| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, 690022, Vladivostok, Russia
2 Department of Microbiology, School of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, 220 Gung-dong, Yusong, Daejon 305-764, Republic of Korea
3 Institute of Marine Biology of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Pal'chevskogo St 17, 690032, Vladivostok, Russia
4 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Oun-dong, Yusong, Daejon 305-333, Republic of Korea
Correspondence
Olga I. Nedashkovskaya
olganedashkovska{at}piboc.dvo.ru
or
olganedashkovska{at}yahoo.com
 |
ABSTRACT |
|---|
 TOP ABSTRACT MAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of Mesonia mobilis KMM 6059T is DQ367409.
|
MAIN TEXT |
|---|
|
TOPABSTRACTMAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
), was erected to accommodate Gram-negative, strictly aerobic, heterotrophic, yellow-pigmented and non-motile marine bacteria belonging to the family Flavobacteriaceae (Bernardet et al., 2002). Strains of M. algae were isolated from the common Pacific green alga Acrosiphonia sonderi. The genus Mesonia forms a phylogenetic cluster with the genera Salegentibacter and Gramella. During June 2000 we isolated an unknown bacterial strain, designated KMM 6059T, from a seawater sample collected in Troitsa Bay, Gulf of Peter the Great, Sea of Japan. A polyphasic taxonomic study of this strain indicated that it represents a novel species of the genus Mesonia.
Genomic DNA extraction, PCR and sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene followed the procedures given in Kim et al. (1998). To establish the precise taxonomic position of strain KMM 6059T, 1434 nt of its 16S rRNA gene sequence was determined, 1405 bp of which were used for comparative phylogenetic analysis. The sequence data obtained were aligned with sequences of representative members of the family Flavobacteriaceae retrieved from EMBL using PHYDIT version 3.2 (http://plaza.snu.ac.kr/
jchun/phydit/). Phylogenetic trees were inferred using suitable programs of the PHYLIP package (Felsenstein, 1993). Phylogenetic distances were calculated from Kimura's two-parameter model (Kimura, 1980), and trees were constructed on the basis of the neighbour-joining (Saitou & Nei, 1987), least-squares (Fitch & Margoliash, 1967) and maximum-likelihood (Felsenstein, 1993) algorithms. Bootstrap analysis was performed with 1000 resampled datasets, using the SEQBOOT and CONSENSE programs of the PHYLIP package.
16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain KMM 6059T was a member of the family Flavobacteriaceae and formed a distinct branch within the genus Mesonia (Fig. 1). The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between KMM 6059T and M. algae KMM 3909T was 95.8 %.
|
and the G+C content of the DNA was determined by the thermal denaturation method (Marmur & Doty, 1962). The DNA base composition of KMM 6059T was 36.1 mol% G+C.
In order to determine whole-cell fatty acid and polar lipid profiles, strains KMM 6059T and M. algae KMM 3909T were grown at 28 °C for 48 h on marine agar 2216 (Difco). Lipids were extracted by a method modified from that of Bligh & Dyer (1959). Polar lipids were separated by two-dimensional micro-TLC in solvent systems as described by Vaskovsky & Terekhova (1979). Lipids were detected by TLC using 10 % H2SO4 in methanol with subsequent heating to 180 °C, and using specific reagents for phospholipids (Vaskovsky et al., 1975) and amino group-containing lipids (2 % ninhydrin in acetone). The lipids were treated with 5 % HCl in methanol at 80 °C for 180 min to produce fatty acid methyl esters (FAMEs) (Christie, 1982). FAMEs were analysed in a flame ionization detector gas chromatograph (Shimadzu GC-17) with a fused silica capillary column (30 mx0.25 mm) coated with Supelcowax 10 at 210 °C. Helium was used as carrier gas. FAMEs were identified by comparing the retention times with those of authentic standards and using equivalent chain length measurements. To ensure correct identification, FAMEs were also analysed by GC-MS (Shimadzu QP5050A) with an MDN-5S capillary column (30 mx0.25 mm). The column temperature was programmed as follows: 1 min hold at 170 °C, followed by an increase to 240 °C at 2 °C min–1, and a hold at 240 °C for 20 min. The temperature of the injector and detector was 250 °C.
Phosphatidylethanolamine was the only phospholipid identified. The predominant cellular fatty acids of KMM 6059T and M. algae KMM 3909T were straight-chain unsaturated, branched-chain unsaturated and saturated, namely iso-C15 : 0, anteiso-C15 : 0, C15 : 0, iso-C15 : 1, C16 : 1
7, iso-C17 : 1 and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (Table 1).
|
, 2004); they are given in the species description below and in Table 2. Similarities in phenotypic characteristics and cellular fatty acid composition support the inclusion of strain KMM 6059T within the genus Mesonia. However, strain KMM 6059T differed from M. algae based on several phenotypic features, including its ability to move by gliding, to grow at 39 °C, to produce acid from D-glucose and D-maltose and to utilize L-arabinose and D-mannose (Table 2). Whereas M. algae strains were able to degrade casein and Tween 40, KMM 6059T could not hydrolyse these substrates. Susceptibility to benzylpenicillin, resistance to carbenicillin and oleandomycin and higher G+C content of the DNA may be also used to differentiate the new isolate from M. algae.
|
Although bacteria belonging to the genus Mesonia were described as non-motile organisms, gliding motility was observed for cells of strain KMM 6059T. For this reason, and because data on phospholipid composition are now available, we provide an emended description of the genus Mesonia.
