| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 Division of Applied Life Science, EB-NCRC, PMBBRC, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
2 Department of Microbiology and Research Institute of Life Science, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 660-701, Republic of Korea
3 Jeju Hi-Tech Industry Development Institute, 4-8 Ara-1 dong, Jeju 690-121, Republic of Korea
Correspondence
Che Ok Jeon
cojeon{at}gnu.ac.kr
 |
ABSTRACT |
|---|
 TOP ABSTRACT MAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
7c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH). The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 33.5 mol% and the major isoprenoid quinone was MK-6. A phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that strain EMB117T belonged to the genus Flavobacterium and was most closely related to Flavobacterium johnsoniae DSM 425T (97.8 % sequence similarity). The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain EMB117T and F. johnsoniae ATCC 17061T was about 18 %. On the basis of the phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and molecular data, strain EMB117T represents a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium defluvii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EMB117T (=KCTC 12612T=DSM 17963T).
A transmission electron micrograph of cells of strain EMB117T is available as a supplementary figure in IJSEM Online.
|
MAIN TEXT |
|---|
|
TOPABSTRACTMAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
, many additional Flavobacterium species have been described from diverse environmental habitats, such as microbial mats from Antarctic lakes, freshwater, seawater, sea ice, soil, the gut of an earthworm, sediments and wastewater treatment plants (McCammon & Bowman, 2000; Van Trappen et al., 2002; Zhu et al., 2003; Horn et al., 2005; Kim et al., 2006; Yi & Chun, 2006). Their physiological characteristics are also very diverse: they can be psychrophilic, psychrotolerant or mesophilic, they can be halotolerant, halophilic or sensitive to salts and they produce a variety of enzymes (Humphry et al., 2001; Tamaki et al., 2003; Aslam et al., 2005). Hence, the genus Flavobacterium may have diverse environmental functions. Recently, a novel Gram-negative bacterium, designated strain EMB117T, was isolated from activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant. On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic investigations, EMB117T represents a novel species in the genus Flavobacterium. Strain EMB117T was isolated from activated sludge from a domestic wastewater treatment plant in Pohang, Korea. The sludge sample was diluted serially with 1 % (w/v) saline solution and spread on R2A (Difco) agar at 20 °C for 2 days. Subculturing was done using R2A agar at 30 °C for 1 day.
Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene was carried out as described previously (Lane, 1991). The resulting 16S rRNA gene sequence (1436 nt) of strain EMB117T was compared with 16S available rRNA gene sequences (from GenBank), using the BLAST program (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/blast/) to determine an approximate phylogenetic affiliation; gene sequences were aligned with those of closely related species using CLUSTAL W software (Thompson et al., 1994). Phylogenetic trees were constructed using the neighbour-joining, maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony algorithms available in PHYLIP software, version 3.6 (Felsenstein, 2002). The values for sequence similarity between the novel strain and related members of the genus Flavobacterium were computed using SIMILARITY MATRIX, version 1.1 (Ribosomal Database Project II; http://35.8.164.52/html/; Cole et al., 2003). A bootstrap analysis was performed according to the Kimura two-parameter model (Kimura, 1980) of the neighbour-joining method in the PHYLIP package. The phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain EMB117T formed a phyletic lineage with Flavobacterium johnsoniae DSM 425T with a relatively low bootstrap value (62.0 %) (Fig. 1). The overall tree topology of the neighbour-joining tree was supported by the maximum-likelihood and maximum-parsimony trees (data not shown). Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analyses showed that the isolate was most closely related to F. johnsoniae DSM 425T, with a 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 97.8 %; the sequence similarities with respect to other Flavobacterium species were less than 97.0 %.
|
). Digested DNAs were diluted serially and loaded into slots, with three replications, and each DNA was used individually as a labelled DNA probe for cross-hybridization. Random primed DNA labelling with digoxigenin–dUTP and hybridization (hybridization at 40 °C; washing at 60 °C) were performed using the DIG High Prime DNA labelling kit (Roche Applied Science) according to the manufacturer's instructions and standard procedures (Sambrook & Russell, 2001; Lim et al., 2005). Signals from the series of dilutions were quantified using GelDoc scanning software (Bio-Rad). The signals produced by self-hybridization were inferred as representing 100 %, and relatedness values (percentages) were calculated from triplicate samples. The DNA–DNA relatedness between strain EMB117T and F. johnsoniae ATCC 17061T was about 18 %, clearly below the 70 % threshold generally accepted for species delineation (Stackebrandt et al., 2002).
