| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
|||||||||
1 State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resource, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100080, People's Republic of China
2 Department of Agricultural and Environmental Science, University of Newcastle, Newcastle-upon-Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Correspondence
Zhiheng Liu
zhliu{at}sun.im.ac.cn
 |
ABSTRACT |
|---|
 TOP ABSTRACT MAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
Present address: College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, People's Republic of China. 
|
MAIN TEXT |
|---|
|
TOPABSTRACTMAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
). The genus belongs to the mycolic-acid-containing group of actinomycetes, i.e. the suborder Corynebacterineae Stackebrandt et al. 1997, which encompasses the genera Corynebacterium, Dietzia, Gordonia, Mycobacterium, Nocardia, Rhodococcus, Skermania, Tsukamurella and Williamsia, and the genus Turicella, which lacks mycolic acids (Goodfellow et al., 1998, 1999). Members of these taxa form a distinct phyletic line in the 16S rDNA tree and can be distinguished from one another using a combination of biochemical, chemical and morphological features (Goodfellow et al., 1999). The revised genus Nocardia encompasses 27 species with validly published names at the time of writing; the taxonomic integrity of most of the latter is underpinned by a plethora of genotypic and phenotypic data (Goodfellow et al., 1999; Maldonado et al., 2000; Gürtler et al., 2001; Hamid et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2001; Yassin et al., 2001).
Much of the emphasis in nocardial systematics has focussed on the causal agents of actinomycetoma and nocardiosis (Goodfellow, 1992, 1998; McNeil & Brown, 1994), though it is evident that nocardiae are common in natural habitats, notably soil (Orchard et al., 1977; Orchard, 1979, 1981; Maldonado et al., 2000). It is also becoming increasingly clear that nocardial species diversity is underestimated in both clinical and non-clinical settings (Gürtler et al., 2001; Hamid et al., 2001; Wang et al., 2001; Yassin et al., 2001; Albuquerque de Barros et al., 2003). It is important to unravel the species richness of nocardiae, especially to determine the roles that members of particular species play in the flow of nutrients and energy in natural habitats.
The aim of the present study was to determine the taxonomic position of a Nocardia-like strain, isolated from soil, using a polyphasic approach. The resultant data show that strain F829T should be recognized as a novel species of Nocardia. The name Nocardia caishijiensis sp. nov. is proposed for this organism.
Strain F829T was isolated on a Bennett's agar plate [1 % (w/v) D-glucose, 0·1 % (w/v) yeast extract, 0·1 % (w/v) beef extract, 0·2 % (w/v) casein enzymic hydrolysate (Sigma), 1·5 % (w/v) agar] that had been incubated at 28 °C for 7 days following inoculation with a suspension of a soil sample collected from Caishiji in Anhui Province, China. The isolate and the marker cultures used in the DNA–DNA relatedness and phenotypic characterization studies were maintained on modified Sauton's agar slants (Mordarska et al., 1972) at 4 °C and as glycerol suspensions (20 %, v/v) at -20 °C.
The colonial properties of isolate F829T were recorded from modified Sauton's and Bennett's agar plates that had been incubated for up to 7 days at 28 °C. The micromorphological properties of the isolate were recorded using samples taken from the modified Sauton's agar plate by light and scanning electron microscopy; in the latter case gold-coated dehydrated preparations from a 7 day culture were examined using a Hitachi S-570 scanning electron microscope. Gram (Hucker's modification; Society for American Bacteriologists, 1957) and Ziehl–Neelsen (Gordon, 1967) preparations were also observed by light microscopy.
