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Published online ahead of print on 10 August 2009 as doi:ijs.0.014118-0
 Int J Syst Evol Microbiol (2009); DOI 10.1099/ijs.0.014118-0
© 2009 International Union of Microbiological Societies
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Listeria marthii sp. nov., isolated from the natural environment, Finger Lakes National Forest

Lewis M. Graves1,4, Leta O. Helsel1, Arnold G. Steigerwalt1, Roger E. Morey1, Maryam I. Daneshvar1, Sherry E. Roof2, Renato H. Orsi2, Esther D. Fortes2, Sara R. Milillo2, Henk C. den Bakker2, Martin Wiedmann2, Balasubramanian Swaminathan1 and Brian D. Sauders3

1 Centers for Disease Control and Prevention;
2 Cornell University;
3 New York State Department of Agriculture and Markets Food Laboratory Division

4 E-mail: lmg2{at}cdc.gov

Four isolates (FSL S4-120T, FSL S4-696, FSL S4-710, and FSL S4-965) of Gram-positive, motile, facultatively anaerobic, non-sporeforming bacilli that were phenotypically similar to Listeria spp. were isolated from soil, standing water, and flowing water samples obtained from the natural environment in the Finger Lakes National Forest, New York, USA. The four isolates were closely related to one another and were determined to be the same species by whole genome DNA-DNA hybridization studies (>82% relatedness at 55 °C and >76% relatedness at 70°C with 0.0-0.5% divergence). 16S ribosomal RNA sequence analysis confirmed their close phylogenetic relatedness to L. monocytogenes and L. innocua and more distant relatedness to L. welshimeri, L. seeligeri, L. ivanovii, and L. grayi. Phylogenetic analysis of partial sequences for sigB, gap, and prs showed that these isolates form a well-supported sistergroup to L. monocytogenes. The four isolates were sufficiently different from L. monocytogenes and L. innocua by DNA-DNA hybridization to warrant their designation as a new Listeria species. The four isolates yielded positive reactions in the AccuProbe® test that is purported to be specific for L. monocytogenes, did not ferment L-rhamnose, were non-hemolytic on blood agar media, and did not contain a homologue of the L. monocytogenes virulence gene island. On the basis of their phenotypic characteristics and their genotypic distinctiveness from L. monocytogenes and L. innocua, the four isolates should be classified as a new species within the genus Listeria, for which the name Listeria marthii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of L. marthii is FSL S4-120T (=ATCC BAA 1595T =BEIR NR 9579T =CCUG 56148T). L. marthii has not been associated with human or animal disease at this time.






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