The DNA G+C content of strain EMB117T, determined using HPLC apparatus fitted with a reversed-phase column (GROM-SIL 100 ODS-2FE; Grom) according to the method of Tamaoka & Komagata (1984), was found to be 33.5 mol%.
Analysis of the fatty acid methyl esters was performed according to the instructions of the Microbial Identification System (MIDI; Microbial ID). Analyses of polar lipids and isoprenoid quinones were carried out using the methods described by Komagata & Suzuki (1987). The cellular membrane contained iso-C15 : 0 (19.8 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (13.1 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (11.2 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (7.6 %), C15 : 0 (6.4 %) and summed feature 3 (C16 : 17c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, 10.1 %) as the major fatty acids. The polar lipid composition was dominated by phosphatidylethanolamine. The major respiratory lipoquinone of strain EMB117T was MK-6. The fatty acid composition, the major lipoquinone and polar lipid and the DNA G+C content of strain EMB117T are in accordance with those of members of the genus Flavobacterium (Bernardet et al., 2002; Van Trappen et al., 2004, 2005; Aslam et al., 2005; Wang et al., 2006; Yoon et al., 2006).
Gram staining was performed using a bioMérieux Gram-stain kit according to the manufacturer's instructions. Cell morphology, flagellation and gliding motility were studied using phase-contrast microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (JEM-1010; JEOL) as described previously (Bernardet et al., 2002; Jeon et al., 2005). The physiological characteristics of strain EMB117T were examined by growing the isolate in R2A broth at various temperatures and pH values. R2A media with different pH values were prepared as described previously (Gomori, 1955). Salt tolerance was tested using R2A broth supplemented with 0–3 % (w/v) NaCl for 5 days at 30 °C. Duplicate antibiotic tests were performed using the diffusion method on R2A agar at 30 °C with filter-paper discs (8 mm diameter) containing the following antibiotics: ampicillin (10 µg), polymyxin B (100 U), streptomycin (50 µg), penicillin G (10 IU), chloramphenicol (100 µg), gentamicin (30 µg), tetracycline (30 µg), kanamycin (30 µg), lincomycin (15 µg), oleandomycin (15 µg), neomycin (30 µg), carbenicillin (100 µg) and novobiocin (50 µg). The diameters of inhibition zones were measured after 2 days. Oxidase activity was tested by determining the oxidation of 1 % (w/v) tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (Merck) and catalase activity was evaluated by determining the production of oxygen bubbles in a 3 % (v/v) aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution. The production of flexirubin-type pigments and extracellular glycans was investigated using the KOH and the Congo red tests, respectively, according to the minimal standards for the description of novel taxa in the family Flavobacteriaceae (Bernardet et al., 2002). The hydrolysis of casein, gelatin, Tweens 80 and 20, aesculin, urea, tyrosine, starch and carboxylmethylcellulose was investigated on R2A agar after 7 days incubation, according to methods described previously (Lanyi, 1987; Gerhardt et al., 1994). Nitrate reduction was determined according to the method of Lanyi (1987), and acid production from carbohydrates was tested as described by Leifson (1963). Additional enzymic activities and biochemical features were determined using API ZYM and API 20E kits (bioMérieux) at 30 °C. Growth under anaerobic conditions was determined in an anaerobic chamber (H2/CO2/N2, 5 : 10 : 85) at 30 °C on R2A agar.
Anaerobic growth was not observed after 7 days at 30 °C on R2A agar, but the strain showed weak growth after 16 days. As strain EMB117T did not reduce nitrate to nitrite, it was unable to grow by anaerobic respiration using nitrate or nitrite as an electron acceptor, as reported for Flavobacterium denitrificans (Horn et al., 2005) and some F. johnsoniae strains (Stanier, 1947). Consequently, strain EMB117T probably grew anaerobically by fermenting carbohydrates, as reported for Flavobacterium hydatis (Strohl & Tait, 1978) and Flavobacterium succinicans (Anderson & Ordal, 1961).