The test strain was examined for a range of phenotypic properties using standard procedures (Goodfellow, 1971; Williams et al., 1983). In addition, acid production from carbohydrates was carried out using media and methods described by Gordon et al. (1974) and the utilization of sole carbon and sole carbon/nitrogen sources was investigated after Gordon & Mihm (1957) and Tsukamura (1966). Resistance to lysozyme was determined by the method of Gordon et al. (1974). Tolerance of pH, temperature and sodium chloride regimes were determined on modified Sauton's agar plates incubated for up to 14 days. Resistance to antibiotics was examined using chloramphenicol (30 µg), erythromycin (15 µg), gentamicin sulfate (10 µg), midecamycin (15 µg), minocycline hydrochloride (30 µg), penicillin G (10 U), rifampicin (5 µg), streptomycin sulfate (10 µg), tobramycin sulfate (10 µg) and vancomycin (30 µg) disks (Goodfellow & Orchard, 1974) with glucose-yeast extract agar (Gordon & Mihm, 1962) as the basal medium; the results were recorded following incubation at 28 °C for up to 14 days.
Biomass for most of the chemotaxonomic studies was prepared following growth of the isolate and marker strains in shake flasks of modified Sauton's broth for 5 days at 28 °C; after checking for purity, the biomass was harvested by centrifugation, washed twice in distilled water and freeze-dried. Established TLC procedures were used to determine the diagnostic isomers of diaminopimelic acid (Lechevalier & Lechevalier, 1980), whole-organism sugars (Lechevalier & Lechevalier, 1980) and polar lipids (Minnikin et al., 1984). The acid methanolysis procedure was used to detect mycolic acids (Minnikin et al., 1975). The predominant isoprenoid quinones were extracted and purified by the method of Collins et al. (1977, 1987); purified menaquinones were determined by reversed-phase HPLC (Wu et al., 1989). Biomass for the quantitative fatty acid analysis was prepared by scraping growth from TSB agar plates [trypticase soy broth (BBL), 3 % (w/v); Bacto agar (Difco), 1·5 % (w/v)] that had been incubated for 4 days at 28 °C. The fatty acids were extracted, methylated and analysed using the standard MIDI (Microbial Identification) system (Sasser, 1990; Kämpfer & Kroppenstedt, 1996).
Chromosomal DNA was extracted from biomass of strain F829T grown in modified Sauton's broth for 3 days at 28 °C and purified following the methods of Saito & Miura (1963) and Whipple et al. (1987). The G+C content of the DNA was determined using the thermal denaturation method (Marmur & Doty, 1962) with Escherichia coli AS 1.365 as control. DNA–DNA relatedness values between strain F829T and Nocardia asteroides ATCC 19247T were determined spectrophotometrically from renaturation rates using established procedures (De Ley et al., 1970; Huß et al., 1983) and software (Jahnke, 1992).
Genomic DNA extraction, PCR amplification of 16S rDNA and purification of the PCR product from strain F829T were carried out using procedures described by Rainey et al. (1996). The purified PCR product was sequenced directly using a Taq DyeDeoxy Terminator cycle sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems) and universal primers as described previously (Lu et al., 2001). Sequence gel electrophoresis was carried out and nucleotide sequences were obtained automatically using an Applied Biosystems DNA sequencer (model 377) and software provided by the manufacturer.
The 16S rDNA sequence of strain F829T was aligned manually with corresponding nucleotide sequences of representatives of the suborder Corynebacterineae, including the type strains of Nocardia species, retrieved from the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases using the program CLUSTAL X 1.8 (Thompson et al., 1997). Evolutionary trees were inferred using the least-squares (Fitch & Margoliash, 1967), maximum-likelihood (Felsenstein, 1981) and neighbour-joining (Saitou & Nei, 1987) treeing algorithms from the PHYLIP package (Felsenstein, 1993). Evolutionary distance matrices were generated according to the method of Kimura (1980). The resultant unrooted tree topologies were evaluated by bootstrap analyses (Felsenstein, 1985) of the neighbour-joining method based on 1000 resamplings using the SEQBOOT and CONSENSE options from the PHYLIP suite of programs.
When the almost complete 16S rDNA sequence (1426 nt) obtained for strain F829T was compared with corresponding sequences from representatives of genera in the suborder Corynebacterineae, it was found to contain signature nucleotides that are characteristic for members of the family Nocardiaceae (Stackebrandt et al., 1997) and the genus Nocardia (Chun & Goodfellow, 1995). The high 16S rDNA gene sequence similarities found between the tested strain and representatives of the genus Nocardia (94·8–97·6 %) also support its assignment to this taxon.
