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Geoalkalibacter subterraneus sp. nov., an anaerobic Fe(III)- and Mn(IV)-reducing bacterium from a petroleum reservoir, and emended descriptions of the family Desulfuromonadaceae and the genus Geoalkalibacter

¹ School of Biomolecular and Physical Sciences, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland 4111, Australia
² Advanced Agricecological Research Sdn. Bhd., Sg. Buloh PO, 47000 Selangor, Malaysia

Correspondence
Anthony Greene
t.greene{at}griffith.edu.au

A strictly anaerobic Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, designated strain Red1^T, was isolated from the production water of the Redwash oilfield, USA. The cells were motile rods (1–5x0.5–0.6 µm) that stained Gram-negative and possessed polar flagella. Strain Red1^T obtained energy from the reduction of Fe(III), Mn(IV), nitrate, elemental sulfur and trimethylamine N-oxide in the presence of a wide range of electron donors, including a variety of organic acids, alcohols, biological extracts and hydrogen. Strain Red1^T was incapable of fermentative growth. The novel isolate grew optimally at 40 °C (temperature range for growth, 30–50 °C) and at pH 7 (pH range, 6–9) with 2 % (w/v) NaCl (NaCl range, 0.1–10 %, w/v). The DNA G+C content was 52.5 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence indicated that strain Red1^T was a member of the order Desulfuromonadales within the class Deltaproteobacteria and most closely related to Geoalkalibacter ferrihydriticus Z-0531^T (95.8 %), Desulfuromonas palmitatis SDBY1^T (92.5 %) and ‘Desulfuromonas michiganensis’ BB1 (92.4 %). On the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic differences, the novel strain is proposed to represent a novel species, Geoalkalibacter subterraneus sp. nov. (type strain Red1^T=JCM 15104^T=KCTC 5626^T).

A supplementary figure showing the growth of strain Red1^T on acetate and Fe(III) oxyhydroxide is available with the online version of this paper.