IJSEM Applied and Environmental Microbiology
HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
QUICK SEARCH:   [advanced]


     

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Täubel, M.
Right arrow Articles by Busse, H.-J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Täubel, M.
Right arrow Articles by Busse, H.-J.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Täubel, M.
Right arrow Articles by Busse, H.-J.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 53 (2003), 725-730; DOI  10.1099/ijs.0.02304-0
© 2003 International Union of Microbiological Societies

Bacillus barbaricus sp. nov., isolated from an experimental wall painting

Martin Täubel1,2, Peter Kämpfer3, Sandra Buczolits1,2, Werner Lubitz1 and Hans-Jürgen Busse1,2

1 Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Wien, A-1030 Wien, Austria
2 Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Wien, Austria
3 Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität, D-35392 Giessen, Germany

Correspondence
Hans-Jürgen Busse
Hans-Juergen.Busse{at}vu-wien.ac.at


   ABSTRACT
TOP
 ABSTRACT
MAIN TEXT
 REFERENCES
 
In a project concerning bacterial colonization of experimental wall paintings, a large number of isolates have been acquired with high similarities in their whole-cell protein patterns obtained after SDS-PAGE. Of this group, four strains, designated V2-BIII-A2T, V2-BI-A9, V2-BI-04 and V2-BII-A8, were chosen for further characterization. Banding patterns obtained after ERIC-PCR were barely distinguishable among these four strains, indicating their affiliation within a single species. The isolates also displayed nearly identical biochemical and physiological features. The chemotaxonomic characteristics, including polar lipids, quinone systems, cell-wall diamino acid composition and fatty acid profiles, were in good agreement with those of numerous previously described Bacillus species. 16S rDNA analysis of strain V2-BIII-A2T showed that this bacterium belongs to the genus Bacillus, with highest sequence similarities to Bacillus megaterium (94·6 %), Bacillus flexus (94·4 %) and the alkaliphilic Bacillus cohnii (94·2 %). Based on almost identical biochemical, physiological and chemotaxonomic traits, ERIC-PCR-generated genomic fingerprints and comparative 16S rDNA sequence analysis, it is demonstrated that the four isolates represent a novel species of the genus Bacillus, for which the name Bacillus barbaricus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is V2-BIII-A2T (=CCM 4982T=DSM 14730T).

Published online ahead of print on 13 January 2003 as DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.02304-0.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rDNA sequence of B. barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T is AJ422145.


   MAIN TEXT
TOP
 ABSTRACT
 MAIN TEXT
REFERENCES
 
Medieval wall paintings often suffer deterioration caused by microbial biodecay of the paintings and their groundings (Cifferi, 1999Go; Krumbein et al., 1990Go; Petushkova et al., 1989Go; Sorlini et al., 1987Go). Sampling procedures used for biodecay investigations exacerbate the destruction. In order to achieve a better understanding of bacterial colonization and its contribution to the deterioration of medieval wall paintings, a project was carried out on experimental objects. Two identical wall paintings were produced by the Academy of Fine Arts (Vienna) using materials for the background that were also employed for construction of medieval wall paintings and were painted in a combination of the secco and fresco techniques. They were exposed in two medieval Austrian chapels, the Virgilkapelle, beneath the Stephansplatz in Vienna, and the Katharinenkapelle, in Castle Herberstein in Styria. The Virgilkapelle, which is connected directly to the subway system, is characterized by a relatively stable climate, with temperatures ranging between 18 and 26 °C and relative humidity between 64 and 86 %. The climate in the Katharinenkapelle is strongly affected by outdoor conditions. The temperature varies between -2 and 20 °C and the relative humidity between 67 and 97 %. Over a period of 2 years, each painting was sampled four times on different areas that were covered with different pigments. Samples were taken by punching out material to a depth of approx. 5 mm using metal tubes (100 mm2). Isolation of bacteria was done as described by Wieser et al. (1999)Go. For preliminary clustering of isolates displaying similar colony morphology, their protein patterns were compared after SDS-PAGE. One protein-similarity cluster was found to contain a large number of isolates (results not shown) that had been isolated from both paintings. This observation may indicate that the construction materials were already contaminated with these bacteria or that the paintings became contaminated during construction.