Strain F829T showed a range of phenotypic properties typical of members of the genus Nocardia (Goodfellow, 1998; Goodfellow et al., 1999). The organism is an aerobic, Gram-positive, slightly acid–alcohol-fast actinomycete which forms an extensively branched substrate mycelium that fragments into non-motile, rod-shaped elements on modified Sauton's agar. Whole-organism hydrolysates of the organism were rich in meso-diaminopimelic acid, arabinose and galactose (wall chemotype IV sensu Lechevalier & Lechevalier, 1970) and diphosphatidyl glycerol, phosphatidyl ethanolamine, phosphatidyl inositol and phosphatidyl inositol mannosides (phospholipid type II sensu Lechevalier et al., 1977). The isolate also contained predominantly hexahydrogenated menaquinones with eight isoprene units, the end two being cyclized; this menaquinone is restricted to members of the genera Nocardia and Skermania (Chun et al., 1997; Goodfellow et al., 1999). One-dimensional TLC of whole-organism acid methanolysates revealed the presence of two lipid spots, the lower one corresponded to mycolic acids, as identified by its relative front value (0·47), and the higher one to non-hydroxylated fatty acids. The fatty acid profile contained mainly straight chain saturated, unsaturated and 10-methyl-branched fatty acids. The predominant components, as a proportion of the total fatty acid composition, were: C15 : 0, 1·2 %; C16 : 0, 21·8 %; C17 : 0, 5·9 %; C18 : 0, 31·7 %; cis9-C16 : 1, 10·7 %; cis9-C17 : 1, 1·3 %; cis9-C18 : 1, 16·1 %; cis11,14-C20 : 2, 2·4 %; and 10-methyl-C18 : 0, 7·8 %. In addition, the DNA of strain F829T was rich in guanine and cytosine (G+C content 69·4 mol%).
The position of strain F829T in the unrooted 16S rDNA tree based on three tree-making algorithms is shown in Fig. 1. Strain F829T is most closely related to the type strain of N. asteroides. The two strains share 97·6 % 16S rDNA sequence similarity, which corresponds to 34 nt differences over 1400 positions. However, it is evident from the 16S rDNA tree that the isolate and the type strain of N. asteroides are in different subclades; these organisms also show a relatively low level of DNA–DNA relatedness, 32 %, a value well below the 70 % cut-off point recommended for assignment of bacterial strains to the same genomic species (Wayne et al., 1987). Strain F829T can be distinguished from the type strains of all validly described species of Nocardia, including N. asteroides ATCC 19247T, using a combination of phenotypic properties (Table 1).
|
|
Description of Nocardia caishijiensis sp. nov.
Nocardia caishijiensis (cai.shi.ji.en'sis. N.L. adj. caishijiensis referring to Caishiji, the source of the soil from which the type strain was isolated).
