IJSEM Journal of Bacteriology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Supplementary Figures
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Cui, X.
Right arrow Articles by Jiang, C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Cui, X.
Right arrow Articles by Jiang, C.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Cui, X.
Right arrow Articles by Jiang, C.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54 (2004), 1287-1293; DOI  10.1099/ijs.0.03046-0
© 2004 International Union of Microbiological Societies

Myceligenerans xiligouense gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel hyphae-forming member of the family Promicromonosporaceae

Xiaolong Cui1, Peter Schumann2, Erko Stackebrandt2, Reiner M. Kroppenstedt2, Rüdiger Pukall2, Lihua Xu1, Manfred Rohde3 and Chenglin Jiang1

1 The Key Laboratory for Microbial Resources of Ministry of Education, Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, P. R. China
2 DSMZ – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Mascheroder Weg 1b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
3 GBF – Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung, Mascheroder Weg 1, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany

Correspondence
Erko Stackebrandt
erko{at}dsmz.de


   ABSTRACT
TOP
 ABSTRACT
MAIN TEXT
 REFERENCES
 
Strain XLG9A10.2T was isolated from an alkaline salt marsh soil in western China. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that strain XLG9A10.2T constitutes a distinct lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae, sharing 94·8–95·1 % gene similarity with members of the genus Promicromonospora and 94·4–95·7 % similarity with those of Xylanimonas and related genera. The general colony and cell morphology of strain XLG9A10.2T is similar to that of members of Promicromonospora, but differs from members of the genus Xylanimonas in forming a well-developed branching mycelium and production of coccoid spores. Strain XLG9A10.2T shows the peptidoglycan type A4{alpha} (L-lys<-L-thr<-D-Glu), contains glucose, mannose and galactose as whole cell sugars and has MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6) as major menaquinones, while phospholipids are phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. The DNA base composition is 71·9 mol% G+C. On the basis of morphological, chemotaxonomic, metabolic and phylogenetic differences from other species of Promicromonosporaceae, a new genus and species, Myceligenerans xiligouense gen. nov., sp. nov., is proposed. The type strain is XLG9A10.2T (=DSM 15700T=CGMCC 1.3458T.)

The GenBank accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain XLG9A10.2T is AY354285.

Additional images showing the morphology of M. xiligouense are available in IJSEM Online.


   MAIN TEXT
TOP
 ABSTRACT
 MAIN TEXT
REFERENCES
 
The family Promicromonosporaceae (Stackebrandt et al., 1997Go) currently contains the genera Promicromonospora (Krasilnikov et al., 1961Go), Xylanimonas (Rivas et al., 2003Go) and Xylanibacterium (Rivas et al., 2004Go). The genus Cellulosimicrobium (Schumann et al., 2001Go) branches adjacent to these genera but was never formally affiliated to the family (in contrast to the opinion of Rivas et al., 2003Go). Members of the latter three genera were isolated from different habitats but, if investigated, show the ability to degrade cellulose and xylan as common metabolic properties. In the course of studies on the microbial diversity of salt lakes (ethalassohaline environment) in China, strain XLG9A10.2T was isolated, representing a novel phylogenetic lineage in the family Promicromonosporaceae.

Strain XLG9A10.2T was isolated from a pasture near an alkaline salt marsh in the Qinghai province, western China. Isolation was done at 28 °C by dilution plating on Bacto marine agar, pH 7·2. Reference strains (see Table 2Go) were cultivated on BBL tryptic soy broth agar (TSBA, supplemented with 1·5 % agar; both from Difco) and Bacto marine broth agar (MBA; supplemented with 1·5 % agar).


View this table:
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		Table 2. Physiological characteristics of closely related members of the family Promicromonosporaceae