The 16S rDNA sequence of strain V2-BIII-A2T, selected for reference, was analysed as described previously (Buczolits et al., 2002Go) and a stretch of 1421 bases was obtained (positions 50–1467, Escherichia coli numbering; Brosius et al., 1978Go). Highest 16S rDNA sequence similarities of V2-BIII-A2T were obtained to Bacillus megaterium DSM 32T (94·6 %), Bacillus flexus DSM 1320T (94·4 %) and the obligate alkaliphile Bacillus cohnii LMG 16678T (94·2 %). These values clearly allocate V2-BIII-A2T to Bacillus rRNA group 1 (Ash et al., 1991Go) and demonstrate that it represents a novel species. From a collection of 35 isolates with highly similar protein patterns, including strain V2-BIII-A2T, which were isolated in October 1999 from the wall painting exposed in the chapel Virgilkapelle, strains V2-BI-09, V2-BI-A4 and V2-BII-A8 were selected for further taxonomic characterization. Comparison of genomic fingerprints of these four strains obtained after ERIC (enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus)-PCR (Wieser & Busse, 2000Go) supported their affiliation to a single species and clearly distinguished them from selected reference strains (Fig. 1Go).



View larger version (125K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		Fig. 1. ERIC-PCR-generated genomic fingerprints. Lanes: 1 and 9, 100 bp marker; 2, B. cohnii LMG 16678T; 3, B. flexus DSM 1320T; 4, B. megaterium DSM 32T; 5, V2-BIII-A2T; 6, V2-BI-04; 7, V2-BII-A8, 8, V2-BI-A9; 10, negative control.

 
In order to screen for isolates of this putative novel Bacillus species in subsequent samplings, isolates from both wall paintings were subjected to colony hybridization with an oligonucleotide probe (5'-GCGTTTCTTCTTATTATCCGG-3') specific for strain V2-BIII-A2T. This probe displayed at least five mismatches with the corresponding sequences of every established Bacillus species. The distribution of this assumed species on the experimental wall paintings was studied by employing the probe in colony hybridizations with isolates from the third and fourth samplings. By this means, we were able to show that approx. 20 and 1 %, respectively, of the bacterial communities isolated from the wall paintings exposed in the Virgilkapelle and the Katharinenkapelle can be assumed to belong to the same species as V2-BIII-A2T (results not shown). This assumption was supported by a high degrees of similarity in their protein patterns (results not shown).

Colonies of the four isolates V2-BIII-A2T, V2-BI-09, V2-BI-A4 and V2-BII-A8 were brownish, opaque and flat and reached a maximum of 7 mm in diameter when grown on PYES medium (0·3 % peptone from casein, 0·3 % yeast extract, 0·23 % disodium succinate, pH 7·2). Younger colonies had an entire margin, but older colonies sometimes became frayed. Cells were rod-shaped, occurring singly or in filamentous chains. Spores were oval in a swollen sporangium. Cells were Gram-positive, as shown by Gram-staining, KOH test and aminopeptidase test (Moaledj, 1986Go). Growth at different temperatures was investigated on PYES medium. The four strains grew well in the range 18–37 °C; after 3 weeks of incubation, no growth was observed at 4 or 47 °C. The four strains grew only weakly on PYES medium supplemented with 2 % NaCl (w/v) and no growth was observed in the presence of 5 or 10 % NaCl (w/v) after 3 weeks of incubation. Good growth on PYES agar was observed for all four isolates under anaerobic conditions as described by Altenburger et al. (2002)Go, whereas no growth was detected when the strains were incubated on PYES agar under microaerobic conditions as described by Fox et al. (1994)Go. This lack of growth may be due to the 5 % H2 present in the microaerobic atmosphere. In experiments where the pH of PYES medium was adjusted with HCl or NaOH before autoclaving, the strains grew weakly at pH 6·0 and strongly at pH 7·2, 8·0 and 9·5, indicating alkalitolerance of the isolates. The type strain (LMG 16678T) of the alkaliphilic species B. cohnii (Spanka & Fritze, 1993Go), which was incubated under the same conditions, grew strongly at pH 9·5, moderately at pH 8·0 and not at all at pH 7·2. When the pH was adjusted as described by Nielson et al. (1995)Go using buffered systems, no growth of the four isolates was observed at pH 7·0, 8·0, 9·0, 10·0 or 11·0, whereas B. cohnii LMG 16678T grew best at pH 8–11. Good growth of the four strains was observed on a medium recommended for cultivation of B. cohnii LMG 16678T (0·3 % yeast extract, 0·5 % peptone, 0·5 % NaCl), adjusted to pH 9·5 with Na2CO3 after autoclaving.

