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Virgibacillus sediminis sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium isolated from a salt lake in China

¹ Yunnan Institute of Microbiology, Yunnan University, Kunming, Yunnan 650091, PR China
² Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Plant Resources of Hunan Province, College of Biology and Environmental Sciences, Jishou University, Jishou, Hunan 416000, PR China
³ Institute of Medicinal Biotechnology, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100050, PR China

Correspondence
Xiao-Long Cui
xlcuiynu{at}yahoo.com.cn
or
xlcui{at}ynu.edu.cn

A Gram-positive, moderately halophilic, alkalitolerant, strictly aerobic, oxidase- and catalase-positive, rod-shaped bacterium, strain YIM kkny3^T, was isolated from a sediment sample collected from a salt lake in the Qaidam Basin of north-west China. Cells were motile by means of peritrichous flagella and formed ellipsoidal endospores lying in subterminal swollen sporangia. Growth occurred with 1–20 % (w/v) total salts (optimum, 5–10 %) and at pH 6.0–10.5 (optimum, pH 7.5–8.0) and 10–55 °C (optimum, 35–40 °C). It was unable to grow with NaCl as the only salt. meso-Diaminopimelic acid was present in the cell-wall peptidoglycan. The strain contained menaquinone 7 (MK-7) as the predominant respiratory quinone and diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylethanolamine and an unidentified phospholipid as polar lipids. The major cellular fatty acids were anteiso-C_{15 : 0} and anteiso-C_{17 : 0}. The DNA G+C content was 40.9 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that strain YIM kkny3^T belonged to the genus Virgibacillus, and was most closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus olivae (97.1 % similarity), Virgibacillus marismortui (97.0 %) and Virgibacillus kekensis (96.8 %). Levels of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain YIM kkny3^T and the type strains of V. olivae, V. marismortui and V. kekensis were 12.4, 10.6 and 15.7 %, respectively. The combination of phylogenetic analysis, genotypic data, phenotypic characteristics and chemotaxonomic differences indicated that strain YIM kkny3^T represents a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus sediminis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is YIM kkny3^T (=CCTCC AA 207023^T=DSM 19797^T=KCTC 13193^T).

Maximum-parsimony and minimum-evolution phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showing the position of strain YIM kkny3^T among its closest neighbours, and a table giving the whole-cell fatty acid profiles of strain YIM kkny3^T and recognized species of the genus Virgibacillus are available with the online version of this paper.