Strains: 1, Myceligenerans xiligouense XLG9A10.2T; 2, P. citrea DSM 43110T; 3, P. sukumoe DSM 44121T (Takahashi et al., 1987Go); 4, P. vindobonensis V45T (Busse et al., 2003Go); 5, P. aerolata V54AT (Busse et al., 2003Go); 6, Xylanimonas cellulosilytica XIL07T (Rivas et al., 2003Go), 7, P. pachnodae DSM 12657T (Cazemier et al., 2003Go); 8, Isoptericola variabilis DSM 10177T (Bakalidou et al., 2002Go; Stackebrandt et al., 2004Go) The following compounds were used by all strains in API 50 CHE: glycerol, L-arabinose, D-xylose, galactose, D-glucose, D-fructose, D-mannose, amygdalin, aesculin, cellobiose, maltose, lactose, sucrose, trehalose, {beta}-gentobiose and D-turanose. None of the strains utilized inulin, D-tagatose, D-fucose, L-arabitol, dulcitol, inositol, sorbitol or xylitol. In Biolog GP2, all strains utilized dextrin, L-arabinose, arbutin, D-cellobiose, D-fructose, gentiobiose, maltose, maltotriose, salicin, turanose, D-xylose, {alpha}-D-glucose, glycerol, adenosine and thymidine. No strains utilized {alpha}-cyclodextrin, inulin, m-inositol, lactamide, D-malic acid, D-lactic acid methyl ester, D-alanine, L-alanyl-glycine or putrescine. +, Phenol red indicator changed to yellow (positive); (+) indicator changed to orange (weak); –, negative.

 
For observation of colony and cell morphologies, strain XLG9A10.2T was grown on TSBA and MBA for 3–5 days at 28 °C. Cells were stained for Gram's test according to the procedure described by Doetsch (1981)Go. Morphology was observed and microphotographs were taken with a phase-contrast microscope (Zeiss Axiophot) equipped with a Plan-Neofluar objective (100/1·3, oil) and a Sony 3CCD camera.

Scanning electron microscopy was performed with cells grown for 7 days on TSBA. Cell preparation dehydration and staining procedures were carried out as described by Rheims et al. (1998)Go. Cells were examined with a Zeiss model DSM 982 SEM.

Isolate XLG9A10.2T stained Gram-positive and formed yellowish colonies (about 1–5 mm in diameter) on MBA medium (Supplementary Fig. A in IJSEM Online) and yellow colonies (about 1·5–5 mm in diameter) on TSBA medium (Supplementary Fig. B) after 7 days incubation at 28 °C. A well developed branching mycelium (about 0·4 µm in diameter) with abundant coccoid and non-motile spores (0·5 mm in diameter) was observed (Fig. 1Goa; also Supplementary Figs A and B). Scanning electron micrographs are shown in Fig. 1(b)Go and Supplementary Figs C and D. Comparison of the morphology revealed similarities between strain XLG9A10.2T and authentic Promicromonospora strains (see below) (Table 1Go), while differences were observed between XLG9A10.2T, Xylanimonas cellulosilytica, Isoptericola variabilis (Stackebrandt et al., 2004Go) and Promicromonospora pachnodae DSM 12657T. The presence of spores, which did not survive heat treatment at 80 °C for 5 min, was demonstrated by light- and electron microscopy (Fig. 1a and bGo, also Supplementary Figs A and D). These conditions were likewise not tolerated by spores and spore-like elements of strains of the distantly related Oerskovia enterophila (basonym Promicromonospora enterophila) (Jáger et al., 1983Go).



View larger version (116K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		Fig. 1. Micrographs of cells of strain XLG9A10.2T showing the well-developed mycelium with abundant coccoid spores (a) on MBA medium (7 days at 28 °C; bar, 4 µm) and (b) on TSBA medium (7 days at 28 °C; bar, 2 µm).

 

View this table:
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		Table 1. Characteristics that differentiate the genus Myceligenerans from members of other genera of the family Promicromonosporaceae

Data from Rivas et al. (2003)Go, Bakalidou et al. (2002)Go, Schumann et al. (2001)Go, Evtushenko et al. (1984)Go, Cazemier et al. (2003)Go and Kalakoutskii et al. (1989)Go. Gal, Galactose; Glu, glucose; Man, mannose; Rha, rhamnose. DPG, Diphosphatidylglycerol; GL, unknown phosphoglycolipid(s); PET, phosphatidylethanolamine; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PI, phosphatidylinositol; PIM, phosphatidylinositol mannosides; PL, unknown phospholipid(s). +, Positive; –, negative.

 
Physiological and biochemical tests were done using API 50 CHE strips (bioMérieux) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Additionally, BioLog GP2 MicroPlates and the MicroLog computer software (BioLog identification system) were used. The optimum growth temperature (4–50 °C), pH (4–13) and salt tolerance at 2–17·5 % (w/v, NaCl) were investigated using MBA. For determination of the pH range, MBA was adjusted to different pH values using HCl or NaOH.