Description of Mesonia mobilis sp. nov.
Mesonia mobilis (mo.bi'lis. L. fem. adj. mobilis movable, mobile, referring to the ability to move by gliding).
Cells are Gram-negative, strictly aerobic with respiratory metabolism, chemo-organotrophic, motile by gliding, asporogenic and rod-shaped, ranging from 0.4 to 0.5 µm in width and from 1.0 to 2.1 µm in length. Oxidase-, catalase- and alkaline phosphatase-positive and 
-galactosidase-negative. Colonies are circular, convex and shiny with entire edges. Colonies are 1–3 mm in diameter when grown on marine agar. Produces non-diffusible yellow pigments. Flexirubin-type pigments are absent. Grows in the presence of 1–12 % NaCl, at 4–39 °C and at pH 6.0–9.5. Optimal growth is observed with 3–4 % NaCl, at 28–30 °C and at pH 7.5. Degrades gelatin and Tween 20. Does not hydrolyse agar, casein, starch, cellulose (carboxymethylcellulose and filter paper), chitin, DNA, urea or Tweens 40 or 80. Forms acid from D-glucose and D-maltose, but not from L-arabinose, D-cellobiose, L-fucose, D-galactose, D-lactose, D-melibiose, sucrose, L-raffinose, L-rhamnose, L-sorbose, DL-xylose, N-acetylglucosamine, adonitol, dulcitol, glycerol, inositol, mannitol, malate, fumarate or citrate. Nitrate is not reduced. H2S, indole and acetoin (Voges–Proskauer reaction) are not produced. Susceptible to ampicillin, benzylpenicillin and lincomycin. Resistant to carbenicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, neomycin, oleandomycin, polymyxin B, streptomycin and tetracycline. The predominant cellular fatty acids are straight-chain unsaturated, branched-chain unsaturated and saturated, namely iso-C15 : 0 (9.7 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (4 %), C15 : 0 (7.6 %), iso-C15 : 1 (38.3 %), C16 : 17 (8.1 %), iso-C17 : 1 (6.2 %) and iso-C15 : 0 2-OH (8.3 %). The G+C content of the DNA is 36.1 mol%.
The type strain, KMM 6059T (=KCTC 12708T=LMG 23670T), was isolated from seawater collected in Troitsa Bay, Gulf of Peter the Great, East Sea (also known as the Sea of Japan).
Emended description of the genus Mesonia Nedashkovskaya et al. 2003
The description is as given by Nedashkovskaya et al. (2003), with the following changes. Cells may be motile by means of gliding. Phosphatidylethanolamine is the only phospholipid identified. The G+C content of the DNA is in the range 32–37 mol%. The type species is Mesonia algae.
|
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
|---|
|
REFERENCES |
|---|
|
TOPABSTRACTMAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
Bligh, E. G. & Dyer, W. J. (1959). A rapid method of total lipid extraction and purification. Can J Biochem Physiol 37, 911–917.
Christie, W. W. (1982). Lipid Analysis: Isolation, Separation, Identification and Structural Analysis of Lipids. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Felsenstein, J. (1993). PHYLIP – phylogeny inference package, version 3.5c. Distributed by the author. Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, USA.
Fitch, W. M. & Margoliash, E. (1967). Construction of phylogenetic trees: a method based on mutation distances as estimated from cytochrome c sequences is of general applicability. Science 155, 279–284.
Kim, S. B., Falconer, C., Williams, E. & Goodfellow, M. (1998). Streptomyces thermocarboxydovorans sp. nov. and Streptomyces thermocarboxydus sp. nov., two moderately thermophilic carboxydotrophic species isolated from soil. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48, 59–68.
Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16, 111–120.[CrossRef][Medline]
Marmur, J. (1961). A procedure for the isolation of deoxyribonucleic acid from microorganisms. J Mol Biol 3, 208–218.
Marmur, J. & Doty, P. (1962). Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. J Mol Biol 5, 109–118.[Medline]
Nedashkovskaya, O. I., Kim, S. B., Han, S. K. & 7 other authors (2003). Mesonia algae gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the green alga Acrosiphonia sonderi (Kütz) Kornm. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 1967–1971.
Nedashkovskaya, O. I., Kim, S. B., Han, S. K., Rhee, M. S., Lysenko, A. M., Falsen, E., Frolova, G. M., Mikhailov, V. V. & Bae, K. S. (2004). Ulvibacter litoralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel member of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the green alga Ulva fenestrata. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 119–123.
Saitou, N. & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406–425.[Abstract]
Vaskovsky, V. E. & Terekhova, T. A. (1979). HPTLC of phospholipid mixtures containing phosphatidylglycerol. J High Resolut Chromatogr Chromatogr Commun 2, 671–672.[CrossRef]
Vaskovsky, V. E., Kostetsky, E. Y. & Vasendin, I. M. (1975). A universal reagent for phospholipid analysis. J Chromatogr 114, 129–141.[CrossRef][Medline]
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  O. I. Nedashkovskaya, M. Vancanneyt, S. B. Kim, and N. V. Zhukova Winogradskyella echinorum sp. nov., a marine bacterium of the family Flavobacteriaceae isolated from the sea urchin Strongylocentrotus intermedius Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2009; 59(6): 1465 - 1468. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
