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Polyphasic characterization of xanthomonads pathogenic to members of the Anacardiaceae and their relatedness to species of Xanthomonas

¹ CIRAD, UMR Peuplements Végétaux et Bioagresseurs en Milieu Tropical CIRAD-Université de la Réunion, Pôle de Protection des Plantes, 7 chemin de l'Irat, 97410 Saint Pierre, La Réunion, France
² Unité Biodiversité des Bactéries Pathogènes Emergentes, Institut Pasteur, 25–28 rue du Dr Roux, 75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
³ Ecologie Microbienne, UMR CNRS 5557/USC INRA 1193, Université Claude Bernard-Lyon 1, Villeurbanne, France

Correspondence
O. Pruvost
olivier.pruvost{at}cirad.fr

We have used amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP), multilocus sequence analysis (MLSA) and DNA–DNA hybridization for genotypic classification of Xanthomonas pathovars associated with the plant family Anacardiaceae. AFLP and MLSA results showed congruent phylogenetic relationships of the pathovar mangiferaeindicae (responsible for mango bacterial canker) with strains of Xanthomonas axonopodis subgroup 9.5. This subgroup includes X. axonopodis pv. citri (synonym Xanthomonas citri). Similarly, the pathovar anacardii, which causes cashew bacterial spot in Brazil, was included in X. axonopodis subgroup 9.6 (synonym Xanthomonas fuscans). Based on the thermal stability of DNA reassociation, consistent with the AFLP and MLSA data, the two pathovars share a level of similarity consistent with their being members of the same species. The recent proposal to elevate X. axonopodis pv. citri to species level as X. citri is supported by our data. Therefore, the causal agents of mango bacterial canker and cashew bacterial spot should be classified as pathovars of X. citri, namely X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae (pathotype strain CFBP 1716) and X. citri pv. anacardii (pathotype strain CFBP 2913), respectively. Xanthomonas fuscans should be considered to be a later heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas citri.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the partial 16S rRNA gene sequences of X. citri pv. mangiferaeindicae CFBP 1716, X. citri pv. anacardii CFBP 2913 and X. axonopodis pv. spondiae CFBP 2547 are respectively EF989732, EF989733 and EF989734. Those of the partial sequences used in the MLSA study are EU015124–EU015156, EU015158–EU015215 and EU333904–EU333906 (atpD), EU015216–EU015248, EU015250–EU015307 and EU333907–EU333909 (dnaK) and EU015308–EU015340, EU015342–EU015399 and EU333910–EU333912 (gyrB).

Details of strains and primers and ML trees derived from partial atpD, dnaK and gyrB sequences are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.

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