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1 The Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of the Ministry of Education, People's Republic of China, Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Bio-Resources, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, People's Republic of China
2 Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, 52 Oeundong, Yusong, Daejeon 305-333, Republic of Korea
Correspondence
Cheng-Lin Jiang
lihxu{at}ynu.edu.cn
or
liact{at}hotmail.com
| ABSTRACT |
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The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM 90010T is AY373031.
| MAIN TEXT |
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Strain YIM 90010T was isolated from a saline soil sample by using modified International Streptomyces Project (ISP) 5 medium supplemented with 20 % (w/v) NaCl. The soil sample was collected from the same source as described previously (Cui et al., 2001
; M. G. Li et al., 2003
; W. J. Li et al., 2003a
, b
, c
). The strain was maintained on ISP 2 and ISP 5 slants containing 10 % (w/v) NaCl at 4 °C and as 20 % (w/v) glycerol suspensions at 20 °C. Biomass for chemical and molecular studies was obtained by cultivation in shake flasks (about 150 r.p.m.) using modified ISP 5 medium [10 % (w/v) NaCl, pH 7·0] broth at 28 °C for 1 week.
The morphological characteristics of strain YIM 90010T were observed by using light microscopy (model BH 2; Olympus) and scanning electron microscopy with a JEOL model JSM5600LV after 14 days growth on ISP 5 medium containing 10 % (w/v) NaCl. Cultural characteristics were determined after 4 weeks at 28 °C by using the methods adopted in the ISP (Shirling & Gottlieb, 1966
). All media were supplemented with 10 % (w/v) NaCl, and the colours of both substrate and aerial mycelia and the production of soluble pigments were determined by comparison with chips from the ISCCNBS colour charts (Kelly, 1964
). The detailed results are shown in Table 1
.
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9c (9·04 %).
Extraction of genomic DNA and amplification of the 16S rRNA gene were done as described by Cui et al. (2001)
. Phylogenetic analysis was performed using the software packages PHYLIP (Felsenstein, 1993
) and MEGA (Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis) version 2.1 (Kumar et al., 2001
) after multiple alignment of data by CLUSTAL_X (Thompson et al., 1997
). Distances (distance options according to the Kimura two-parameter model) (Kimura, 1980
, 1983
) and clustering were determined using the neighbour-joining method (Saitou & Nei, 1987
). Bootstrap analysis was used to evaluate the tree topology of the neighbour-joining data by performing 1000 resamplings (Felsenstein, 1985
).
The genomic DNA of strain YIM 90010T for the determination of G+C content was prepared according to the method of Marmur (1961)
. The G+C content was determined using the thermal denaturation method of Marmur & Doty (1962)
and produced a value of 73·1 mol%.
The almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence (1449 bp) of strain YIM 90010T was determined. Phylogenetic analyses based on a dataset consisting of 1430 unambiguous nucleotides between positions 53 and 1482 (Escherichia coli positions; Brosius et al., 1978
) showed that the novel isolate falls into a distinct clade with two other recognized Nocardiopsis species, Nocardiopsis kunsanensis (KCTC 9831T) and Nocardiopsis xinjiangensis (YIM 90004T). A phylogenetic tree based on the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strain YIM 90010T, the two aforementioned Nocardiopsis species and other related species is shown in Fig. 2
. The 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain YIM 90010T exhibited 97·6 % similarity with that of N. kunsanensis KCTC 9831T and 98·1 % with that of N. xinjiangensis YIM 90004T.
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Accordingly, comparative taxonomic studies were performed with strain YIM 90010T, N. kunsanensis KCTC 9831T and N. xinjiangensis YIM 90004T to determine whether strain YIM 90010T could be considered as a novel species of the genus Nocardiopsis or should be assigned to one of the two species.
Strain YIM 90010T differed greatly from the two species in terms of some of its physiological and biochemical characteristics and some chemotaxonomic data (Table 2
). DNADNA relatedness tests were performed with strain YIM 90010T, N. kunsanensis KCTC 9831T and N. xinjiangensis YIM 90004T, using the optical renaturation method (De Ley et al., 1970
; Huß et al., 1983
; Jahnke, 1992
). DNADNA reassociation similarity values between strain YIM 90010T and N. kunsanensis KCTC 9831T, and strain YIM 90010T and N. xinjiangensis YIM 90004T were 38·6 and 45·5 %, respectively, while the value for N. kunsanensis KCTC 9831T and N. xinjiangensis YIM 90004T was 22·4 % (repeated twice). DNADNA relatedness provided decisive evidence that the novel isolate, YIM 90010T, and the other two related type strains, N. kunsanensis KCTC 9831T and N. xinjiangensis YIM 90004T, are members of different genomic species (Wayne et al., 1987
).
Therefore, on the basis of the above-mentioned phenotypic and genotypic results, we consider that strain YIM 90010T represents a novel species of the genus Nocardiopsis, for which we propose the name Nocardiopsis salina sp. nov.
Description of Nocardiopsis salina sp. nov.
Nocardiopsis salina (sa.li'na. N.L. fem. adj. salina salty, saline).
Cells are aerobic, Gram-positive, non-acid-fast and non-motile. The colour of the aerial mycelium is white on most media tested and the substrate mycelium is pale yellow to light orangeyellow or yellowwhite. No diffusible pigments are produced. The vegetative hyphae are long, well-developed and fragmented. Long or short spore chains are borne on the aerial hyphae. Spores (dimensions 0·40·6x0·81·2 µm) are rod-shaped, smooth and non-motile. Cell walls contain meso-diaminopimelic acid and have no diagnostic sugars. Polar lipids are phosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylinositol. Major menaquinones are MK-10(H6), MK-10(H8) and MK-12. Major cellular fatty acids are i-C16 : 0 (37·80 %), C18 : 1
9c (9·04 %) and 10Me C18 : 0 (15·73 %). Ribose, sucrose, fructose, raffinose, sodium citrate and sodium acetate are utilized as carbon sources, while arabinose, glucose, cellobiose, galactose, inositol, mannitol, melibiose, rhamnose, trehalose, xylitol, xylose and maltose are not. Almost all nitrogen sources tested, such as asparagine, phenylalanine, serine, histidine, methionine, valine, threonine, arginine, adenine, hypoxanthine, glycine, proline and hydroxyproline, can be utilized. Negative in tests for milk coagulation, milk peptonization, starch hydrolysis, H2S production, urease activity and melanin production. Doubtful result for gelatin liquefaction; positive for nitrate reduction. Grows optimally at 28 °C and at pH 7·2 with 10 % (w/v) NaCl; the temperature, pH and NaCl tolerance range are 2040 °C, 6·09·0 and 320 % (w/v), respectively. The DNA G+C content is 73·1 mol%. Isolated from a saline soil sample in the west of China.
The type strain is YIM 90010T (=KCTC 19003T=CCTCC AA 204009T).
| ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
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