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Taxonomic Note |
1 DSMZ – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
2 Société de Bactériologie Systématique et Vétérinaire (SBSV) and École Nationale Vétérinaire de Toulouse (ENVT), 23 Chemin des Capelles, BP 87614, 31076 Toulouse Cedex 3, France
Correspondence
B. J. Tindall
email address can be found at
www.dsmz.de
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and Quadricoccus Maszenan et al. 2002 are illegitimate* because they are later homonyms of the names Micromonas Manton and Parke 1960 (alga) and Quadricoccus Fott 1948 (alga). [Principle 2, Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision)]. Such names have no claim to be correct names (Principle 6) and, therefore, replacement generic names must be proposed (Rule 54).
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) recommended that the change in wording of Principle 2 proposed by Tindall (1999) be accepted, with modifications: ‘The nomenclature of Prokaryotes is not independent of botanical and zoological nomenclature. When naming new taxa in the rank of genus or higher, due consideration is to be given to avoiding names which are regulated by the Zoological Code and the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.’
Further, the addition of the following Note to Principle 2 was proposed:
‘Note. This principle takes effect with publication of acceptance of this change by the ICSB and is not retroactive.’
Later, the ICSB (International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology, now the International Committee on Systematics of Prokaryotes) voted unanimously in favour of this proposal (Labeda, 2000).
The minutes of the meetings of the Judicial Commission and the minutes of the meetings of the ICSB were published in the November 2000 issue of the IJSEM and, for all practical purposes, the new Principle 2 applies from 01 January 2001.
The ‘old’ Principle 2 and Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code (1990 Revision) (Lapage et al., 1992) state that a bacterial (prokaryotic) name is illegitimate if it is a later homonym of a name of a taxon of fungi, algae, protozoa or viruses.
According to the new Principle 2 or/and to Rule 51b(4) the prokaryotic generic names Micromonas Murdoch and Shah 2000 (Murdoch & Shah, 2000) and Quadricoccus Maszenan et al. 2002 (Maszenan et al., 2002) are illegitimate. The primary resources for searching the botanical and the zoological names were: Index Nominum Genericorum (ING) Plantarum (http://ravenel.si.edu/botany/ing/ingForm.cfm), Names in Current Use for Extant Plant Genera (NCU) (http://www.bgbm.fu-berlin.de/iapt/ncu/genera/Default.htm), algaeBASE (http://www.algaebase.org/) and Index of Organism Names (Thomson) (http://www.organismnames.com).
The prokaryotic genus name Micromonas Murdoch and Shah 2000 is illegitimate because of precedence of the algal genus name, Micromonas Manton and Parke 1960 [Rule 51b(4)]. Although the ‘new’ Principle 2 does not apply to the genus name Micromonas, this name was also illegitimate according to the ‘old’ Principle 2. A search of the ING, NCU and algaeBASE websites indicates that the botanical name Micromonas Manton and Parke 1960 is currently being used. The ING website also lists the name Micromonas Borrel, 1902 (Flagellata?), although this name does not appear in the other databases.
The prokaryotic genus name Quadricoccus Maszenan et al. 2002 is illegitimate because of precedence of the algal genus name Quadricoccus Fott 1948 [Principle 2 and Rule 51b(4)]. In this case the name would also have been illegitimate had the ‘old’ Principle 2 been retained. A search of the ING, NCU and algaeBASE websites indicates that the botanical name Quadricoccus Fott 1948 is currently being used.
Therefore, the prokaryotic generic names Micromonas Murdoch and Shah 2000 and Quadricoccus Maszenan et al. 2002 are illegitimate. According to Principle 6:
The correct name of a taxon is based upon valid publication, legitimacy, and priority of publication.
An illegitimate name cannot be a correct name, and must be replaced.
The corresponding authors of papers proposing these illegitimate names were contacted in order that they be given the opportunity to find replacements. However, no reply was received.
