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Int J Syst Bacteriol 44 (1994), 846-849; DOI 10.1099/00207713-44-4-846
© 1994 Society for General Microbiology
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Taxonomic Note: A Place for DNA-DNA Reassociation and 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis in the Present Species Definition in Bacteriology

E. STACKEBRANDT1,* and B. M. GOEBEL2

1DSM-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikrooiganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany
2Department for Microbiology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Queensland, Australia

* Corresponding author. Mailing address: DSM-Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Mascheroder Weg 1b, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany. Phone: 49 531 2616 352. Fax: 49 531 2616 418. Electronic mail address: Stackebrandt{at}venus.gbf-braunschweig.d400.de.

ABSTRACT

Because a natural entity "species" cannot be recognized as a group of strains that is genetically well separated from its phylogenetic neighbors, a pragmatic approach was taken to define a species by a polyphasic approach (L. G. Wayne, D. J. Brenner, R. R. Colwell, P. A. D. Grimont, O. Kandler, M. I. Krichevsky, L. H. Moore, W. E. C. Moore, R. G. E. Murray, E. Stackebrandt, M. P. Starr, and H. G. Trüper, Int. J. Syst. Bacteriol. 37:463-464, 1987), in which a DNA reassociation value of about 70% plays a dominant role. With the establishment of rapid sequence analysis of 16S rRNA and the recognition of its potential to determine the phylogenetic position of any prokaryotic organism, the role of 16S rRNA similarities in the present species definition in bacteriology needs to be clarified. Comparative studies clearly reveal the limitations of the sequence analysis of this conserved gene and gene product in the determination of relationships at the strain level for which DNA-DNA reassociation experiments still constitute the superior method. Since today the primary structure of 16S rRNA is easier to determine than hybridization between DNA strands, the strength of the sequence analysis is to recognize the level at which DNA pairing studies need to be performed, which certainly applies to similarities of 97% and higher.