Aerobic, Gram-positive, slightly acid–alcohol-fast, non-motile actinomycete that forms an extensively branched substrate mycelium that fragments in situ into rod-shaped elements. An orange to brown substrate mycelium carries sparse to abundant, white to pinkish aerial hyphae on modified Sauton's agar. A brown substrate mycelium bears white to greyish aerial hyphae on Bennett's agar. Colony elevation is convex to irregular and colony margins are filamentous. Diffusible pigments are not formed. The organism is catalase-positive and reduces nitrate, but is oxidase-negative. Aesculin and urea are hydrolysed, but not arbutin. Tweens 20 and 80 are degraded, but not adenine, casein, elastin, guanine, hypoxanthine, starch, Tween 60, tyrosine or xanthine. Acid is formed from D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, glycerol, D-mannose, D-ribose, D-trehalose and D-xylose, but not from arbutin, D-cellobiose, myo-inositol, inulin, D-maltose, D-melezitose, D-melibiose, D-raffinose, 
-L-rhamnose, starch, D-sucrose or D-turanose. Arbutin, D-cellobiose, D-fructose, D-galactose, D-glucose, glycerol, inulin, D-maltose, D-mannose, D-melezitose, D-melibiose, methyl -D-glucoside, D-raffinose, -L-rhamnose, D-ribose, starch (weak), D-sucrose, D-trehalose, D-turanose, D-xylose, acetate, fumarate (weak), lactic acid, propionate, pyruvate and succinate (weak) are utilized as sole carbon and energy sources, but not adonitol, L-arabinose, arabitol, dulcitol, meso-erythritol, ethanol, D-fucose, glycogen, myo-inositol, lactose, D-mannitol, paraffin, salicin, D-sorbitol, xylitol, adipic acid, benzoate, citrate, formate, hippurate, malate, malonate, sebacic acid, oxalate or tartrate. L-Alanine, L-aspartate (weak), D-glucosamine, L-proline and L-serine are used as sole carbon and nitrogen sources, but not acetamide, L-asparagine, gelatin, L-leucine, phenylalanine or L-valine. Grows between 17 and 37 °C, from pH 5·2 to 10·0 and in the presence of sodium chloride at 5 %, but not at 6 or 7 % (w/v). Resistant to lysozyme, gentamicin sulfate, penicillin G and streptomycin sulfate, but sensitive to chloramphenicol, erythromycin, midecamycin, minocycline hydrochloride, rifampicin, tobramycin sulfate and vancomycin. The major cellular fatty acids are C16 : 0 (21·8 %), C18 : 0 (31·7 %), cis9-C16 : 1 (10·7 %), cis9-C18 : 1 (16·1 %) and 10-methyl-C18 : 0 (7·8 %). The G+C content of the DNA is 69·4 mol%.
The type strain, F829T (=AS 4.1728T =JCM 11508T), was isolated from a soil sample collected in Caishiji, Anhui Province, China.
|
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS |
|---|
|
REFERENCES |
|---|
|
TOPABSTRACTMAIN TEXTREFERENCES |
|---|
Chun, J. & Goodfellow, M. (1995). A phylogenetic analysis of the genus Nocardia with 16S rRNA gene sequences. Int J Syst Bacteriol 45, 240–245.
Chun, J., Blackall, L. L., Kang, S.-O., Hah, Y. C. & Goodfellow, M. (1997). A proposal to reclassify Nocardia pinensis Blackall et al. as Skermania piniformis gen. nov., comb. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 127–131.
Collins, M. D., Pirouz, T., Goodfellow, M. & Minnikin, D. E. (1977). Distribution of menaquinones in actinomycetes and corynebacteria. J Gen Microbiol 100, 221–230.[Medline]
Collins, M. D., Howarth, O. W., Grund, E. & Kroppenstedt, R. M. (1987). Isolation and structural determination of new members of the vitamin K2 series in Nocardia brasiliensis. FEMS Microbiol Lett 41, 35–39.[CrossRef]
De Ley, J., Cattoir, H. & Reynaerts, A. (1970). The quantitative measurement of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Eur J Biochem 12, 143–153.[Medline]
Felsenstein, J. (1981). Evolutionary trees from DNA sequences: a maximum likelihood approach. J Mol Evol 17, 368–376.[CrossRef][Medline]
Felsenstein, J. (1985). Confidence limits on phylogenies: an approach using the bootstrap. Evolution 39, 783–791.[CrossRef]
Felsenstein, J. (1993). PHYLIP (phylogenetic inference package), version 3.6. Department of Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
Fitch, W. M. & Margoliash, E. (1967). Construction of phylogenetic trees: a method based on mutation distances as estimated from cytochrome c sequences is of general applicability. Science 155, 279–284.
Goodfellow, M. (1971). Numerical taxonomy of some nocardioform bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 69, 33–80.[Medline]
Goodfellow, M. (1992). The family Nocardiaceae. In The Prokaryotes, 2nd edn, pp. 1188–1213. Edited by A. Balows, H. G. Trüper, M. Dworkin, W. Harder & K.-H. Schleifer. New York: Springer.
