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Pseudomonas brassicacearum subsp. neoaurantiaca subsp. nov., orange-pigmented bacteria isolated from soil and the rhizosphere of agricultural plants

¹ Swinburne University of Technology, Faculty of Life and Social Sciences, PO Box 218, Hawthorn, Victoria 3122, Australia
² Pacific Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 690022 Vladivostok, Pr. 100 Let Vladivostoku 159, Russian Federation
³ Université de Nice Sophia Antipolis and CNRS UMR 6543, Centre de Biochimie, Laboratoire de Biologie Virtuelle, Campus Valrose, F-06108 Nice, France
⁴ Collection de l'Institut Pasteur, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
⁵ Plate-forme Génomique, Institut Pasteur, 28 rue du Docteur Roux, F-75724 Paris Cedex 15, France
⁶ Institute of Marine Biology of the Far-Eastern Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 90041 Vladivostok, Russian Federation
⁷ D. K. Zabolotny Institute of Microbiology and Virology, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, 03680 Kiev, Ukraine

Correspondence
Elena P. Ivanova
eivanova{at}swin.edu.au

A large group of 38 strains of saprophytic bacteria was isolated from soil and the rhizosphere of agricultural plants. The novel organisms were Gram-negative, aerobic, rod-shaped bacteria that produced a green fluorescent pigment, a red–orange diffusible pigment and a complex mixture of phloroglucinol derivates with antimicrobial activity. The latter have not been found in other bacteria, but are peculiar to ferns. The bacteria were vigorous denitrifiers that synthesized levan from sucrose and liquefied gelatin, but were found not to degrade aesculin, starch, agar, Tween 80 or DNA. Bacterial growth was found to occur at 4 °C but not at 40 °C. The predominant cellular fatty acids were 16 : 0, 16 : 1(n-7), 18 : 1(n-7) and 17 : 0 cyclo. The G+C content of the novel bacteria was 61.0–62.9 mol%. 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated that the representative strain CIP 109457^T had a clear affiliation with Pseudomonas sensu stricto groups, with the nearest relatives being Pseudomonas brassicacearum, P. thivervalensis, P. corrugata, P. mediterranea and P. kilonensis. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments showed that the group of isolated strains exhibited high levels of genetic relatedness (81–100 %), confirming that they are representatives of the same species. At the same time, they bound at low levels (4–46 %) with DNA of the type strains of their nearest relatives with the exception of P. brassicacearum; DNA binding of 90 % with the DNA of P. brassicacearum CIP 107059^T suggested that the bacteria studied belong to this species. Analysis of taxonomic data indicated that the group of novel bacteria maintain a distinct phenotypic profile, allowing the description of novel subspecies within P. brassicacearum, for which the following names are proposed: Pseudomonas brassicacearum subsp. brassicacearum subsp. nov. (type strain DBK11^T =CFBP 11706^T =CIP 107059^T =DSM 13227^T =JCM 11938^T) and Pseudomonas brassicacearum subsp. neoaurantiaca subsp. nov., with the type strain CIP 109457^T (=ATCC 49054^T =IMV 387^T =VKM B-1524^T).

Details of strain isolation and DNA–DNA hybridization results are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.