The results of physiological tests of strain XLG9A10.2T are given in the species description. In contrast to members of Promicromonospora and Xylanimonas, strain XLG9A10.2T utilized sedoheptulosan, stachyose, 2,3-butanediol, glucose 1-phosphate, glucose 6-phosphate and DL-{alpha}-glycerol phosphate (compared with Promicromonospora citrea, Promicromonospora sukumoe, P. pachnodae and Isoptericola variabilis), but not D-arabinose, methyl {beta}-xyloside, methyl {alpha}-D-mannoside, D-lyxose (compared with P. citrea and P. sukumoe) and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, N-acetyl-D-mannosamine, adenosine 5'-monophosphate and thymidine 5'-monophosphate (compared with P. pachnodae and I. variabilis; Table 2Go).

For chemotaxonomic analyses, the organisms were grown in BBL tryptic soy broth in flasks on a rotary shaker at 90 r.p.m. and 28 °C. The biomass was harvested by centrifugation, washed twice with distilled water and freeze-dried. Sugar analysis of purified cell walls was performed as described by Stanek & Roberts (1974)Go. Purified cell wall preparations were obtained by the method of Schleifer & Kandler (1972)Go. Peptidoglycan structure was elucidated by analysis of cell wall hydrolysates employing the following methods: qualitative analysis of amino acids and peptides by two-dimensional TLC on cellulose plates using solvent systems described previously (Schleifer & Kandler, 1972Go), quantitative amino acid analysis by GC and GC/MS (MacKenzie, 1987Go; Groth et al., 1996Go) and dinitrophenylation of N-terminal amino acids of the interpeptide bridge (Schleifer, 1985Go). Polar lipids extracted by the method of Minnikin et al. (1979)Go were identified by two-dimensional TLC and spraying with specific reagents (Collins & Jones, 1980Go). Menaquinones were analysed by HPLC as described previously (Groth et al., 1996Go). Fatty acid methyl esters were extracted and prepared by the standard protocol of the Microbial Identification System (MIDI; Microbial ID). Extracts were analysed using a Hewlett Packard model HP6890A gas chromatograph equipped with a flame-ionization detector as described previously (Kämpfer & Kroppenstedt, 1996Go).

The peptidoglycan of strain XLG9A10.2T contained the amino acids Lys, Thr, Ala and Glu and belonged to the type A4{alpha}: L-lys<-L-thr<-D-Glu [variation A11.57, according to DSMZ (2001)Go], which has hitherto not been found in strains of Promicromononsporaceae.

The polar lipids were identified as phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylinositol, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid.

Determination of the base composition of DNA by reverse-phase HPLC of nucleosides (Mesbah et al., 1989Go) followed cell disruption by French pressure cell and purification of DNA by chromatography on hydroxyapatite as described by Cashion et al. (1977)Go. The DNA base composition was 71·9 mol% G+C.

For sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene, extraction of genomic DNA, PCR-mediated amplification of 16S rDNA and purification of PCR products were done as described previously (Rainey et al., 1996Go). Electrophoresis of sequencing reaction products was done using a Beckman CEQ 2000 sequencer according to the manufacturer's protocols. The resulting 16S rDNA sequence was compared to sequences from the GenBank database. CLUSTAL X (Thompson et al., 1997Go) was used to align the XLG9A10.2T sequence to those of representatives of each family in the suborder Micrococcineae and all members of the family Promicromonosporaceae. The resulting 16S rDNA sequence alignment was then manually checked using BioEdit 5.0.9 (Hall, 1999Go), taking the secondary structure into account. A phylogenetic tree (Fig. 2Go) was inferred using the neighbour-joining method (Saitou & Nei, 1987Go), using a distance matrix corrected by Kimura's 2-parameter method (Kimura, 1980Go). Bootstrap analysis was based on 1000 resamplings.



View larger version (29K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		Fig. 2. Neighbour-joining tree based on almost complete 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the phylogenetic position of strain XLG9A10.2T among members of the family Promicromonosporaceae, order Actinomycetales, class Actinobacteria (Stackebrandt et al., 1997Go). The branching point at the left refers to outgroup sequences (Cellulomonas, Oerskovia). Numbers at nodes indicate levels of bootstrap support based on neighbour-joining analyses of 1000 resampled datasets; only values over 40 % are given. The scale bar indicates one substitution per 100 nucleotide positions.