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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
Y.-H. Wu, Y.-Q. Shen, X.-W. Xu, C.-S. Wang, A. Oren, and M. Wu
Pseudidiomarina donghaiensis sp. nov. and Pseudidiomarina maritima sp. nov., isolated from the East China Sea
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1321 - 1325.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
D.-S. Park, W.-J. Jeong, K. H. Lee, H.-W. Oh, B.-C. Kim, K. S. Bae, and H.-Y. Park
Paenibacillus pectinilyticus sp. nov., isolated from the gut of Diestrammena apicalis
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1342 - 1347.
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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S. Krishnamurthi, A. Bhattacharya, S. Mayilraj, P. Saha, P. Schumann, and T. Chakrabarti
Description of Paenisporosarcina quisquiliarum gen. nov., sp. nov., and reclassification of Sporosarcina macmurdoensis Reddy et al. 2003 as Paenisporosarcina macmurdoensis comb. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1364 - 1370.
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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S. V. Suetin, V. A. Shcherbakova, N. A. Chuvilskaya, E. M. Rivkina, N. E. Suzina, A. M. Lysenko, and D. A. Gilichinsky
Clostridium tagluense sp. nov., a psychrotolerant, anaerobic, spore-forming bacterium from permafrost
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1421 - 1426.
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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
H. Miwa, I. Ahmed, A. Yokota, and T. Fujiwara
Lysinibacillus parviboronicapiens sp. nov., a low-boron-containing bacterium isolated from soil
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1427 - 1432.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
L. A. Romanenko, N. Tanaka, G. M. Frolova, and V. V. Mikhailov
Winogradskyella arenosi sp. nov., a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from marine sediments from the Sea of Japan
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1443 - 1446.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
X. Luo, L. Zhang, J. Dai, M. Liu, K. Zhang, H. An, and C. Fang
Mucilaginibacter ximonensis sp. nov., isolated from Tibetan soil
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1447 - 1450.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
Y. Wu, Q. Lai, Z. Zhou, N. Qiao, C. Liu, and Z. Shao
Alcanivorax hongdengensis sp. nov., an alkane-degrading bacterium isolated from surface seawater of the straits of Malacca and Singapore, producing a lipopeptide as its biosurfactant
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1474 - 1479.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
L. A. Romanenko, N. Tanaka, G. M. Frolova, and V. V. Mikhailov
Psychrobacter fulvigenes sp. nov., isolated from a marine crustacean from the Sea of Japan
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1480 - 1486.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
K. Duangmal, A. Thamchaipenet, A. Matsumoto, and Y. Takahashi
Pseudonocardia acaciae sp. nov., isolated from roots of Acacia auriculiformis A. Cunn. ex Benth.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1487 - 1491.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
P. K. Wust, M. A. Horn, G. Henderson, P. H. Janssen, B. H. A. Rehm, and H. L. Drake
Gut-Associated Denitrification and In Vivo Emission of Nitrous Oxide by the Earthworm Families Megascolecidae and Lumbricidae in New Zealand
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 2009; 75(11): 3430 - 3436.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
M. Stieglmeier, R. Wirth, G. Kminek, and C. Moissl-Eichinger
Cultivation of Anaerobic and Facultatively Anaerobic Bacteria from Spacecraft-Associated Clean Rooms
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., June 1, 2009; 75(11): 3484 - 3491.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
F. Chamkh, C. Sproer, P. C. Lemos, S. Besson, A.-G. El Asli, R. Bennisse, M. Labat, M. Reis, and A.-I. Qatibi
Desulfovibrio marrakechensis sp. nov., a 1,4-tyrosol-oxidizing, sulfate-reducing bacterium isolated from olive mill wastewater
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 936 - 942.
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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. A. Ehrmann, S. Freiding, and R. F. Vogel
Leuconostoc palmae sp. nov., a novel lactic acid bacterium isolated from palm wine
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 943 - 947.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S.-Y. Yang, H. Liu, R. Liu, K.-Y. Zhang, and R. Lai
Saccharibacillus kuerlensis sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 953 - 957.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
L. N. Ten, H.-M. Jung, W.-T. Im, S.-A. Yoo, H.-M. Oh, and S.-T. Lee
Lysobacter panaciterrae sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 958 - 963.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
T. Nishiyama, A. Ueki, N. Kaku, and K. Ueki
Clostridium sufflavum sp. nov., isolated from a methanogenic reactor treating cattle waste
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 981 - 986.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
A. B. Arun, W.-M. Chen, W.-A. Lai, J.-H. Chou, P. D. Rekha, F.-T. Shen, S. Singh, and C.-C. Young
Parvularcula lutaonensis sp. nov., a moderately thermotolerant marine bacterium isolated from a coastal hot spring
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 998 - 1001.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
B.-C. Kim, W.-J. Jeong, D. Y. Kim, H.-W. Oh, H. Kim, D.-S. Park, H.-M. Park, and K. S. Bae
Paenibacillus pueri sp. nov., isolated from Pu'er tea
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1002 - 1006.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
D. Clermont, S. Diard, C. Bouchier, C. Vivier, F. Bimet, L. Motreff, M. Welker, W. Kallow, and C. Bizet
Microbacterium binotii sp. nov., isolated from human blood
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1016 - 1022.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S. Qin, H.-H. Chen, H.-P. Klenk, G.-Z. Zhao, J. Li, L.-H. Xu, and W.-J. Li
Glycomyces scopariae sp. nov. and Glycomyces mayteni sp. nov., isolated from medicinal plants in China
