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Salinisphaera hydrothermalis sp. nov., a mesophilic, halotolerant, facultatively autotrophic, thiosulfate-oxidizing gammaproteobacterium from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, and emended description of the genus Salinisphaera

¹ Department of Biochemistry and Microbiology, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
² Institute of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, USA
³ Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA

Correspondence
Costantino Vetriani
vetriani{at}marine.rutgers.edu

A mesophilic, aerobic, facultatively chemolithoautotrophic bacterium, designated strain EPR70^T, was isolated from hydrothermal fluids from diffuse-flow vents on the East Pacific Rise at ° 50' N 10 ° 17' W. Cells were Gram-negative rods, approximately 0.8–1.0 µm long and 0.3–0.5 µm wide. Strain EPR70^T grew at 20–40 °C (optimum 30–35 °C), 1–25 % NaCl (optimum 2.5 %) and pH 5.0–7.5 (optimum pH 5.5). The shortest generation time observed for strain EPR70^T was 42 min. Growth occurred under aerobic chemolithoautotrophic conditions in the presence of thiosulfate and CO₂. Strain EPR70^T grew heterotrophically with acetate or n-alkanes as sole carbon and energy sources, and in complex artificial seawater medium. Nitrate was not used as an electron acceptor. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 64 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that this organism is a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria, with Salinisphaera shabanensis E1L3A^T as its closest relative (94 % sequence similarity). On the basis of phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA, rbcL and alkB genes and physiological analysis, it is proposed that the organism represents a novel species within the genus Salinisphaera, for which the name Salinisphaera hydrothermalis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is EPR70^T (=DSM 21483^T =JCM 15514^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains EPR70^T, EPR72 and EPR71 are EU740416–EU740418. The accession numbers for the partial rbcL gene sequences from strains EPR70^T, EPR71 and EPR72 and S. shabanensis DSM 14853^T are EU740422–EU740425 and those for the partial alkB gene sequences of strain EPR70^T, S. shabanensis DSM 14853^T and strain EPR71 are EU740419–EU740421.

Graphs showing the effects of temperature, pH and NaCl concentration on growth of strain EPR70^T and neighbour-joining trees based on amino acid sequences of RuBisCO form I and AlkB are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.