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Virgibacillus arcticus sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, endospore-forming bacterium from permafrost in the Canadian high Arctic

Department of Natural Resource Sciences, McGill University, 21,111 Lakeshore Rd, Ste-Anne de Bellevue, QC, Canada

Correspondence
Lyle G. Whyte
lyle.whyte{at}mcgill.ca

A novel, moderately halophilic, endospore-forming bacterial strain, designated Hal 1^T, was isolated from a permafrost core collected from the Canadian high Arctic. The temperature for growth of strain Hal 1^T was 0–30 °C with no growth observed at either –5 or 37 °C (optimum growth at about 25 °C). Strain Hal 1^T was able to grow at NaCl concentrations of 0–20 % (w/v) and did not have an absolute NaCl requirement for growth; optimal growth was at 5 % (w/v) NaCl. The level of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strain Hal 1^T and the type strains of Virgibacillus carmonensis and Virgibacillus necropolis was 98.2 %; values with respect to the type strains of other recognized Virgibacillus species were below 96.0 %. The DNA G+C content of strain Hal 1^T was 38.2 mol%. Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain Hal 1^T and the type strains of V. carmonensis and V. necropolis were 14.0 and 21.0 %, respectively. The major fatty acid of strain Hal 1^T was anteiso-C_{15 : 0}, consistent with species of the genus Virgibacillus. The cell-wall peptidoglycan of strain Hal 1^T was type A1 and the major respiratory quinone was MK-7. On the basis of genotypic and physiological results, strain Hal 1^T (=DSM 19574^T=JCM 14839^T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, namely Virgibacillus arcticus sp. nov.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain Hal 1^T is EF675742.

RAPD results from comparisons of strain Hal 1^T and the type strains of recognized Virgibacillus species are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.