The phenotypic features of strain EMB117T are presented in the species description. Strain EMB117T showed the characteristics typical of members of the genus Flavobacterium (Bernardet et al., 2002) but could be differentiated from related Flavobacterium species by means of a number of traits, which are listed in Table 1. The physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic data support the description of strain EMB117T as the type strain of a novel species within the genus Flavobacterium, for which the name Flavobacterium defluvii sp. nov. is proposed.
|
Cells are Gram-negative, non-spore-forming rods, 0.4–0.5 µm wide and 2.3–6.5 µm long. Some cells show a knar (see Supplementary Fig. S1 available in IJSEM Online). Cells are devoid of flagella, but gliding motility is observed. Colonies on R2A agar are pale yellow, glistening, translucent, slightly sticky, irregular, slightly raised and have curled margins. Grows at 10–40 °C (optimum, 25–30 °C) and at pH 5.0–10.0 (optimum, pH 7.0–8.0). Grows optimally in plain R2A broth (no added NaCl) and in R2A broth to which 1 % (w/v) NaCl has been added. Growth in R2A broth is severely inhibited by the addition of more than 2 % (w/v) NaCl. Grows at 30 °C on R2A agar, Luria–Bertani agar, tryptic soy agar (Difco) and nutrient agar (Difco). Grows well under aerobic conditions. Growth is weak and delayed under anaerobic conditions. Catalase-positive and oxidase-negative. Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite. Casein, Tween 20, urea, aesculin, gelatin and carboxylmethylcellulose are hydrolysed. Tween 80, tyrosine and starch are not hydrolysed. Congo red is not adsorbed by colonies, and flexirubin-type pigments are produced. Negative for indole, H2S and acetoin production and for citrate utilization (API 20E). Produces acid from raffinose, D-glucose, myo-inositol, lactose, L-arabinose, melibiose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-mannose, D-mannitol and arbutin, but not from salicin. Produces alkaline phosphatase, leucine arylamidase, valine arylamidase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, 
-glucosidase, 
-glucosidase and N-acetyl--glucosaminidase in API ZYM kits, but does not produce esterase (C4), lipase (C14), cystine arylamidase, -chymotrypsin, -galactosidase, -glucuronidase, -mannosidase or -fucosidase. Weak enzymic activities are observed for esterase lipase (C8), trypsin, acid phosphatase and -galactosidase. Resistant to polymyxin B, ampicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, lincomycin, oleandomycin, neomycin, carbenicillin and novobiocin. Sensitive to streptomycin, penicillin G, chloramphenicol and tetracycline. Phosphatidylethanolamine is the predominant polar lipid. The major isoprenoid quinone is MK-6. The cellular fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0 (19.8 %), iso-C17 : 0 3-OH (13.1 %), iso-C15 : 0 3-OH (11.2 %), iso-C15 : 1 G (7.6 %), C15 : 0 (6.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 3-OH (5.6 %), C16 : 0 3-OH (4.5 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (4.4 %), C17 : 16c (2.4 %), iso-C16 : 0 (2.3 %), iso-C17 : 09c (2.3 %), C15 : 0 3-OH (1.9 %), C16 : 0 (1.9 %), C17 : 0 3-OH (1.0 %), summed feature 2 (iso-C16 : 1 I and/or C14 : 0 3-OH, 1.2 %), summed feature 3 (C16 : 17c and/or iso-C15 : 0 2-OH, 10.1 %) and traces (<1 %) of C15 : 16c, iso-C14 : 0 and C17 : 18c. The DNA G+C content is 33.5 mol% (HPLC).
The type strain, EMB117T (=KCTC 12612T=DSM 17963T), was isolated from sludge that performed enhanced biological phosphorus removal in a laboratory-scale sequencing batch reactor.
|
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
|---|
|
REFERENCES |
|---|
|
TOPABSTRACTMAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
Aslam, Z., Im, W. T., Kim, M. K. & Lee, S. T. (2005). Flavobacterium granuli sp. nov., isolated from granules used in a wastewater treatment plant. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 747–751.
Bernardet, J.-F., Segers, P., Vancanneyt, M., Berthe, F., Kersters, K. & Vandamme, P. (1996). Cutting a Gordian knot: emended classification and description of the genus Flavobacterium, emended description of the family Flavobacteriaceae, and proposal of Flavobacterium hydatis nom. nov. (basonym, Cytophaga aquatilis Strohl and Tait 1978). Int J Syst Bacteriol 46, 128–148.
Bernardet, J. F., Nakagawa, Y. & Holmes, B. (2002). Proposed minimal standards for describing new taxa of the family Flavobacteriaceae and emended description of the family. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 1049–1070.[Abstract]
Cole, J. R., Chai, B., Marsh, T. L., Farris, R. J., Wang, Q., Kulam, S. A., Chandra, S., McGarrell, D. M., Schmidt, T. M. & other authors (2003). The Ribosomal Database Project (RDP-II): previewing a new autoaligner that allows regular updates and the new prokaryotic taxonomy. Nucleic Acids Res 31, 442–443.
