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Gluconobacter japonicus sp. nov., an acetic acid bacterium in the Alphaproteobacteria

Taweesak Malimas¹, Pattaraporn Yukphan¹, Mai Takahashi², Yuki Muramatsu², Mika Kaneyasu², Wanchern Potacharoen¹, Somboon Tanasupawat³, Yasuyoshi Nakagawa², Morakot Tanticharoen¹ and Yuzo Yamada^1,

¹ BIOTEC Culture Collection (BCC), National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Pathumthani 12120, Thailand
² Biological Resource Center (NBRC), Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), Kisarazu 292-0818, Japan
³ Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand

Correspondence
Yuzo Yamada
yamada333{at}kch.biglobe.ne.jp

Five strains, NBRC 3271^T, NBRC 3272, NBRC 3263, NBRC 3260 and NBRC 3269 were examined genetically, phylogenetically, phenotypically and chemotaxonomically. The DNA G+C contents of the five strains were 55.1–56.4 mol%. The five strains had low levels of DNA–DNA hybridization of 13–51 % to the type strains of Gluconobacter frateurii, Gluconobacter thailandicus, Gluconobacter oxydans, Gluconobacter cerinus, Gluconobacter albidus and Gluconobacter kondonii and formed a cluster that was separate from the type strains of the six Gluconobacter species given above in phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene and 16S–23S rRNA gene internal transcribed spacer sequences. The five strains weakly produced dihydroxyacetone from glycerol, but not 2,5-diketo-D-gluconate or a water-soluble brown pigment from D-glucose and contained ubiquinone-10. The five strains were assigned as representing a novel species of the genus Gluconobacter, for which the name Gluconobacter japonicus sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is NBRC 3271^T (=BCC 14458^T=strain 7^T, K. Kondo). Cells of the type strain are motile by means of polar flagella and the DNA G+C content is 56.4 mol%.

JICA Senior Overseas Volunteer, Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA), Shibuya-ku, Tokyo 151-8558, Japan; Professor Emeritus, Shizuoka University, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains NBRC 3271^T, NBRC 3260, NBRC 3263, NBRC 3272 and NBRC 3269 are AB253435, AB178400, AB253434, AB253436 and AB178408, respectively.

A table showing DNA–DNA hybridization values for strains NBRC 3271^T, NBRC 3260, NBRC 3263, NBRC 3272 and NBRC 3269 and the type strains of other species of Gluconobacter and Acetobacter aceti is available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.