Goodfellow, M. (1998). Nocardia and related genera. In Topley and Wilson's Microbiology and Microbial Infections, 9th edn, vol. 2, Systematic Bacteriology, pp. 463–489. Edited by A. Balows & B. I. Duerden. London: Arnold.
Goodfellow, M. & Orchard, V. A. (1974). Antibiotic sensitivity of some nocardioform bacteria and its value as a criterion for taxonomy. J Gen Microbiol 83, 375–387.[Medline]
Goodfellow, M., Alderson, G. & Chun, J. (1998). Rhodococcal systematics: problems and developments. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 74, 3–20.[CrossRef][Medline]
Goodfellow, M., Isik, K. & Yates, E. (1999). Actinomycete systematics: an unfinished synthesis. Nova Acta Leopold NF80, (312) 47–82.
Gordon, R. E. (1967). The taxonomy of soil bacteria. In The Ecology of Soil Bacteria, pp. 293–321. Edited by T. R. G. Gray & D. Parkinson. Liverpool: Liverpool University Press.
Gordon, R. E. & Mihm, J. M. (1957). A comparative study of some strains received as nocardiae. J Bacteriol 73, 15–27.
Gordon, R. E. & Mihm, J. M. (1962). Identification of Nocardia caviae (Erikson) nov. comb. Ann N Y Acad Sci 98, 628–636.[CrossRef]
Gordon, R. E., Barnett, D. A., Handerhan, J. E. & Pang, C. H.-N. (1974). Nocardia coeliaca, Nocardia autotrophica, and the nocardin strain. Int J Syst Bacteriol 24, 54–63.
Gürtler, V., Smith, R., Mayall, B. C., Potter-Reinemann, G., Stackebrandt, E. & Kroppenstedt, R. M. (2001). Nocardia veterana sp. nov., isolated from human bronchial lavage. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 933–936.[Abstract]
Hamid, M. E., Maldonado, L., Eldin, G. S. S., Mohamed, M. F., Saeed, N. S. & Goodfellow, M. (2001). Nocardia africana sp. nov., a new pathogen isolated from patients with pulmonary infections. J Clin Microbiol 39, 625–630.
Huß, V. A. R., Festl, H. & Schleifer, K. H. (1983). Studies on the spectrophotometric determination of DNA hybridization from renaturation rates. Syst Appl Microbiol 4, 184–192.
Jahnke, K.-D. (1992). Basic computer program for evaluation of spectroscopic DNA renaturation data from Gilford System 2600 spectrophotometer on a PC/XT/AT type personal computer. J Microbiol Methods 15, 61–73.
Kämpfer, P. & Kroppenstedt, R. M. (1996). Numerical analysis of fatty acid patterns of coryneform bacteria and related taxa. Can J Microbiol 42, 989–1005.
Kimura, M. (1980). A simple method for estimating evolutionary rates of base substitutions through comparative studies of nucleotide sequences. J Mol Evol 16, 111–120.[CrossRef][Medline]
Lechevalier, M. P. & Lechevalier, H. (1970). Chemical composition as a criterion in the classification of aerobic actinomycetes. Int J Syst Bacteriol 20, 435–443.
Lechevalier, M. P. & Lechevalier, H. A. (1980). The chemotaxonomy of actinomycetes. In Actinomycete Taxonomy, Special Publication 6, pp. 227–291. Arlington, VA: Society for Industrial Microbiology.
Lechevalier, M. P., De Bièvre, C. & Lechevalier, H. A. (1977). Chemotaxonomy of aerobic actinomycetes: phospholipid composition. Biochem Syst Ecol 5, 249–260.[CrossRef]
Lu, Z., Liu, Z., Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Qi, W. & Goodfellow, M. (2001). Saccharopolyspora flava sp. nov. and Saccharopolyspora thermophila sp. nov., novel actinomycetes from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 319–325.[Abstract]
Maldonado, L., Hookey, J. V., Ward, A. C. & Goodfellow, M. (2000). The Nocardia salmonicida clade, including descriptions of Nocardia cummidelens sp. nov., Nocardia fluminea sp. nov. and Nocardia soli sp. nov. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 78, 367–377.[CrossRef][Medline]
Marmur, J. & Doty, P. (1962). Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal denaturation temperature. J Mol Biol 4, 109–118.