The physiological and biochemical properties of the four novel isolates, B. megaterium DSM 32T, B. flexus DSM 1320T and B. cohnii LMG 16678T were analysed as described by Kämpfer et al. (1991)Go and are summarized in Table 1Go. Strains V2-BIII-A2T, V2-BI-09, V2-BI-A4 and V2-BII-A8 only showed varying results for assimilation of 4-aminobutyrate, fumarate, L-leucine and L-ornithine. The four isolates displayed very similar acid-production profiles from carbohydrates with the API 50 CHB system (see species description).


View this table:
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		Table 1. Differential physiological and biochemical properties of B. barbaricus sp. nov. and related species

Strains: 1, B. barbaricus sp. nov. (four strains studied); 2, B. megaterium DSM 32T; 3, B. flexus DSM 1320T; 4, B. cohnii LMG 16678T. +, Positive; -, negative; d, some strains positive; W, weak; ND, not determined; pNP, p-nitrophenyl; pNA, p-nitroanilide. All seven strains were positive in the catalase test (data for B. megaterium from Claus & Berkeley, 1986Go), for decomposition of starch and casein (data for B. megaterium from Priest et al., 1988Go) and for utilization of acetate and DL-3-hydroxybutyrate. In general, positive reactions for utilization of amino acids were only weak. All seven strains were negative for utilization of L-arabinose, {alpha}-D-melibiose, D-xylose, adonitol, D-sorbitol, putrescine, propionate, trans-aconitate, adipate, azelate, itaconate, mesaconate, suberate, {beta}-alanine, L-tryptophan and phenylacetate and hydrolysis of pnp {beta}-D-glucuronide, pNP phosphorylcholine, L-alanine pna and L-proline pNA.

 
The chemotaxonomic characteristics of the four isolates were almost identical. Peptidoglycan diamino acids were analysed in cell-wall preparations as described by Bousfield et al. (1985)Go. Quinones were extracted and analysed as described previously (Tindall, 1990Go; Altenburger et al., 1996Go). Detection of diaminopimelic acid as the characteristic peptidoglycan diamino acid and the predominant menaquinone MK-7 were in good agreement with the characteristics of numerous Bacillus species, including B. megaterium (Claus & Berkley, 1986Go) and B. flexus (this study). In contrast, Spanka & Fritze (1993)Go reported that the alkaliphilic species B. cohnii contains a peptidoglycan with ornithine instead of diaminopimelic acid. Analysis of total fatty acids (Kämpfer et al., 1997Go) showed the predominance of iso- and anteiso-branched fatty acids, typical for members of the genus Bacillus (Kämpfer, 1994Go). Fatty acids with chain lengths of 15 carbons [C15 : 0 anteiso (37–43 %) and C15 : 0 iso (19–22 %)] were quantitatively dominant. The homogeneity in the fatty acid profiles of the four strains supports their allocation into a single species and distinguished them from the relatives B. megaterium DSM 32T, B. flexus DSM 1320T and B. cohnii LMG 16678T (Table 2Go).


View this table:
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		Table 2. Fatty acid compositions of B. barbaricus sp. nov. V2-BIII-A2T and related type strains

Strains: 1, B. barbaricus sp. nov. V2-BIII-A2T (values in parentheses indicate the range of values detected within the three other strains of the species); 2, B. megaterium DSM 32T; 3, B. flexus DSM 1320T; 4, B. cohnii LMG 16678T.

 
Polar lipids of V2-BIII-A2T analysed by two-dimensional TLC according to Ventosa et al. (1993)Go are shown in Fig. 2Go. Phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol were predominant in the polar lipid profile. Furthermore, we detected an unknown aminophospholipid, an unknown phospholipid, an unknown aminolipid and an unknown polar lipid. The unknown phospholipid showed chromatographic behaviour that was almost identical to that of phosphatidylcholine, but it could not be stained with Dragendorff reagent, which is commonly employed for detection of phosphatidylcholine. Glycolipids were not detected. The polar lipid profile was unaffected by the age of the biomass. Only minor quantitative differences in the amounts of certain lipids were found in two other isolates (results not shown). Similar polar lipid profiles, containing the same predominant compounds as well as the unknown phospholipid and the unknown polar lipid, were detected in B. flexus DSM 1320T, B. cohnii LMG 16678T and B. megaterium DSM 32T (results not shown).



