| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, China
Correspondence
Pei-Gen Ren
renpg{at}vip.sina.com.cn
 |
ABSTRACT |
|---|
 TOP ABSTRACT MAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
Published online ahead of print on 23 July 2004 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.63180-0.
The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains 28-1T and 28-4 are AY319933 and AY646355.
|
MAIN TEXT |
|---|
|
TOPABSTRACTMAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
Ai-Ding Lake is located in the most arid area of China, where evaporation is significantly higher than precipitation. The lake is at the lowest point of elevation in China and the second lowest in the world (154 m below sea-level). Water is largely supplied from the nearby glacier of Tian-Shan Mountain. The water level in the lake varies continuously and, at times, the lake almost disappears. Ai-Ding Lake is of athalassohaline origin and is a typical chloride–sulphate saline lake with a neutral pH; the salt concentration fluctuates between 20 and 26 % between seasons. The content of Mg2+ and Ca2+ in the brine is very low. The water is slightly alkaline, between pH 7·2 and 7·6. Plankton diversity is low and quantities change markedly throughout the year. Soil in the vicinity is saline and vegetation cover is sparse with limited species variation (Yan, 1996
). The geomorphology of the area means that this area represents a relatively isolated ecosystem. A previous study showed adaptations of the microflora to these unique and harsh conditions (Tohty & Xu, 2001).
MHB, according to the definition provided by Kushner (1985), have optimal growth in media containing 3–15 % (w/v) salt but no growth in media without salt. Moderately halophilic, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming bacteria are widely distributed in hypersaline environments and represent an important part of the halophilic bacteria worldwide. Numerous Bacillus species have been reclassified (Lawson et al., 1996; Wainø et al., 1999; Arahal et al., 1999, 2000; Heyrman et al., 2003) and many new genera have been proposed. Hitherto, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic and spore-forming MHB are found within genera including Bacillus (Ventosa et al., 1989; Fritze, 1996), Halobacillus (Spring et al., 1996; Yoon et al., 2003), Virgibacillus (Heyndrickx et al., 1998; Heyrman et al., 2003), Gracilibacillus (Wainø et al., 1999), Filobacillus (Schlesner et al., 2001), Jeotgalibacillus (Yoon et al., 2001), Marinibacillus (Yoon et al., 2001), Oceanobacillus (Lu et al., 2001), Lentibacillus (Yoon et al., 2002) and Paraliobacillus (Ishikawa et al., 2002). All of these genera belong to the family Bacillaceae of the low G+C Gram-positive bacteria group and are closely related.
Samples were collected aseptically into vessels from soil around the lake and from sediment near the lake bank. Samples were packed in ice before transportation to the laboratory and then stored at –20 °C until study. Soil samples (0·5 g) were suspended in saline water (10 ml, 10 % NaCl solution) and supernatants were spread on modified Halophiles Moderate (HM, with 10 % NaCl) plates (Ventosa et al., 1982). Two isolates from these samples, strains 28-1T and 28-4, were studied polyphasically.
The cellular morphology of the isolates was observed by optical microscopy and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Samples for TEM were prepared as described by Zhu et al. (2003). Cells were stained negatively with 1 % (w/v) phosphotungstic acid; after air-drying, the grids were examined using a model H-600 transmission electron microscope (Hitachi). Gram staining was used for testing cell wall structure, in parallel with KOH testing (Gregersen, 1978). The presence of flagella was determined by staining (Kodaka et al., 1982) and TEM observation. Motility was determined by phase-contrast microscopy and growth conditions were studied in soft-agar medium.
