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Proposal of Nakamurella gen. nov. as a substitute for the bacterial genus Microsphaera Yoshimi et al. 1996 and Nakamurellaceae fam. nov. as a substitute for the illegitimate bacterial family Microsphaeraceae Rainey et al. 1997

¹ College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei Province, China
² College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100094, China

Correspondence
Tian-shen Tao
wenfengc{at}cau.edu.cn

	ABSTRACT

TOP ABSTRACT MAIN TEXT Description of Nakamurellaceae... Description of Nakamurella gen.... Description of Nakamurella... REFERENCES

 
The bacterial genus Microsphaera Yoshimi et al. 1996 is illegitimate because of priority of the fungal genus Microsphaera (Wallr.) Lév. [Principle 2, Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code]. Therefore, a new genus name, Nakamurella, is proposed for the bacterial genus. The type species Microsphaera multipartita Yoshimi et al. 1996 becomes Nakamurella multipartita gen. nov., comb. nov. Due to the illegitimacy of the only genus in the family Microsphaeraceae Rainey et al. 1997, this family name is replaced by the new bacterial family name Nakamurellaceae.

	MAIN TEXT

TOP ABSTRACT MAIN TEXT Description of Nakamurellaceae... Description of Nakamurella gen.... Description of Nakamurella... REFERENCES

 
Léveillé (1851) renamed the fungus Alphitomorpha divaricata Wallr. as Microsphaera divaricata (Wallr.) Lév. [Ann Sci Nat Bot Ser 3 15 (1851), 155 & 381; cf. Saccardo, 1972; Kirk et al., 2001]. M. divaricata is a pathogenic fungus which causes powdery mildew on the plant Frangula alnus. The genus Microsphaera belongs to the family Erysiphaceae and contains dozens of species. Until recently new species were described within this genus (Kirk et al., 2001).

Yoshimi et al. (1996) described a novel Gram-positive bacterial genus, Microsphaera, and species, Microsphaera multipartita, of coccoid morphology, isolated from activated sludge and able to accumulate polysaccharides. When Stackebrandt et al. (1997) rearranged the bacterial class Actinobacteria, they classified the genus Microsphaera in the new family Microsphaeraceae Rainey et al. 1997, suborder Frankineae, order Actinomycetales, subclass Actinobacteridae, class Actinobacteria.

Referring to Principle 1(2) of the International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 revision), the use of names which may cause error or confusion should be avoided (Lapage et al., 1992). Furthermore, according to Principle 2 and Rule 51b(4) of the Bacteriological Code the nomenclature of bacteria is not independent of the nomenclature of fungi, algae and protozoa, so the rules of priority are applicable here, too. Therefore, the bacterial genus name Microsphaera Yoshimi et al. 1996 is illegitimate and must be replaced.

We propose to replace the bacterial genus name Microsphaera by Nakamurella, and to transfer the only species of the bacterial genus Microsphaera to Nakamurella as Nakamurella multipartita. For the same reasons, the illegitimate family name Microsphaeraceae is replaced by Nakamurellaceae.

	Description of Nakamurellaceae fam. nov.

TOP ABSTRACT MAIN TEXT Description of Nakamurellaceae... Description of Nakamurella gen.... Description of Nakamurella... REFERENCES

 
Nakamurellaceae (Na.ka.mu.rel.la'ce.ae. N.L. fem. n. Nakamurella type genus of the family; -aceae ending to denote a family; N.L. fem. pl. n. Nakamurellaceae the Nakamurella family).

Family description is as given for Microsphaeraceae Rainey et al. 1997 in Stackebrandt et al. (1997).

Type genus is Nakamurella.

	Description of Nakamurella gen. nov.

TOP ABSTRACT MAIN TEXT Description of Nakamurellaceae... Description of Nakamurella gen.... Description of Nakamurella... REFERENCES

 
Nakamurella (Na.ka.mu.rel'la. M.L. dimin. ending -ella; N.L. fem. n. Nakamurella to honour the Japanese microbiologist Professor Kazonuri Nakamura).

Genus description is as given for Microsphaera Yoshimi et al. 1996.

Type species is Nakamurella multipartita.

	Description of Nakamurella multipartita gen. nov., comb. nov.

TOP ABSTRACT MAIN TEXT Description of Nakamurellaceae... Description of Nakamurella gen.... Description of Nakamurella... REFERENCES

 
Nakamurella multipartita (mul.ti.par.ti'ta. M.L. multus many; M.L. v. partitre divide; M.L. fem. part. pass. multipartita micro-organisms having many divisions inside the cell).

Species description is as given for Microsphaera multipartita Yoshimi et al. 1996.

Type strain is Y-104^T (=ATCC 700099^T=CIP 104796^T=DSM 44233^T=JCM 9543^T).

	ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS

 
The authors are grateful to Professor Dr Hans G. Trüper for critical reading of the manuscript and for giving valuable suggestions with regard to this article.

	REFERENCES

TOP ABSTRACT MAIN TEXT Description of Nakamurellaceae... Description of Nakamurella gen.... Description of Nakamurella... REFERENCES

 
Kirk, P. M., Cannon, P. F., David, J. C. & Stalpers, J. A. (editors) (2001). Ainsworth and Bisby's Dictionary of the Fungi, 9th edn. Wallingford, UK: CAB International.

Lapage, S. P., Sneath, P. H. A., Lessel, E. F., Skerman, V. B. D., Seeliger, H. P. R. & Clark, W. A. (editors) (1992). International Code of Nomenclature of Bacteria (1990 Revision). Bacteriological Code. Washington, DC: American Society for Microbiology.

Léveillé, J. H. (1851). Organisation et disposition méthodique des especes qui composent le genre Erysiphé. Ann Sci Nat Bot Ser 3 15, 109–179.

Saccardo, P. A. (1972). Sylloge Fungorum: volume 26 (Index of fungi, Index of Fungi).

Stackebrandt, E., Rainey, F. A. & Ward-Rainey, N. L. (1997). Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 479–491.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Yoshimi, Y., Hiraishi, A. & Nakamura, K. (1996). Isolation and characterization of Microsphaera multipartita gen. nov., sp. nov., a polysaccharide-accumulating Gram-positive bacterium from activated sludge. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46, 519–525.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

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