View larger version (122K):
[in this window]
[in a new window]
  		Fig. 2. Two-dimensional TLC of the polar lipids of Bacillus barbaricus V2-BIII-A2T. Abbreviations: DPG, diphosphatidylglycerol; PG, phosphatidylglycerol; PE, phosphatidylethanolamine; PL, unknown phospholipid; APL, unknown aminophospholipid; AL, unknown aminolipid; L, unknown polar lipid.

 
Relatively low 16S rDNA sequence similarity values (94·2–94·6 %) to the nearest relatives indicate that V2-BIII-A2T represents a novel species of the genus Bacillus. Almost identical genomic fingerprints (Fig. 1Go), highly similar whole-cell protein patterns (results not shown) and fatty acid profiles (Table 2Go) and nearly identical biochemical and physiological properties (Table 1Go) provide further evidence that the four strains V2-BIII-A2T, V2-BI-04, V2-BII-A8 and V2-BI-A9 represent a single species of the genus Bacillus. It can be distinguished from its close relatives within the genus, B. megaterium DSM 32T, B. flexus DSM 1320T and B. cohnii LMG 16678T, on the basis of genomic fingerprints, biochemical/physiological traits and differences in fatty acid profiles and polar lipid patterns. In conclusion, we describe a novel species, for which we propose the name Bacillus barbaricus sp. nov.

Description of Bacillus barbaricus sp. nov.
Bacillus barbaricus (bar.ba'ri.cus. L. adj. barbaricus strange, foreign, referring to the strange behaviour towards growth at different pH).

Cells are Gram-positive, non-motile rods that produce subterminal, oval endospores in a swollen sporangium. Cells are 0·5 µm wide and 4–5 µm long. Colonies are brownish, opaque, circular, flat and 3–7 mm in diameter when grown on PYES agar. Facultatively anaerobic. Catalase-positive. Oxidase- and urease-negative. Nitrate is not reduced. Indole and H2S are not produced. Alkalitolerant. Good growth occurs at temperatures ranging from 18 to 37 °C. No growth at 4 or 47 °C or in the presence of 5 or 10 % NaCl, and only weak growth in 2 % NaCl. Acid is produced from D-glucose, N-acetylglucosamine, aesculin, maltose, trehalose, starch and glycogen. Acid production is variable from D-fructose (V2-BIII-A2T is weakly positive), galactose, methyl {alpha}-D-glucoside, lactose, sucrose and D-turanose (V2-BIII-A2T is negative). No acid is produced from glycerol, erythritol, D-arabinose, ribose, D-xylose, L-xylose, adonitol, methyl {beta}-xyloside, D-mannose, L-sorbose, rhamnose, dulcitol, inositol, mannitol, sorbitol, methyl {alpha}-D-mannoside, amygdalin, arbutin, salicin, cellobiose, melibiose, inulin, melezitose, D-raffinose, xylitol, {beta}-gentiobiose, D-lyxose, D-tagatose, D-fucose, L-fucose, D-arabitol, L-arabitol, gluconate, 2-ketogluconate or 5-ketogluconate. Other physiological and biochemical characteristics are given in Table 1Go. The cell-wall diamino acid is diaminopimelic acid and MK-7 is the predominant menaquinone. The polar lipid profile is composed of the major compounds phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylglycerol and diphosphatidylglycerol and minor amounts of an unknown phospholipid, an unknown aminophospholipid, an unknown aminolipid and one unknown polar lipid. The fatty acid profile consists of the predominant compounds ai-C15 : 0 and i-C15 : 0; i-C14 : 0 and i-C16 : 0 are present in moderate amounts.

The type strain, V2-BIII-A2T (=CCM 4982T=DSM 14730T), was isolated from an experimental wall painting exposed in the Virgilkapelle in Vienna, Austria.


   ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
 
This work was supported by a grant from the Austrian Fonds zur Förderung der Wissenschaftlichen Forschung (P12820 MOB). We are grateful to Hans Trüper for advice on nomenclatural problems.


   REFERENCES
TOP
 ABSTRACT
 MAIN TEXT
 REFERENCES
 
Altenburger, P., Kämpfer, P., Makristathis, A., Lubitz, W. & Busse, H.-J. (1996). Classification of bacteria isolated from a medieval wall painting. J Biotechnol 47, 39–52.