Felsenstein, J. (2002). PHYLIP (phylogeny inference package), version 3.6a. Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Gerhardt, P., Murray, R. G. E., Wood, W. A. & Krieg, N. R. (1994). Phenotypic characterization. In Methods for General and Molecular Bacteriology, pp. 607–654. Edited by P. Gerhardt. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
Gomori, G. (1955). Preparation of buffers for use in enzyme studies. Methods Enzymol 1, 138–146.
Horn, M. A., Ihssen, J., Matthies, C., Schramm, A., Acker, G. & Drake, H. L. (2005). Dechloromonas denitrificans sp. nov., Flavobacterium denitrificans sp. nov., Paenibacillus anaericanus sp. nov. and Paenibacillus terrae strain MH72, N2O-producing bacteria isolated from the gut of the earthworm Aporrectodea caliginosa. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1255–1265.
Humphry, D. R., George, A., Black, G. W. & Cummings, S. P. (2001). Flavobacterium frigidarium sp. nov., an aerobic, psychrophilic, xylanolytic and laminarinolytic bacterium from Antarctica. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 1235–1243.[Abstract]
Jeon, C. O., Lim, J. M., Lee, J. M., Xu, L. H., Jiang, C. L. & Kim, C. J. (2005). Reclassification of Bacillus haloalkaliphilus Fritze 1996 as Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., comb. nov. and the description of Alkalibacillus salilacus sp. nov., a novel halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1891–1896.
Kim, B. Y., Weon, H. Y., Cousin, S., Yoo, S. H., Kwon, S. W., Go, S. J. & Stackebrandt, E. (2006). Flavobacterium daejeonense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium suncheonense sp. nov., isolated from greenhouse soils in Korea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 1645–1649.
Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16, 111–120.[CrossRef][Medline]
Komagata, K. & Suzuki, K. (1987). Lipid and cell-wall analysis in bacterial systematics. Methods Microbiol 19, 161–208.
Lane, D. J. (1991). 16S/23S rRNA sequencing. In Nucleic Acid Techniques in Bacterial Systematics, pp. 115–175. Edited by E. Stackebrandt & M. Goodfellow. Chichester: Wiley.
Lanyi, B. (1987). Classical and rapid identification methods for medically important bacteria. Methods Microbiol 19, 1–67.
Leifson, E. (1963). Determination of carbohydrate metabolism of marine bacteria. J Bacteriol 85, 1183–1184.
Lim, J. M., Jeon, C. O., Park, D. J., Kim, H. R., Yoon, B. J. & Kim, C. J. (2005). Pontibacillus marinus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a solar saltern, and emended description of the genus Pontibacillus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 1027–1031.
McCammon, S. A. & Bowman, J. P. (2000). Taxonomy of Antarctic Flavobacterium species: description of Flavobacterium gillisiae sp. nov., Flavobacterium tegetincola sp. nov. and Flavobacterium xanthum sp. nov., nom. rev. and reclassification of [Flavobacterium] salegens as Salegentibacter salegens gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 1055–1063.[Abstract]
Sambrook, J. & Russell, D. W. (2001). Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 3rd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
Stackebrandt, E., Frederiksen, W., Garrity, G. M., Grimont, P. A. D., Kämpfer, P., Maiden, M. C. J., Nesme, X., Rosselló-Mora, R., Swings, J. & other authors (2002). Report of the ad hoc committee for the re-evaluation of the species definition in bacteriology. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 1043–1047.[Abstract]
Stanier, R. Y. (1947). Studies on nonfruiting myxobacteria. I Cytophaga johnsonae, n. sp., a chitin-decomposing myxobacterium. J Bacteriol 53, 297–315.
Strohl, W. R. & Tait, L. R. (1978). Cytophaga aquatilis sp. nov., a facultative anaerobe isolated from the gills of freshwater fish. Int J Syst Bacteriol 28, 293–303.
Tamaki, H., Hanada, S., Kamagata, Y., Nakamura, K., Nomura, N., Nakano, K. & Matsumura, M. (2003). Flavobacterium limicola sp. nov., a psychrophilic, organic-polymer-degrading bacterium isolated from freshwater sediments. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 519–526.
Tamaoka, J. & Komagata, K. (1984). Determination of DNA base composition by reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. FEMS Microbiol Lett 25, 125–128.