McNeil, M. M. & Brown, J. M. (1994). The medically important aerobic actinomycetes: epidemiology and microbiology. Clin Microbiol Rev 7, 357–417.
Minnikin, D. E., Alshamaony, L. & Goodfellow, M. (1975). Differentiation of Mycobacterium, Nocardia and related taxa by thin-layer chromatographic analysis of whole-organism methanolysates. J Gen Microbiol 88, 200–204.[Medline]
Minnikin, D. E., O'Donnell, A. G., Goodfellow, M., Alderson, G., Athalye, M., Schaal, K. & Parlett, J. H. (1984). An integrated procedure for the extraction of bacterial isoprenoid quinones and polar lipids. J Microbiol Methods 2, 233–241.[CrossRef]
Mordarska, H., Mordarski, M. & Goodfellow, M. (1972). Chemotaxonomic characters and classification of some nocardioform bacteria. J Gen Microbiol 71, 77–86.[Medline]
Orchard, V. A. (1979). Effect of sewage sludge additions on Nocardia in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 11, 217–220.
Orchard, V. A. (1981). The ecology of Nocardia and related taxa. Zentbl Bakteriol Suppl. 11, 167–180.
Orchard, V. A., Goodfellow, M. & Williams, S. T. (1977). Selective isolation and occurrence of nocardiae in soil. Soil Biol Biochem 9, 233–238.[CrossRef]
Rainey, F. A., Ward-Rainey, N., Kroppenstedt, R. M. & Stackebrandt, E. (1996). The genus Nocardiopsis represents a phylogenetically coherent taxon and a distinct actinomycete lineage: proposal of Nocardiopsaceae fam. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 46, 1088–1092.
Saito, H. & Miura, K.-I. (1963). Preparation of transforming deoxyribonucleic acid by phenol treatment. Biochim Biophys Acta 72, 619–629.[Medline]
Saitou, N. & Nei, M. (1987). The neighbor-joining method: a new method for reconstructing phylogenetic trees. Mol Biol Evol 4, 406–425.[Abstract]
Sasser, M. (1990). Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids. Technical Note 101. Newark, DE: MIDI.
Society for American Bacteriologists (1957). Manual of Microbiological Methods. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Stackebrandt, E., Rainey, F. A. & Ward-Rainey, N. L. (1997). Proposal for a new hierarchic classification system, Actinobacteria classis nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 479–491.
Thompson, J. D., Gibson, T. J., Plewniak, F., Jeanmougin, F. & Higgins, D. G. (1997). The CLUSTAL_X windows interface: flexible strategies for multiple sequence alignment aided by quality analysis tools. Nucleic Acids Res 25, 4876–4882.
Tsukamura, M. (1966). Adansonian classification of mycobacteria. J Gen Microbiol 45, 253–273.[Medline]
Wang, L., Zhang, Y., Lu, Z., Shi, Y., Liu, Z., Maldonado, L. & Goodfellow, M. (2001). Nocardia beijingensis sp. nov., a novel isolate from soil. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 1783–1788.[Abstract]
Wayne, L. G., Brenner, D. J., Colwell, R. R. & 9 other authors (1987). International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology. Report of the ad hoc committee on reconciliation of approaches to bacterial systematics. Int J Syst Bacteriol 37, 463–464.
Whipple, D. L., LeFebvre, R. B., Andrews, R. E., Jr & Thiermann, A. B. (1987). Isolation and analysis of restriction endonuclease digestive patterns of chromosomal DNA from Mycobacterium paratuberculosis and other Mycobacterium species. J Clin Microbiol 25, 1511–1515.