 
Comparison of the almost complete 16S rDNA sequences of strain XLG9A10.2T with homologous sequences of members of the family Promicromonosporaceae and representatives of the other families of the suborder Micrococcineae demonstrated that strain XLG9A10.2T was closely related to members of the genera Promicromonospora (94·8–95·1 %), Xylanimonas (Rivas et al., 2003Go), Xylanibacterium (Rivas et al., 2004Go) and Isoptericola (Stackebrandt et al., 2004Go) (94·4–95·7 %) and formed a distinct phylogenetic lineage within the family Promicromonosporaceae. The 16S rDNA sequence of strain XLG9A10.2T contained the majority of signature nucleotides of the family Promicromonosporaceae (Stackebrandt & Schumann, 2000Go). At the time of the description of these signatures, only two species of Promicromonospora constituted the family. Today, the number of type strains has increased to eight, making it necessary to adjust the set of signatures for the family by deleting positions (69 and 99), (589 and 650), (610), (615 and 625), (616 and 624), (660 and 745) and (839 and 847) from the compilation of positions given by Stackebrandt & Schumann (2000)Go. It should be noted in the context of this communication that the species P. pachnodae was recently described (Cazemier et al., 2003Go) in parallel to the descriptions of Xylanimonas cellulosilytica and I. variabilis. The ecological, morphological, phylogenetic and metabolic properties of P. pachnodae demand the reclassification of this species, for which the name Xylanimicrobium pachnodae gen. nov., comb nov. has been proposed (Stackebrandt & Schumann, 2004Go).

On the basis of differentiating phenotypic and genotypic evidence we propose a new genus Myceligenerans gen. nov., with the type species Myceligenerans xiligouense sp. nov., of which the type strain is XLG9A10.2T.

Description of Myceligenerans gen. nov.
Myceligenerans (My.ce.li.ge'ne.rans. N.L. neut. n. mycelium filamentous cells; L. part. adj. generans producing; N.L. subst. Myceligenerans hyphae-forming microbe).

Gram-positive, mycelium-and spore-forming organism. Substrate mycelia are well developed and branched in and on the medium. Aerial mycelium absent. The surface of substrate mycelium bears fragmented cells and spore chains with one or two spores at the tips of the mycelium. Spores are coccoid and non-motile. Peptidoglycan type is A4{alpha}, variation L-lys<-L-thr<-D-Glu. Cell wall sugars are glucose, mannose and galactose. Major menaquinones are MK-9(H4) and MK-9(H6); predominant fatty acids are ai-C15 : 0, i-C15 : 0; cells contain phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol, phospatidylinositol, three unidentified phospholipids and one unidentified glycolipid. The G+C content is 72 mol%. The type species is Myceligenerans xiligouense.

Description of Myceligenerans xiligouense sp. nov.
Myceligenerans xiligouense (xi.li.gou.en'se. N.L. neut. adj. xiligouense pertaining to Xiligou, a location in China where the type strain was isolated).

Displays the following properties in addition to those in the genus description. Colonies are yellowish (about 1–5 mm in diameter) on MBA medium and yellow (about 1·5–5 mm in diameter) on TSBA medium after 7 days incubation at 28 °C. Aerobic, though carbohydrates are fermented under microaerophilic conditions as determined by API 50CHE. Grows at between 4 and 50 °C, with optimal growth between 20 and 30 °C; between pH 4 and 13 with optimal growth between pH 7 and 9; and at salt concentrations between 2 and 17·5 % (NaCl, w/v), with optimum growth between 2 and 7 %. Physiological properties are indicated in Table 2Go. Chemotaxonomic characteristics are as described for the genus. DNA base composition is 71·9 mol% G+C. The type strain, XLG9A10.2T (=DSM 15700T=CGMCC 1.3458T) was isolated from a pasture near an alkaline salt marsh, Qinghai Province, western China.


   ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 
This work was supported by the DSMZ, a scholarship (2002/2003) from the Yunnan Provincial Department of Education and a grant (30260004) from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC). We are grateful to Mrs I. Kramer, A. Frühling, A. Vester, G. Pötter, C. Wahrenburg and M. Jando for their skilful technical assistance and to J. Euzéby for recommending the proper etymology.


