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Arcobacter thereius sp. nov., isolated from pigs and ducks

¹ Department of Veterinary Public Health and Food Safety, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
² Institute of Environmental Science and Research, Christchurch Science Center, 27 Creyke Road, Ilam, PO Box 29 181, Christchurch 8004, New Zealand
³ Danish Institute of Food and Veterinary Research, Copenhagen, Denmark
⁴ Laboratory for Pharmaceutical Microbiology, Ghent University, Harelbekestraat 72, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
⁵ Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, K. L. Ledeganckstraat 35, 9000 Ghent, Belgium

Correspondence
Kurt Houf
kurt.houf{at}UGent.be

During a Danish study on the prevalence of campylobacteria in pig abortions and food of animal origin, eight Gram-negative, slightly curved, rod-shaped, non-spore-forming bacteria were clustered by using amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis in a distinct phenon within the genus Arcobacter. In the present study, numerical analysis of whole-cell protein profiles also showed that all isolates clustered in a single group distinct from other recognized Arcobacter species. DNA–DNA hybridization among two representative strains exhibited a mean DNA–DNA relatedness value of 79 %. DNA–DNA hybridization with the type strains of recognized Arcobacter species revealed levels of DNA–DNA relatedness of 41 % or less. The DNA G+C content of the type strain was 28.5 mol%. Pairwise comparison of the 16S rRNA gene sequences with those of the type strains of established species identified Arcobacter cryaerophilus (97.9 %), Arcobacter cibarius (97.5 %) and Arcobacter skirrowii (97.2 %) as the nearest phylogenetic neighbours. The isolates could be distinguished from other Arcobacter species by means of the following biochemical tests: activities of catalase and urease, reduction of nitrate and growth on minimal medium, lack of growth at 37 °C under standardized aerobic and microaerobic conditions, in 4 % NaCl and 1 % glycine media. Finally, DNA fingerprints obtained by using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consenus-PCR showed that the eight isolates represent eight strains of a single novel Arcobacter species, for which the name Arcobacter thereius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is LMG 24486^T (=CCUG 56902^T).

A dendrogram derived from numerical analysis of whole-cell protein profiles and DNA fingerprints obtained using enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consenus-PCR of A. thereius sp. nov. and Arcobacter reference strains are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.