General physiological and biochemical tests were performed as described by Smibert & Krieg (1981). The range of NaCl concentration for growth was tested in aquatic HM medium with an NaCl concentration between 0 % and saturated. Growth temperature of the strains in HM medium with optimal salt concentration (unless otherwise specified, cultivation was at optimal salt concentration and temperature) was determined using a TN3F temperature gradient incubator (Advantec). The pH range for growth (from pH 5·5 to 11·0 at intervals of 0·5) was determined by adding MES (5·5–6·5), PIPES (6·5–7·5), HEPES (7·0–8·0), Tricine (7·5–9·0) and CHES (9·0–11·0) into liquid modified HM medium, all at concentrations of 50 mM. Utilization of carbon and energy sources (added at 0·5 %, w/v) was investigated by use of a basal medium (Xin et al., 2001). Hydrolysis of starch, casein, gelatin and Tweens 20, 40, 60 and 80 was assessed on HM plates with the corresponding substrates substituting for saccharide within the medium.
Peptidoglycan composition was analysed by one-dimensional chromatography as described by Schleifer & Kandler (1972) using cellulose thin layers instead of paper. Cellular fatty acids were determined by analysing the composition of fatty acid methyl esters by GLC (determined by the DSMZ, Germany). DNA was extracted using the method of Sambrook et al. (1989). DNA G+C content was determined with HPLC as described by Mesbah et al. (1989). PCR products of the 16S rRNA gene were sequenced directly by the ABI PRISM BigDye Primer cycle sequencing kit and sequencing was performed on an ABI 3700 DNA sequencer (Applied Biosystems). Nearly complete 16S rRNA gene sequences were used to construct a phylogenetic tree with sequences of other halophilic bacilli available from GenBank. The tree was constructed using the neighbour-joining method (Saitou & Nei, 1987) and the stability of the relationship was assessed by bootstrap analysis with the TREECONW software package, as well as by the maximum-parsimony algorithm in the Ribosomal Database Project (RDP) online analysis. The microplate DNA–DNA hybridization method was used in DNA similarity analysis as described by Ezaki et al. (1989) with colorimetric quantification at the optimal hybridization temperature. The microplate reader used was FLUOstar OPTIMA (BMG).
Only the 5'-end (>700 bp) of the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 28-4 was determined; this part contains the hypervariable region of the gene (Goto et al., 2000). Using the FASTA program (ungapped), 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains 28-4 and 28-1T was 99·8 %. In addition, DNA–DNA relatedness values (84 and 79 % reciprocally) and the large number of shared characteristics indicated that these two strains should be classified within the same species.
Using the FASTA3 program in EBI, 16S rRNA gene sequence comparisons were made between the novel strains and other members of the Bacillaceae. The closest matches were with Filobacillus milensis (97·0 % sequence similarity), the only member of the genus Filobacillus, and Bacillus haloalkaliphilus (95·7 % similarity). Similarities to the species of Gracilibacillus, Virgibacillus, Lentibacillus and Halobacillus were no greater than 94·1 %. In addition, DNA–DNA relatedness values of strain 28-1T with F. milensis and B. haloalkaliphilus were 16 % (23 %, reciprocally) and 11 % (14 %, reciprocally), respectively.
Wayne et al. (1987) emphasized the importance of phylogeny to bacterial taxonomy, and that phylogeny should determine taxonomy. Most of the aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming, moderately halophilic or halotolerant bacteria have similar phenotypic and physiological traits. Phylogenetic data predominate and are considered to be preferential in determining taxonomy among such bacteria. Several genera of moderately halophilic or halotolerant bacilli have previously been proposed from small numbers of strains, mainly on the basis of their phylogeny, for example Filobacillus (Schlesner et al., 2001), Lentibacillus (Yoon et al., 2002) and Paraliobacillus (Ishikawa et al., 2002). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence data, these organisms show the greatest degree of similarity to strains 28-1T and 28-4.