   REFERENCES
TOP
 ABSTRACT
 MAIN TEXT
 REFERENCES
 
Bakalidou, A., Kämpfer, P., Berchtold, M., Kuhnigk, T., Wenzel, M. & König, H. (2002). Cellulosimicrobium varibile sp. nov., a cellulolytic bacterium from the hindgut of the termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 1185–1192.[Abstract]

Busse, H. J., Zlamala, C., Buczolits, S., Lubitz, W., Kämpfer, P. & Takeuchi, M. (2003). Promicromonospora vindobonensis sp. nov. and Promicromonospora aerolata sp. nov., two novel species isolated from the air of the medieval ‘Virgilkapelle’ in Vienna. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 1503–1507.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Cashion, P., Holder-Franklin, M. A., McCully, J. & Franklin, M. (1977). A rapid method for the base ratio determination of bacterial DNA. Anal Biochem 81, 461–466.[CrossRef][Medline]

Cazemier, A. E., Verdoes, J. C., Reubsaet, F. A. G., Hackstein, J. H. P., van der Drift, C. & Op den Camp, H. J. M. (2003). Promicromonospora pachnodae sp. nov., a member of the (hemi)cellulolytic hindgut flora of larvae of the scarab beetle Pachnoda marginata. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 83, 135–148.[CrossRef][Medline]

Collins, M. D. & Jones, D. (1980). Lipids in the classification and identification of coryneform bacteria containing peptidoglycans based on 2,4-diaminobutyric acid. J Appl Bacteriol 48, 459–470.

Doetsch, R. N. (1981). Determinative methods of light microscopy. In Manual of Methods for General Bacteriology, pp. 21–33. Edited by P. Gerhard, R. G. E. Murray, R. N. Costilow, E. W. Nester, W. A. Wood, N. R. Krieg & G. B. Phillips. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.

DSMZ (2001). Catalogue of Strains, 7th edn. Braunschweig, Germany: DSMZ.

Evtushenko, L. I., Levanova, G. F. & Agre, N. S. (1984). Nucleotide composition of DNA and amino acid composition of A4 peptidoglycan in Promicromonospora citrea. Mikrobiologiya 53, 519–520.

Groth, I., Schumann, P., Weiss, N., Martin, K. & Rainey, F. A. (1996). Agrococcus jenensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a new genus of actinomycetes with diaminobutyric acid in the cell wall. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46, 234–239.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Hall, T. A. (1999). BioEdit: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/NT. Nucleic Acids Symp Ser 41, 95–98.

Jáger, K., Márialigeti, K., Hauck, M. & Barabás, G. (1983). Promicromonospora enterophila sp. nov., a new species of monospore actinomycetes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 33, 525–531.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Kalakoutskii, L. V., Agre, N. S., Prauser, H. & Evtushenko, L. I. (1989). Genus Promicromonospora. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 4, pp. 2392–2395. Edited by S. T. Williams. M. E. Sharpe & J. G. Holt. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

Kämpfer, P. & Kroppenstedt, R. M. (1996). Numerical analysis of fatty acid patterns of coryneform bacteria and related taxa. Can J Microbiol 42, 989–1005.

Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16, 111–120.[CrossRef][Medline]

Krasilnikov, N. A., Kalakoutskii, L. V. & Kirillova, N. F. (1961). A new genus of Actinomycetales, Promicromonospora, gen. nov. Bull Acad Sci USSR Ser Biol 1, 107–112.

MacKenzie, S. L. (1987). Gas chromatographic analysis of amino acids as the N-heptafluorobutyryl isobutyl esters. J Assoc Off Anal Chem 70, 151–160.[Medline]

Mesbah, M., Premachandran, U. & Whitman, W. B. (1989). Precise measurement of the G+C content of deoxyribonucleic acid by high-performance liquid chromatography. Int J Syst Bacteriol 39, 159–167.

Minnikin, D. E., Collins, M. D. & Goodfellow, M. (1979). Fatty acid and polar lipid composition in the classification of Cellulomonas, Oerskovia and related taxa. J Appl Bacteriol 47, 87–95.