Consequently, we propose to replace (i) the prokaryotic names Micromonas and Micromonas micros (sic) by Parvimonas and Parvimonas micra, respectively; and (ii) the prokaryotic names Quadricoccus and Quadricoccus australiensis by Quatrionicoccus and Quatrionicoccus australiensis, respectively. In each of these cases the fact that the generic names are illegitimate does not affect the legitimacy of the species epithets (Rule 32b and Rule 51a). As a result reference to the authors of the species epithets has been retained in the authorship of the resulting combinations (Rule 54).
The new generic names have been chosen in a fashion which seeks to conserve the meaning of the illegitimate names as originally published.
Description of Parvimonas Tindall and Euzéby gen. nov.
Parvimonas (Par.vi'mo.nas. L. adj. parvus little, small; L. fem. n. monas a unit, monad; N.L. fem. n. Parvimonas a small monad).
Previous illegitimate name Micromonas Murdoch and Shah 2000.
The description of the genus is as given for Micromonas in Murdoch & Shah (1999).
The type species is Parvimonas micra (Prévot 1933) Tindall and Euzéby.
Description of Parvimonas micra (Prévot 1933) Tindall and Euzéby comb. nov.
Parvimonas micra (mi'cra. Gr. adj. mikros -ê -on small, little; N.L. fem. adj. micra small, little).
Basonym: Peptostreptococcus micros (sic) (Prévot 1933) Smith 1957 (Approved Lists 1980); illegitimate homotypic synonym: Micromonas micros (sic) (Prévot 1933) Murdoch and Shah 2000.
The description of the species is as given for Micromonas micros (sic) in Murdoch & Shah (1999).
The type strain is ATCC 33270T (=NCTC 11808T=DSM 20468T=GIFU 7824T).
Description of Quatrionicoccus Tindall and Euzéby gen. nov.
Quatrionicoccus (Qua.tri.o.ni.coc'cus. L. masc. n. quatrio -onis the number four; N.L. masc. n. coccus a grain, berry; N.L. masc. n. Quatrionicoccus four spherical cells).
Previous illegitimate homotypic synonym Quadricoccus Maszenan et al. 2002.
The description of the genus is as given for Quadricoccus in Maszenan et al. (2002).
The type species is Quatrionicoccus australiensis (Maszenan et al. 2002) Tindall and Euzéby.
Description of Quatrionicoccus australiensis (Maszenan et al. 2002) Tindall and Euzéby comb. nov.
Quatrionicoccus australiensis (aus.tra.li.en'sis. N.L. fem. adj. australiensis of Australia, where the isolate originated).
Illegitimate basonym: Quadricoccus australiensis Maszenan et al. 2002.
The description of the species is as given for Quadricoccus australiensis in Maszenan et al. (2002).
The type strain is Ben 117T (=NCIMB 13738T=CIP 107055T).
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Labeda, D. P. (2000). International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. IXth International (IUMS) Congress of Bacteriology and Applied Microbiology. Minutes of the meetings, 14 and 17 August 1999, Sydney, Australia. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 2245–2247.
Lapage, S. P., Sneath, P. H. A., Lessel, E. F., Skerman, V. B. D., Seeliger, H. P. R. & Clark, W. A. (editors) (1992). International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 Revision). Bacteriological Code. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
Maszenan, A. M., Seviour, R. J., Patel, B. K. C. & Schumann, P. (2002). Quadricoccus australiensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a 
-proteobacterium from activated sludge biomass. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 223–228.[Abstract]
Murdoch, D. A. & Shah, H. N. (1999). Reclassification of Peptostreptococcus magnus (Prevot 1933) Holdeman and Moore 1972 as Finegoldia magna comb. nov. and Peptostreptococcus micros (Prevot 1933) Smith 1957 as Micromonas micros comb. nov. Anaerobe 5, 555–559.
Murdoch, D. A. & Shah, H. N. (2000). Micromonas micros comb. nov. In Validation of the Publication of New Names and New Combinations Previously Effectively Published Outside the IJSEM, List no. 75. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 1415–1417.[Abstract]
Tindall, B. J. (1999). Proposals to update and make changes to the Bacteriological Code. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49, 1309–1312.
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