Altenburger, P., Kämpfer, P., Schumann, P., Vybiral, D., Lubitz, W. & Busse, H.-J. (2002). Georgenia muralis gen. nov., sp. nov., a novel actinobacterium isolated from a medieval wall painting. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 875–881.[Abstract]

Ash, C., Farrow, J. A. E., Wallbanks, S. & Collins, M. D. (1991). Phylogenetic heterogeneity of the genus Bacillus revealed by comparative analysis of small-subunit-ribosomal RNA. Lett Appl Microbiol 13, 202–206.

Bousfield, I. J., Keddie, R. M., Dando, T. R. & Shaw, S. (1985). Simple rapid methods of cell wall analysis as an aid in the identification of aerobic coryneform bacteria. In Chemical Methods in Bacterial Systematics, pp. 221–236. Edited by M. Goodfellow & D. E. Minnikin. London: Academic Press.

Brosius, J., Palmer, M. L., Kennedy, P. J. & Noller, H. F. (1978). Complete nucleotide sequence of a 16S ribosomal RNA gene from Escherichia coli. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 75, 4801–4805.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Buczolits, S., Denner, E. B. M., Vybiral, D., Wieser, M., Kämpfer, P. & Busse, H.-J. (2002). Classification of three airborne bacteria and proposal of Hymenobacter aerophilus sp. nov. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 52, 445–456.[Abstract]

Cifferi, O. (1999). Microbial degradation of paintings. Appl Environ Microbiol 65, 879–885.[Free Full Text]

Claus, D. & Berkeley, R. C. W. (1986). Genus Bacillus Cohn 1872, 174AL. In Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol. 2, pp. 1105–1139. Edited by P. H. A. Sneath, N. S. Mair, M. E. Sharpe & J. G. Holt. Baltimore: Williams & Wilkins.

Fox, J. G., Dewhirst, F. E., Tully, J. G., Paster, B. J., Yan, L., Taylor, N. S., Collins, M. J., Jr, Gorelick, P. L. & Ward, J. M. (1994). Helicobacter hepaticus sp. nov., a microaerophilic bacterium isolated from livers and intestinal mucosal scrapings from mice. J Clin Microbiol 32, 1238–1245.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Kämpfer, P. (1994). Limits and possibilities of total fatty acid analysis for classification and identification of Bacillus species. Syst Appl Microbiol 17, 86–98.

Kämpfer, P., Steiof, M. & Dott, W. (1991). Microbiological characterization of a fuel-oil contaminated site including numerical identification of heterotrophic water and soil bacteria. Microb Ecol 21, 227–251.

Kämpfer, P., Denner, E. B. M., Meyer, S., Moore, E. R. B. & Busse, H.-J. (1997). Classification of "Pseudomonas azotocolligans" Anderson 1955, 132, in the genus Sphingomonas as Sphingomonas trueperi sp. nov. Int J Syst Bacteriol 47, 577–583.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Krumbein, W. E. & Petersen, K. (1990). Mikroorganismen beschleunigen den Zerfall von mittelalterlichen Wandgemälden. Wandmalereischäden Arbeitshefte Denkmalplege Niedersachsen 8, 115–121.

Moaledj, K. (1986). Comparison of Gram-staining and alternate methods, KOH test and aminopeptidase activity in aquatic bacteria: their application to numerical taxonomy. J Microbiol Methods 5, 303–310.

Nielsen, P., Fritze, D. & Priest, F. G. (1995). Phenetic diversity of alkaliphilic Bacillus strains: proposal for nine new species. Microbiology 141, 1745–1761.

Petushkova, Y. P., Lyalikova, N. N. & Poglasova, M. N. (1989). Microorganisms discovered on the frescoes of the Ferapoint Monastery. Mikrobiologiya 58, 1021–1030.

Priest, F. G., Goodfellow, M. & Todd, C. (1988). A numerical classification of the genus Bacillus. J Gen Microbiol 134, 1847–1882.[Medline]

Sorlini, C., Sacchi, M. & Ferrari, A. (1987). Microbiological deterioration of Gambara's frescos exposed to open air in Brescia, Italy. Int Biodeterior 23, 167–179.