Rainey, F. A., Ward-Rainey, N., Kroppenstedt, R. M. & Stackebrandt, E. (1996). The genus Nocardiopsis represents a phylogenetically coherent taxon and a distinct actinomycete lineage: proposal of Nocardiopsaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46, 1088–1092.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Rheims, H., Schumann, P., Rohde, M. & Stackebrandt, E. (1998). Verrucosispora gifhornensis gen. nov. sp. nov, a new member of the actinobacterial family Micromonosporaceae. Int J Syst Bacteriol 48, 1119–1127.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Rivas, R., Sánchez, M., Trujillo, M. E., Zurdo-Piñeiro, J. L., Mateos, P. F., Martínez-Molina, E. & Velázquez, E. (2003). Xylanimonas cellulosilytica gen. nov., sp. nov., a xylanolytic bacterium isolated from a decayed tree (Ulmus nigra). Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53, 99–103.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Rivas, R., Trujillo, M. E., Schumann, P., Kroppenstedt, R. M., Sánchez, M., Mateos, P. F., Mártinez-Molina, E. & Velázquez, E. (2004). Xylanibacterium ulmi gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel xylanolytic member of the family Promicromonosporaceae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 557–561.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Saitou, N. & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406–425.[Abstract]

Schleifer, K. H. (1985). Analysis of the chemical composition and primary structure of murein. Methods Microbiol 18, 123–156.

Schleifer, K. H. & Kandler, O. (1972). Peptidoglycan types of bacterial cell walls and their taxonomic implications. Bacteriol Rev 36, 407–477.[Free Full Text]

Schumann, P., Weiss, N. & Stackebrandt, E. (2001). Reclassification of Cellulomonas cellulans (Stackebrandt and Keddie 1986) as Cellulosimicrobium cellulans gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 1007–1010.[Abstract]

Stackebrandt, E. & Schumann, P. (2000). Description of Bogoriellaceae fam. nov., Dermacoccaceae fam. nov., Rarobacteraceae fam. nov. and Sanguibacteraceae fam. nov. and emendation of some families of the suborder Micrococcineae. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 1279–1285.[Abstract]

Stackebrandt, E. & Schumann, P. (2004). Reclassification of Promicromonospora pachnodae Cazemier et al. 2004Go as Xylanimicrobium pachnodae gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol (in press).

Stackebrandt, E., Rainey, F. A. & Ward-Rainey, N. L. (1997). Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 479–491.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Stackebrandt, E., Schumann, P. & Cui, X.-L. (2004). Reclassification of Cellulosimicrobium variabile Bakalidou et al. 2002Go as Isoptericola variabilis gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 54, 685–688.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Stanek, J. L. & Roberts, G. D. (1974). Simplified approach to identification of aerobic actinomycetes by thin layer chromatography. Appl Microbiol 28, 226–231.[Medline]

Takahashi, Y., Tanaka, Y., Iwai, Y. & Omura, S. (1987). Promicromonospora sukumoe sp. nov., a new species of the Actinomycetales. J Gen Appl Microbiol 33, 507–519.[CrossRef]

Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G. (1997). The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 24, 4876–4882.




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
Y.-G. Chen, X.-L. Cui, R. M. Kroppenstedt, E. Stackebrandt, M.-L. Wen, L.-H. Xu, and C.-L. Jiang
Nocardiopsis quinghaiensis sp. nov., isolated from saline soil in China
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2008; 58(3): 699 - 705.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
I. Groth, P. Schumann, B. Schutze, J. M. Gonzalez, L. Laiz, M.-L. Suihko, and E. Stackebrandt
Myceligenerans crystallogenes sp. nov., isolated from Roman catacombs
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, January 1, 2006; 56(1): 283 - 287.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
I. Groth, P. Schumann, B. Schutze, J. M. Gonzalez, L. Laiz, C. Saiz-Jimenez, and E. Stackebrandt
Isoptericola hypogeus sp. nov., isolated from the Roman catacomb of Domitilla
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2005; 55(4): 1715 - 1719.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Supplementary Figures
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Cui, X.
Right arrow Articles by Jiang, C.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Cui, X.
Right arrow Articles by Jiang, C.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Cui, X.
Right arrow Articles by Jiang, C.

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL MICROBIOLOGY J GEN VIROL
J MED MICROBIOL ALL SGM JOURNALS