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1023 - 1027.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. Liu, F. Peng, Y. Wang, K. Zhang, G. Chen, and C. Fang
Kineococcus xinjiangensis sp. nov., isolated from desert sand
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1090 - 1093.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
D.-S. An, C.-R. Yin, S.-T. Lee, and C.-H. Cho
Mucilaginibacter daejeonensis sp. nov., isolated from dried rice straw
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1122 - 1125.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
L. Debruyne, S. L. W. On, E. De Brandt, and P. Vandamme
Novel Campylobacter lari-like bacteria from humans and molluscs: description of Campylobacter peloridis sp. nov., Campylobacter lari subsp. concheus subsp. nov. and Campylobacter lari subsp. lari subsp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1126 - 1132.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
T. Tan, B. Wang, and Z. Shao
Donghicola xiamenensis sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from seawater of the Taiwan Strait in China
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1143 - 1147.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
A. F. Yassin
Saccharopolyspora rosea sp. nov., isolated from a patient with bronchial carcinoma
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1148 - 1152.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
J. Yuan, Q. Lai, B. Wang, F. Sun, X. Liu, Y. Du, G. Li, L. Gu, T. Zheng, and Z. Shao
Oceanicola pacificus sp. nov., isolated from a deep-sea pyrene-degrading consortium
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1158 - 1161.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
L. A. Romanenko, N. Tanaka, G. M. Frolova, and V. V. Mikhailov
Sphingomonas japonica sp. nov., isolated from the marine crustacean Paralithodes camtschatica
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1179 - 1182.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. K. Kim, S. Sathiyaraj, R. K. Pulla, and D.-C. Yang
Brevibacillus panacihumi sp. nov., a {beta}-glucosidase-producing bacterium
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2009; 59(5): 1227 - 1231.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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J. Bacteriol.Home page
S. Kaiser, K. Biehler, and D. Jonas
A Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Multilocus Sequence Typing Scheme for Inferring Population Structure
J. Bacteriol., May 1, 2009; 191(9): 2934 - 2943.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
C. A. Kellogg, J. T. Lisle, and J. P. Galkiewicz
Culture-Independent Characterization of Bacterial Communities Associated with the Cold-Water Coral Lophelia pertusa in the Northeastern Gulf of Mexico
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., April 15, 2009; 75(8): 2294 - 2303.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. Halpern, T. Shaked, R. Pukall, and P. Schumann
Leucobacter chironomi sp. nov., a chromate-resistant bacterium isolated from a chironomid egg mass
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 665 - 670.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
Z. Aslam, M. Yasir, C. O. Jeon, and Y. R. Chung
Lysobacter oryzae sp. nov., isolated from the rhizosphere of rice (Oryza sativa L.)
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 675 - 680.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M.-C. Lin, S.-R. Jiang, J.-H. Chou, A. B. Arun, C.-C. Young, and W.-M. Chen
Aquabacterium fontiphilum sp. nov., isolated from spring water
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 681 - 685.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S. Hosoya, K. Adachi, and H. Kasai
Thalassomonas actiniarum sp. nov. and Thalassomonas haliotis sp. nov., isolated from marine animals
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 686 - 690.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
D.-S. An, H.-G. Lee, S.-T. Lee, and W.-T. Im
Rhodanobacter ginsenosidimutans sp. nov., isolated from soil of a ginseng field in South Korea
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 691 - 694.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
H.-D. Huang, W. Wang, T. Ma, G.-Q. Li, F.-L. Liang, and R.-L. Liu
Sphingomonas sanxanigenens sp. nov., isolated from soil
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 719 - 723.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S. C. Park, K. S. Baik, M. S. Kim, S. S. Kim, S. R. Kim, M.-J. Oh, D. Kim, B.-H. Bang, and C. N. Seong
Aequorivita capsosiphonis sp. nov., isolated from the green alga Capsosiphon fulvescens, and emended description of the genus Aequorivita
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 724 - 728.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
K. Watanabe, J. Fujimoto, Y. Tomii, M. Sasamoto, H. Makino, Y. Kudo, and S. Okada
Lactobacillus kisonensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus otakiensis sp. nov., Lactobacillus rapi sp. nov. and Lactobacillus sunkii sp. nov., heterofermentative species isolated from sunki, a traditional Japanese pickle
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 754 - 760.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S.-Y. Lin, C. C. Young, H. Hupfer, C. Siering, A. B. Arun, W.-M. Chen, W.-A. Lai, F.-T. Shen, P. D. Rekha, and A. F. Yassin
Azospirillum picis sp. nov., isolated from discarded tar
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 761 - 765.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
Y. Wang, J. Dai, L. Zhang, X. Luo, Y. Li, G. Chen, Y. Tang, Y. Meng, and C. Fang
Lysobacter ximonensis sp. nov., isolated from soil
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 786 - 789.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]


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Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. Verma, M. Kumar, M. Dadhwal, J. Kaur, and R. Lal
Devosia albogilva sp. nov. and Devosia crocina sp. nov., isolated from a hexachlorocyclohexane dump site
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2009; 59(4): 795 - 799.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]




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