Thompson, J. D., Higgins, D. G. & Gibson, T. J. (1994). CLUSTAL W: improving the sensitivity of progressive multiple sequence alignment through sequence weighting, position-specific gap penalties and weight matrix choice. Nucleic Acids Res 22, 4673–4680.
Van Trappen, S., Mergaert, J., Van Eygen, S., Dawyndt, P., Cnockaert, M. C. & Swings, J. (2002). Diversity of 746 heterotrophic bacteria isolated from microbial mats from ten Antarctic lakes. Syst Appl Microbiol 25, 603–610.[CrossRef][Medline]
Van Trappen, S., Vandecandelaere, I., Mergaert, J. & Swings, J. (2004). Flavobacterium degerlachei sp. nov., Flavobacterium frigoris sp. nov. and Flavobacterium micromati sp. nov., novel psychrophilic bacteria isolated from microbial mats in Antarctic lakes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 85–92.
Van Trappen, S., Vandecandelaere, I., Mergaert, J. & Swings, J. (2005). Flavobacterium fryxellicola sp. nov. and Flavobacterium psychrolimnae sp. nov., novel psychrophilic bacteria isolated from microbial mats in Antarctic lakes. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 55, 769–772.
Wang, Z.-W., Liu, Y.-H., Dai, X., Wang, B.-J., Jiang, C.-Y. & Liu, S.-J. (2006). Flavobacterium saliperosum sp. nov., isolated from freshwater lake sediment. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 439–442.
Yi, H. & Chun, J. (2006). Flavobacterium weaverense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium segetis sp. nov., novel psychrophiles isolated from the Antarctic. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 1239–1244.
Yoon, J.-H., Kang, S.-J. & Oh, T.-K. (2006). Flavobacterium soli sp. nov., isolated from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 56, 997–1000.
Zhu, F., Wang, S. & Zhou, P. (2003). Flavobacterium xinjiangense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium omnivorum sp. nov., novel psychrophiles from the China No. 1 glacier. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 853–857.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  C.-X. Zhang, S.-Y. Yang, M.-X. Xu, J. Sun, H. Liu, J.-R. Liu, H. Liu, F. Kan, J. Sun, R. Lai, et al. Serratia nematodiphila sp. nov., associated symbiotically with the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditidoides chongmingensis (Rhabditida: Rhabditidae) Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2009; 59(7): 1603 - 1608. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Liu, Y. Zhou, R. Liu, K.-Y. Zhang, and R. Lai Bacillus solisalsi sp. nov., a halotolerant, alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from soil around a salt lake Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1460 - 1464. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y. Shao, B. S. Chung, S. S. Lee, W. Park, S.-S. Lee, and C. O. Jeon Zoogloea caeni sp. nov., a floc-forming bacterium isolated from activated sludge Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2009; 59(3): 526 - 530. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Ryu, J. H. Park, J. C. Moon, Y. Sung, S.-S. Lee, and C. O. Jeon Flavobacterium resistens sp. nov., isolated from stream sediment Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, October 1, 2008; 58(10): 2266 - 2270. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-H. Qu, H.-F. Li, J.-S. Yang, and H.-L. Yuan Flavobacterium cheniae sp. nov., isolated from sediment of a eutrophic reservoir Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2008; 58(9): 2186 - 2190. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Liu, H. Liu, H. Feng, X. Wang, C.-X. Zhang, K.-Y. Zhang, and R. Lai Pseudomonas duriflava sp. nov., isolated from a desert soil Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2008; 58(6): 1404 - 1408. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
R. Liu, H. Liu, C.-X. Zhang, S.-Y. Yang, X.-H. Liu, K.-Y. Zhang, and R. Lai Sphingobacterium siyangense sp. nov., isolated from farm soil Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2008; 58(6): 1458 - 1462. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
H. Liu, R. Liu, S.-Y. Yang, W.-K. Gao, C.-X. Zhang, K.-Y. Zhang, and R. Lai Flavobacterium anhuiense sp. nov., isolated from field soil Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2008; 58(4): 756 - 760. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Lu, J. R. Lee, S. H. Ryu, B. S. Chung, W.-S. Choe, and C. O. Jeon Runella defluvii sp. nov., isolated from a domestic wastewater treatment plant Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, November 1, 2007; 57(11): 2600 - 2603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. H. Ryu, M. Park, Y. Jeon, J. R. Lee, W. Park, and C. O. Jeon Flavobacterium filum sp. nov., isolated from a wastewater treatment plant in Korea Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2007; 57(9): 2026 - 2030. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
