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This Article Full Text Full Text (PDF) Dendrogram based on MALDI-TOF All Versions of this Article: ijs.0.008771-0v1 59/10/2610    most recent Alert me when this article is cited Alert me if a correction is posted Citation Map Services Email this article to a friend Similar articles in this journal Similar articles in PubMed Alert me to new issues of the journal Download to citation manager Citing Articles Citing Articles via CrossRef Google Scholar Articles by Ali, Z. Articles by Stackebrandt, E. PubMed PubMed Citation Articles by Ali, Z. Articles by Stackebrandt, E. Agricola Articles by Ali, Z. Articles by Stackebrandt, E.

Flavobacterium rivuli sp. nov., Flavobacterium subsaxonicum sp. nov., Flavobacterium swingsii sp. nov. and Flavobacterium reichenbachii sp. nov., isolated from a hard water rivulet

DSMZ–German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures GmbH, Inhoffenstr. 7B, 38124 Braunschweig, Germany

Correspondence
Erko Stackebrandt
erko{at}dsmz.de

Strains WB 3.3-2^T, WB 3.2-61^T, WB 4.1-42^T and WB 2.3-68^T were isolated from the Westerhöfer Bach hard water rivulet, North Germany. The strains were Gram-staining-negative and catalase-, aminopeptidase- and oxidase-positive. The novel strains lacked flagella and only strain WB3.2-61^T showed gliding motility. Isolates WB 3.2-61^T, WB 4.1-42^T and WB 2.3-68^T produced flexirubin pigments. Phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that the novel strains showed <98.2 % similarity to the type strains of all recognized species of the genus Flavobacterium. Strains WB 3.3-2^T and WB 4.1-42^T shared 96.3 % sequence similarity and were only distantly related to the type strains of all of the members of the genus Flavobacterium. Strain WB 3.2-61^T branched adjacent to Flavobacterium limicola DSM 15094^T (98.0 %), while strain WB 2.3-68^T was a neighbour of Flavobacterium psychrophilum DSM 3660^T (97.1 %). On R2A medium, iso-C_{15 : 0} was the common major fatty acid; fatty acids C_{15 : 0}, C_{16 : 0}, iso-C_{15 : 0} 3-OH, iso-C_{17 : 1}9c, iso-C_{17 : 0} 3-OH and summed feature 3 (comprising C_{16 : 1}7c and/or iso-C_{15 : 0} 2-OH) occurred in all strains though sometimes in low amounts. Metabolic properties revealed clear differences between the four isolates as well as between the isolates and their nearest phylogenetic neighbours. The lack of close relatedness was confirmed by Riboprinter and MALDI-TOF analyses of cell extracts. On the basis of a high number of phenotypic differentiating properties and phylogenetic uniqueness, four novel Flavobacterium species are proposed with the following names: Flavobacterium rivuli (type strain WB 3.3-2^T=DSM 21788^T=CIP 109865^T), Flavobacterium subsaxonicum (type strain WB 4.1-42^T=DSM 21790^T=CIP 109867^T), Flavobacterium swingsii (type strain WB 2.3-68^T=DSM 21789^T=CIP 109868^T) and Flavobacterium reichenbachii (type strain WB 3.2-61^T=DSM 21791^T=CIP 109866^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences for strains WB 3.3-2^T, WB 4.1-42^T, WB 2.3-68^T and WB 3.2-61^T are AM934661, AM934666, AM934651 and AM177616, respectively.

A dendrogram based on MALDI-TOF is available as a supplementary figure with the online version of this paper.