Williams, S. T., Goodfellow, M., Alderson, G., Wellington, E. M. H., Sneath, P. H. A. & Sackin, M. J. (1983). Numerical classification of Streptomyces and related genera. J Gen Microbiol 129, 1743–1813.[Medline]
Wu, C., Lu, X., Qin, M., Wang, Y. & Ruan, J. (1989). Analysis of menaquinone compound in microbial cells by HPLC. Microbiology (English translation of Mikrobiologiya) 16, 176–178.
Yassin, A. F., Rainey, F. A. & Steiner, U. (2001). Nocardia cyriacigeorgici sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 51, 1419–1423.[Abstract]
This article has been cited by other articles:
|
|
 |
|
  J. Zhang, D. Wu, J. Zhang, Z. Liu, and F. Song Saccharopolyspora shandongensis sp. nov., isolated from wheat-field soil Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2008; 58(5): 1094 - 1099. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kampfer, B. Huber, S. Buczolits, K. Thummes, I. Grun-Wollny, and H.-J. Busse Nocardia acidivorans sp. nov., isolated from soil of the island of Stromboli Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2007; 57(6): 1183 - 1187. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhang, Q. Xie, Z. Liu, and M. Goodfellow Lechevalieria fradiae sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil in China Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, April 1, 2007; 57(4): 832 - 836. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Wang, Y. Huang, Z. Liu, M. Goodfellow, and C. Rodriguez Streptacidiphilus oryzae sp. nov., an actinomycete isolated from rice-field soil in Thailand Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, June 1, 2006; 56(6): 1257 - 1261. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
 |
|
 B. A. Brown-Elliott, J. M. Brown, P. S. Conville, and R. J. Wallace Jr Clinical and Laboratory Features of the Nocardia spp. Based on Current Molecular Taxonomy Clin. Microbiol. Rev., April 1, 2006; 19(2): 259 - 282. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
S. D. Lee Nocardia jejuensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a natural cave on Jeju Island, Republic of Korea. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2006; 56(Pt 3): 559 - 562. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
Q. Cui, L. Wang, Y. Huang, Z. Liu, and M. Goodfellow Nocardia jiangxiensis sp. nov. and Nocardia miyunensis sp. nov., isolated from acidic soils Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2005; 55(5): 1921 - 1925. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. Kageyama, K. Yazawa, H. Taniguchi, H. Chibana, K. Nishimura, R. M. Kroppenstedt, and Y. Mikami Nocardia concava sp. nov., isolated from Japanese patients Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2005; 55(5): 2081 - 2083. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Xu, W.-J. Li, S.-K. Tang, Y. Jiang, H.-H. Chen, L.-H. Xu, and C.-L. Jiang Nocardia polyresistens sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, July 1, 2005; 55(4): 1465 - 1470. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
J. Zhang, Z. Liu, and M. Goodfellow Nocardia xishanensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from soil Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, November 1, 2004; 54(6): 2301 - 2305. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
L. Wang, Y. Zhang, Y. Huang, L. A. Maldonado, Z. Liu, and M. Goodfellow Nocardia pigrifrangens sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a contaminated agar plate Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2004; 54(5): 1683 - 1686. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
P. Kampfer, S. Buczolits, U. Jackel, I. Grun-Wollny, and H.-J. Busse Nocardia tenerifensis sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2004; 54(2): 381 - 383. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
D. Saintpierre-Bonaccio, L. A. Maldonado, H. Amir, R. Pineau, and M. Goodfellow Nocardia neocaledoniensis sp. nov., a novel actinomycete isolated from a New-Caledonian brown hypermagnesian ultramafic soil Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2004; 54(2): 599 - 603. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
|
|
|
|
A. F. Yassin, B. Straubler, P. Schumann, and K. P. Schaal Nocardia puris sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2003; 53(5): 1595 - 1599. [Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]
|
|
| ||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| HOME | HELP | FEEDBACK | SUBSCRIPTIONS | ARCHIVE | SEARCH | TABLE OF CONTENTS |
| INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL | MICROBIOLOGY | J GEN VIROL |
| J MED MICROBIOL | ALL SGM JOURNALS | |
