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Demequina lutea sp. nov., isolated from a high Arctic permafrost soil

¹ Department of Biological Sciences, Section for Microbiology, Building 1540, University of Aarhus, Ny Munkegade, DK-8000 Aarhus-C, Denmark
² Division of Molecular and Environmental Microbiology, College of Life Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee DD1 4HN, Scotland, UK
³ DSMZ – Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen, Inhoffenstrasse 7b, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany

Correspondence
Kai Waldemar Finster
Kai.Finster{at}biology.au.dk

Two Gram-stain-positive, pigmented, non-motile, non-spore-forming, pleomorphic, rod-shaped bacteria (strains SV45^T and SV47), isolated from a permafrost soil collected from the Adventdalen valley, Spitsbergen, northern Norway, have been characterized taxonomically using a polyphasic approach. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the two permafrost isolates formed a distinct phyletic line within the suborder Micrococcineae of the order Actinomycetales. DNA–DNA hybridization analyses indicate that strains SV45^T and SV47 are closely related (60–69 % relatedness) and belong to the same species, although they show slightly different colony pigmentation. The closest phylogenetic neighbour was Demequina aestuarii JC2054^T, with 96 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. Optimum growth of SV45^T and SV47 occurred aerobically in the absence of NaCl, but both isolates tolerated up to 2 % NaCl (w/v) in the growth medium. Growth under anaerobic conditions was slow and weak. The peptidoglycan of both isolates was of the A4β type with L-ornithine as the diamino acid and serine as a component of the interpeptide bridge with either D-aspartate (SV45^T) or D-glutamate (SV47) as the N-terminal amino acid. The major fatty acids present in both isolates were C_{15 : 0} (3.2–8.6 %), iso-C_{16 : 0} (5.0–8.9 %), anteiso-C_{15 : 0} (59.4–61.5 %), anteiso-C_{17 : 0} (4.1–8.8 %) and anteiso-C_{15 : 1} (4.4–6.4 %). Isoprenoid quinones were present at exceptionally low levels in both isolates, and only demethylmenaquinone DMK-9(H₄) could be identified with any degree of confidence. Phylogenetic analysis and differences in physiological and biochemical characteristics between the strains and Demequina aestuarii JC2054^T indicate that these isolates belong to a novel species within the genus Demequina, for which the name Demequina lutea sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SV45^T (=LMG 24795^T =DSM 19970^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains SV45^T and SV47 are EF451745 and EF451735, respectively.

An extended phylogenetic tree based on 16S rRNA gene sequences is available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.