F. milensis is a moderately halophilic bacillus, with an unusual murein type, L-ornithine, for cross-linking (Schlesner et al., 2001). By contrast, the diamino acid in the murein of strains 28-1T and 28-4 was meso-diaminopimelic acid, which is common in members of Bacillus and many related genera, for example Virgibacillus, Lentibacillus and Paraliobacillus. In the neighbour-joining tree, Filobacillus milensis and strain 28-1T group in the same cluster (Fig. 1), with a bootstrap value for this cluster of 84 %. This phylogenetic topology was also supported by maximum-parsimony analysis, producing a similar bootstrap value (data not shown). The difference of murein type between F. milensis and strains 28-1T and 28-4 suggested they should be separated into a different taxon. The major fatty acids of F. milensis cultivated on modified HM agar were anteiso-C15 : 0 (35·2 %), iso-C15 : 0 (27·0 %) and anteiso-C17 : 0 (12·3 %), whereas the major fatty acids of isolate 28-1T were iso-C15 : 0 (64·7 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (12·7 %) and iso-C17 : 0 (8·3 %). In addition to the phylogenetic and biochemical data mentioned above, differences in position of flagella, Gram-staining, growth in media without NaCl and oxidase activity supported their separation (Table 1).
|
|
), strain 28-1T and the alkaliphilic, extremely halotolerant species B. haloalkaliphilus (Fritze, 1996) were on a lower branch with 100 % bootstrap value at the node. This topology was also supported by a maximum-parsimony algorithm, and the clustering fidelity was supported by bootstrap analysis at a confidence level of 100 % (data not shown). Although there are many similar phenotypic characteristics between the novel strains and B. haloalkaliphilus, some important traits that distinguish them remain. For example, iso-C16 : 0 is one of the major fatty acids (4 % of total composition) of strain 28-1T, but is not found in B. haloalkaliphilus; Gram reaction of B. haloalkaliphilus is variable but strain 28-1T is positive; and a notable difference is that B. haloalkaliphilus is an obligately alkaliphilic species without growth at pH 7·0 and with optimal growth at pH 9·7, whereas strain 28-1T is neutrophilic with no growth above pH 9·0.
Other aerobic or facultatively anaerobic, spore-forming and moderately halophilic bacilli, such as Gracilibacillus, Virgibacillus, Lentibacillus and Halobacillus species, were distantly related to the novel isolates (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of less than 94·1 %). This can be seen from the phylogenetic relationship in the neighbour-joining tree (Fig. 1). Further differences can be observed in the morphological, chemotaxonomic and physiological characteristics (Table 1).
Two strains are not ideal for description of the diversity of a new genus, especially as its nearest genus, Filobacillus, was based on only one strain. A more complete understanding must await isolation of further strains. Based on the data, a new genus seems to be the best solution for classifying these strains. We propose the name Tenuibacillus gen. nov. with type species Tenuibacillus multivorans sp. nov.
Description of Tenuibacillus gen. nov.
Tenuibacillus (Te.nu.i.ba.cil'lus. L. adj. tenuis slender, thin, slim; L. n. bacillus small rod; N.L. masc. n. Tenuibacillus a slender rod).
Gram-positive, aerobic, organotrophic, rod-shaped cells (about 0·3–0·5x2·0–6·0 µm). Cells are motile with a single polar flagellum. Spores are spherical, terminally located, and sporangium swollen. No growth in media without NaCl. Nitrate is not reduced to nitrite. Catalase- and oxidase-positive; phosphoesterase- and cellulase-negative. Production of H2S but not NH3. Methyl red and Voges–Proskauer tests are negative. The major fatty acids are iso-C15 : 0 (65 %), anteiso-C15 : 0 (13 %), iso-C17 : 0 (8 %) and iso-C16 : 0 (4 %). DNA G+C content is 36·5–37 mol%. The diamino acid in peptidoglycan is meso-diaminopimelic acid. The type species is Tenuibacillus multivorans.
Description of Tenuibacillus multivorans sp. nov.
Tenuibacillus multivorans (mul.ti.vor'ans. L. part. adj. multus many, numerous; L. v. voro to devour, swallow; N.L. part. adj. multivorans devouring numerous kinds of substrates).
