the pulE (gspE) Type II Protein Secretion Gene
J. Bacteriol., January 1, 2002; 184(1): 142 - 151.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
A. E. Murray, D. Lies, G. Li, K. Nealson, J. Zhou, and J. M. Tiedje
DNA/DNA hybridization to microarrays reveals gene-specific differences between closely related microbial genomes
PNAS, August 1, 2001; (2001) 171178898.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
A. I. Tsapin, I. Vandenberghe, K. H. Nealson, J. H. Scott, T. E. Meyer, M. A. Cusanovich, E. Harada, T. Kaizu, H. Akutsu, D. Leys, et al.
Identification of a Small Tetraheme Cytochrome c and a Flavocytochrome c as Two of the Principal Soluble Cytochromes c in Shewanella oneidensis Strain MR1
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., July 1, 2001; 67(7): 3236 - 3244.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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ScienceHome page
S. K. Lower, M. F. Hochella Jr., and T. J. Beveridge
Bacterial Recognition of Mineral Surfaces: Nanoscale Interactions Between Shewanella and alpha -FeOOH
Science, May 18, 2001; 292(5520): 1360 - 1363.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
K. Ozawa, A. I. Tsapin, K. H. Nealson, M. A. Cusanovich, and H. Akutsu
Expression of a Tetraheme Protein, Desulfovibrio vulgaris Miyazaki F Cytochrome c3, in Shewanella oneidensis MR-1
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., September 1, 2000; 66(9): 4168 - 4171.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
J. K. Fredrickson, H. M. Kostandarithes, S. W. Li, A. E. Plymale, and M. J. Daly
Reduction of Fe(III), Cr(VI), U(VI), and Tc(VII) by Deinococcus radiodurans R1
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., May 1, 2000; 66(5): 2006 - 2011.
[Abstract] [Full Text]


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Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USAHome page
A. E. Murray, D. Lies, G. Li, K. Nealson, J. Zhou, and J. M. Tiedje
DNA/DNA hybridization to microarrays reveals gene-specific differences between closely related microbial genomes
PNAS, August 14, 2001; 98(17): 9853 - 9858.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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