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Transfer of Actinomadura spadix Nonomura and Ohara 1971 to Actinoallomurus spadix gen. nov., comb. nov., and description of Actinoallomurus amamiensis sp. nov., Actinoallomurus caesius sp. nov., Actinoallomurus coprocola sp. nov., Actinoallomurus fulvus sp. nov., Actinoallomurus iriomotensis sp. nov., Actinoallomurus luridus sp. nov., Actinoallomurus purpureus sp. nov. and Actinoallomurus yoronensis sp. nov.

¹ NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation, 2-5-8 Kazusakamatari, Kisarazu, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
² Medicinal Chemistry Laboratory, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd, 1-403 Yoshino-cho, Kita-ku, Saitama-shi, Saitama 331-9530, Japan

Correspondence
Tomohiko Tamura
tamura-tomohiko{at}nite.go.jp

Ten actinomycete strains that form chains of spiral or looped spores were isolated from soil and dung samples in Japan. They contained D- and L-lysine, meso-diaminopimelic acid (A₂pm), D-glutamic acid and D- and L-alanine in the cell-wall peptidoglycan, madurose as a characteristic whole-cell sugar, MK-9(H₆) and MK-9(H₈) as the major isoprenoid quinones and iso-C_{16 : 0} as the major cellular fatty acid and showed genomic DNA G+C contents of 69–74 mol%. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that the isolated actinomycete strains consistently formed a monophyletic cluster with Actinomadura spadix NBRC 14099^T and a separate line of descent in the phylogenetic cluster of the family Thermomonosporaceae. Actinomadura spadix NBRC 14099^T also contained D- and L-lysine in addition to meso-A₂pm. This genetic and phenotypic evidence revealed that the actinomycete strains could be clearly differentiated from the other members of the family Thermomonosporaceae and that they warranted separate genus status. We conclude that Actinomadura spadix should be assigned the status of the type species of a new genus as Actinoallomurus spadix gen. nov., comb. nov. (type strain NBRC 14099^T =ATCC 27298^T =BCRC 13386^T =CBS 261.72^T =CIP 105479^T =DSM 43459^T =JCM 3146^T =KCTC 9252^T =NCIMB 11118^T =NRRL B-16128^T). Further, we conclude that the ten new isolates should be assigned to the novel species Actinoallomurus amamiensis sp. nov. (type strain TT00-28^T =NBRC 103682^T =KCTC 19537^T), Actinoallomurus caesius sp. nov. (type strain A3015^T =NBRC 103678^T =KCTC 19535^T), Actinoallomurus coprocola sp. nov. (type strain TT04-09^T =NBRC 103688^T =KCTC 19542^T), Actinoallomurus fulvus sp. nov. (type strain TT99-66^T =NBRC 103680^T =KCTC 19536^T), Actinoallomurus iriomotensis sp. nov. (type strain TT02-47^T =NBRC 103685^T =KCTC 19539^T), Actinoallomurus luridus sp. nov. (type strain TT02-15^T =NBRC 103683^T =KCTC 19538^T), Actinoallomurus purpureus sp. nov. (type strain TTN02-30^T =NBRC 103687^T =KCTC 19541^T) and Actinoallomurus yoronensis sp. nov. (type strain TTN02-22^T =NBRC 103686^T =KCTC 19540^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of the strains used are AB364579–AB364589, as detailed in Table 1.

A 16S rRNA gene sequence-based maximum-likelihood tree, 2D TLC of the polar lipids and SEMs of growth of strain NBRC 14099^T, fatty acid profiles of Actinoallomurus strains and details of growth of Actinoallomurus strains on various media are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.