Spanka, R. & Fritze, D. (1993). Bacillus cohnii sp. nov., a new, obligately alkaliphilic, oval-spore-forming Bacillus species with ornithine and aspartic acid instead of diaminopimelic acid in the cell wall. Int J Syst Bacteriol 43, 150–156.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Tindall, B. J. (1990). A comparative study of the lipid composition of Halobacterium saccharovorum from various sources. Syst Appl Microbiol 13, 128–130.

Ventosa, A., Marquez, M. C., Kocur, M. & Tindall, B. J. (1993). Comparative study of "Micrococcus sp." strains CCM 168 and CCM 1405 and members of the genus Salinicoccus. Int J Syst Bacteriol 43, 245–248.[Abstract/Free Full Text]

Wieser, M. & Busse, H.-J. (2000). Rapid identification of Staphylococcus epidermidis. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 50, 1087–1093.[Abstract]

Wieser, M., Schumann, P., Martin, K., Altenburger, P., Burghardt, J., Lubitz, W. & Busse, H.-J. (1999). Agrococcus citreus sp. nov., isolated from a medieval wall painting of the chapel of Castle Herberstein (Austria). Int J Syst Bacteriol 49, 1165–1170.[Abstract/Free Full Text]




This article has been cited by other articles:


Home page
 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S.-W. Kwon, S.-Y. Lee, B.-Y. Kim, H.-Y. Weon, J.-B. Kim, S.-J. Go, and G.-B. Lee
Bacillus niabensis sp. nov., isolated from cotton-waste composts for mushroom cultivation
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, August 1, 2007; 57(8): 1909 - 1913.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Appl. Environ. Microbiol.Home page
P. Fajardo-Cavazos and W. Nicholson
Bacillus Endospores Isolated from Granite: Close Molecular Relationships to Globally Distributed Bacillus spp. from Endolithic and Extreme Environments
Appl. Envir. Microbiol., April 1, 2006; 72(4): 2856 - 2863.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
T. Zhang, X. Fan, S. Hanada, Y. Kamagata, and H. H. P. Fang
Bacillus macauensis sp. nov., a long-chain bacterium isolated from a drinking water supply
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, February 1, 2006; 56(2): 349 - 353.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
J.-H. Yoon and T.-K. Oh
Bacillus litoralis sp. nov., isolated from a tidal flat of the Yellow Sea in Korea
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2005; 55(5): 1945 - 1948.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
M. Wieser, H. Worliczek, P. Kampfer, and H.-J. Busse
Bacillus herbersteinensis sp. nov.
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, September 1, 2005; 55(5): 2119 - 2123.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
S. Shivaji, K. Suresh, P. Chaturvedi, S. Dube, and S. Sengupta
Bacillus arsenicus sp. nov., an arsenic-resistant bacterium isolated from a siderite concretion in West Bengal, India
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, May 1, 2005; 55(3): 1123 - 1127.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

Home page
 Int. J. Syst. Evol. Microbiol.Home page
J.-H. Yoon, C.-H. Lee, and T.-K. Oh
Bacillus cibi sp. nov., isolated from jeotgal, a traditional Korean fermented seafood
Int J Syst Evol Microbiol, March 1, 2005; 55(2): 733 - 736.
[Abstract] [Full Text] [PDF]

This Article
Right arrow Abstract Freely available
Right arrow Full Text (PDF)
Right arrow Alert me when this article is cited
Right arrow Alert me if a correction is posted
Right arrow Citation Map
Services
Right arrow Email this article to a friend
Right arrow Similar articles in this journal
Right arrow Similar articles in PubMed
Right arrow Alert me to new issues of the journal
Right arrow Download to citation manager
Right arrow reprints & permissions
Citing Articles
Right arrow Citing Articles via HighWire
Right arrow Citing Articles via CrossRef
Right arrow Citing Articles via Google Scholar
Google Scholar
Right arrow Articles by Täubel, M.
Right arrow Articles by Busse, H.-J.
Right arrow Search for Related Content
PubMed
Right arrow PubMed Citation
Right arrow Articles by Täubel, M.
Right arrow Articles by Busse, H.-J.
Agricola
Right arrow Articles by Täubel, M.
Right arrow Articles by Busse, H.-J.

HOME HELP FEEDBACK SUBSCRIPTIONS ARCHIVE SEARCH TABLE OF CONTENTS
INT J SYST EVOL MICROBIOL MICROBIOLOGY J GEN VIROL
J MED MICROBIOL ALL SGM JOURNALS