In addition to characteristics given above for the genus, the followings are characteristic of T. multivorans. Gram staining of fresh culture is positive but variable in old culture. KOH test is negative. Cells are motile by one polar flagellum. After 2 days growth, colonies are circular, translucent, convex and 1–2 mm in diameter; older colonies become brown from the centre outwards on HM medium. Optimal NaCl concentration for growth is 5 % for strain 28-1T (8 % for strain 28-4); NaCl growth range is 1–20 % and no growth is observed at either 37 or 20 °C in rich media without NaCl. Temperature range for growth is 21–42 °C (optimum 36–41 °C). pH range for growth is 6·5–9·0 (optimum 7·0–8·0). Able to utilize but not produce acid from all saccharides, polysaccharides and sugar alcohols tested, including arabinose, xylose, D-fructose, glucose, D-mannose, rhamnose, DL-sorbose, cellobiose, D-galactose, lactose, maltose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, melezitose, D-raffinose, inulin, dulcitol, erythritol, glycerol, inositol, mannitol and salicin. Hydrolyses gelatin, casein, aesculin and Tweens 40 and 60, but not starch or Tweens 20 or 80.
The type strain is strain 28-1T (=AS 1.3442T=NBRC 100370T), isolated from a hypersaline lake, Ai-Ding Lake, in the Xin-Jiang Uigur Autonomous Area of north-west China.
|
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
|---|
|
REFERENCES |
|---|
|
TOPABSTRACTMAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
Arahal, D. R., Márquez, M. C., Volcani, B. E., Schleifer, K. H. & Ventosa, A. (2000). Reclassification of Bacillus marismortui as Salibacillus marismortui comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 1501–1503.[Abstract]
Ezaki, T., Hashimoto, Y. & Yabuuchi, E. (1989). Fluorometric deoxyribonucleic acid-deoxyribonucleic acid hybridization in microdilution wells as an alternative to membrane filter hybridization in which radioisotopes are used to determine genetic relatedness among bacterial strains. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39, 224–229.
Fritze, D. (1996). Bacillus haloalkaliphilus sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46, 98–101.
Goto, K., Omura, T., Hara, Y. & Sadaie, Y. (2000). Application of the partial 16S rDNA sequence as an index for rapid identification of species in the genus Bacillus. J Gen Appl Microbiol 46, 1–8.
Gregersen, T. (1978). Rapid method for distinction of Gram-negative from Gram-positive bacteria. Eur J Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 5, 123–127.[CrossRef]
Heyndrickx, M., Lebbe, L., Kersters, K., De Vos, P., Forsyth, G. & Logan, N. A. (1998). Virgibacillus: a new genus to accommodate Bacillus pantothenticus (Proom and Knight 1950). Emended description of Virgibacillus pantothenticus. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48, 99–106.
Heyrman, J., Logan, N. A., Busse, H.-J., Balcaen, A., Lebbe, L., Rodriguez-Diaz, M., Swings, J. & De Vos, P. (2003). Virgibacillus carmonensis sp. nov., Virgibacillus necropolis sp. nov. and Virgibacillus picturae sp. nov., three novel species isolated from deteriorated mural paintings, transfer of the species of the genus Salibacillus to Virgibacillus, as Virgibacillus marismortui comb. nov. and Virgibacillus salexigens comb. nov., and emended description of the genus Virgibacillus. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 501–511.
Ishikawa, M., Ishizaki, S., Yamamoto, Y. & Yamasato, K. (2002). Paraliobacillus ryukyuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new Gram-positive, slightly halophilic, extremely halotolerant, facultatively anaerobe isolated from a decomposing marine alga. J Gen Appl Microbiol 48, 269–280.
Kodaka, H., Armfield, A. Y., Lombard, G. L. & Dowell, V. R., Jr (1982). Practical procedure for demonstrating bacterial flagella. J Clin Microbiol 16, 948–952.
Kushner, D. J. (1985). The halobacteriaceae. In The Bacteria, a Treatise on Structure and Function, vol. VIII, pp. 171–206. Edited by I. C. Gunsalus, C. R. Woese & R. S. Wolfe. San Diego: Academic Press.
Lawson, P. A., Deutch, C. E. & Collins, M. D. (1996). Phylogenetic characterization of a novel salt-tolerant Bacillus species: description of Bacillus dipsosauri sp. nov. J Appl Bacteriol 81, 109–112.[Medline]
Lu, J., Nogi, Y. & Takami, H. (2001). Oceanobacillus iheyensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a deep-sea extremely halotolerant and alkaliphilic species isolated from a depth of 1050 m on the Iheya Ridge. FEMS Microbiol Lett 205, 291–297.[CrossRef][Medline]
Mesbah, M., Premachandran, U. & Whitman, W. B. (1989). Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39, 159–167.
Proom, H. & Knight, B. C. J. G. (1950). Bacillus pantothenticus (n. sp.). J Gen Microbiol 4, 539–541.
Saitou, N. & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406–425.[Abstract]
Sambrook, J., Frisch, E. F. & Maniatis, T. (1989). Molecular Cloning: a Laboratory Manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor, NY: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory.
Schleifer, K. H. & Kandler, O. (1972). Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications. Bacteriol Rev 36, 407–477.
Schlesner, H., Lawson, P. A., Collins, M. D., Weiss, N., Wehmeyer, U., Völker, H. & Thomm, M. (2001). Filobacillus milensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new halophilic spore-forming bacterium with Orn-D-Glu-type peptidoglycan. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 425–431.[Abstract]
Smibert, R. M. & Krieg, N. R. (1981). Phenotypic characterization. In Manual of Methods for General Microbiology, pp. 611–654. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.
Spring, S., Ludwig, W., Marquez, M. C., Ventosa, A. & Schleifer, K.-H. (1996). Halobacillus gen. nov., with descriptions of Halobacillus litoralis sp. nov. and Halobacillus trueperi sp. nov., and transfer of Sporosarcina halophila to Halobacillus halophilus comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46, 492–496.
Tohty, D. & Xu, X.-J. (2001). The numerical distribution of halophilic bacteria and halotolerant bacteria in Aydin Lake and the surrounding area. Acta Ecol Sin 21, 1388–1391.
Ventosa, A., Quesada, E., Rodriguez-Valera, F., Ruiz-Berraquero, F. & Ramos-Cormenzana, A. (1982). Numerical taxonomy of moderately halophilic Gram-negative rods. J Gen Microbiol 128, 1959–1968.
Ventosa, A., Garcia, M. T., Kamekura, M., Onishi, H. & Ruiz-Berraquero, F. (1989). Bacillus halophilus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic Bacillus species. Syst Appl Microbiol 12, 162–165.
Wainø, M., Tindall, B. J., Schumann, P. & Ingvorsen, K. (1999). Gracilibacillus gen. nov., with description of Gracilibacillus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov.; transfer of Bacillus dipsosauri to Gracilibacillus dipsosauri comb. nov., and Bacillus salexigens to the genus Salibacillus gen. nov., as Salibacillus salexigens comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 49, 821–831.
Wayne, L. G., Brenner, D. J., Colwell, R. R. & 9 other authors (1987). Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37, 463–464.
Xin, H., Itoh, T., Zhou, P., Suzuki, K. & Nakase, T. (2001). Natronobacterium nitratireducens sp. nov., a haloalkaliphilic archaeon isolated from a soda lake in China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 1825–1829.[Abstract]
Yan, S. (1996). Recent changes and hydro-ecological problems of the lakes in northern XinJiang, China. In An Introduction to the Hydro-ecology in Central Asia, pp. 101–114. Urumchi: XinJiang Science & Technology Press.
Yoon, J.-H., Weiss, N., Lee, K.-C., Lee, I.-S., Kang, K. H. & Park, Y.-H. (2001). Jeotgalibacillus alimentarius gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel bacterium isolated from jeotgal with L-lysine in the cell wall, and reclassification of Bacillus marinus Rüger 1983 as Marinibacillus marinus gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 2087–2093.[Abstract]
Yoon, J.-H., Kang, K. H. & Park, Y.-H. (2002). Lentibacillus salicampi gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt field in Korea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 2043–2048.[Abstract]
Yoon, J.-H., Kang, K. H. & Park, Y.-H. (2003). Halobacillus salinus sp. nov., isolated from a salt lake on the coast of the East Sea in Korea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 687–693.
Zhu, F., Wang, S. & Zhou, P. (2003). Flavobacterium xinjiangense sp. nov. and Flavobacterium omnivorum sp. nov., novel psychrophiles from the China No. 1 glacier. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 853–857.
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J.-C. Lee, W.-J. Li, L.-H. Xu, C.-L. Jiang, and C.-J. Kim Lentibacillus salis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, August 1, 2008; 58(8): 1838 - 1843. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. C. Marquez, I. J. Carrasco, Y. Xue, Y. Ma, D. A. Cowan, B. E. Jones, W. D. Grant, and A. Ventosa Aquisalibacillus elongatus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium of the family Bacillaceae isolated from a saline lake Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, August 1, 2008; 58(8): 1922 - 1926. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. J. Carrasco, M. C. Marquez, Y. Xue, Y. Ma, D. A. Cowan, B. E. Jones, W. D. Grant, and A. Ventosa Sediminibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, Gram-positive bacterium from a hypersaline lake Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, August 1, 2008; 58(8): 1961 - 1967. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Tanasupawat, S. Namwong, T. Kudo, and T. Itoh Piscibacillus salipiscarius gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from fermented fish (pla-ra) in Thailand Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2007; 57(7): 1413 - 1417. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Y.-G. Kim, C. Y. Hwang, K. W. Yoo, H. T. Moon, J.-H. Yoon, and B. C. Cho Pelagibacillus goriensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halotolerant bacterium isolated from coastal water off the east coast of Korea Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2007; 57(7): 1554 - 1560. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Echigo, T. Fukushima, T. Mizuki, M. Kamekura, and R. Usami Halalkalibacillus halophilus gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic and alkaliphilic bacterium isolated from a non-saline soil sample in Japan Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2007; 57(5): 1081 - 1085. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. Yuan, P. Ren, J. Liu, Y. Xue, Y. Ma, and P. Zhou Lentibacillus halodurans sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in Xin-Jiang, China Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2007; 57(3): 485 - 488. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Pakdeeto, S. Tanasupawat, C. Thawai, S. Moonmangmee, T. Kudo, and T. Itoh Lentibacillus kapialis sp. nov., from fermented shrimp paste in Thailand Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, February 1, 2007; 57(2): 364 - 369. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
I. J. Carrasco, M. C. Marquez, X. Yanfen, Y. Ma, D. A. Cowan, B. E. Jones, W. D. Grant, and A. Ventosa Gracilibacillus orientalis sp. nov., a novel moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in Inner Mongolia, China. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2006; 56(Pt 3): 599 - 604. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
M. T. Garcia, V. Gallego, A. Ventosa, and E. Mellado Thalassobacillus devorans gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, phenol-degrading, Gram-positive bacterium Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2005; 55(5): 1789 - 1795. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J.-M. Lim, C. O. Jeon, S.-M. Song, J.-C. Lee, Y. J. Ju, L.-H. Xu, C.-L. Jiang, and C.-J. Kim Lentibacillus lacisalsi sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a saline lake in China Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2005; 55(5): 1805 - 1809. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
C. O. Jeon, J.-M. Lim, J.-M. Lee, L.-H. Xu, C.-L. Jiang, and C.-J. Kim Reclassification of Bacillus haloalkaliphilus Fritze 1996 as Alkalibacillus haloalkaliphilus gen. nov., comb. nov. and the description of Alkalibacillus salilacus sp. nov., a novel halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in China Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2005; 55(5): 1891 - 1896. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P.-G. Ren and P.-J. Zhou Salinibacillus aidingensis gen. nov., sp. nov. and Salinibacillus kushneri sp. nov., moderately halophilic bacteria isolated from a neutral saline lake in Xin-Jiang, China Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2005; 55(2): 949 - 953. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
