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Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 59 (2009), 167-180; DOI  10.1099/ijs.0.000935-0
© 2009 International Union of Microbiological Societies

Phylogenetic placement of the Cyrtolophosididae Stokes, 1888 (Ciliophora; Colpodea) and neotypification of Aristerostoma marinum Kahl, 1931

Micah Dunthorn1,{dagger}, Marion Eppinger2,{dagger}, M. V. Julian Schwarz2, Michael Schweikert3, Jens Boenigk4, Laura A. Katz1,5 and Thorsten Stoeck2

1 Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
2 Department of Ecology, University of Kaiserslautern, Erwin-Schroedinger-Strasse 14, D-67653 Kaiserslautern, Germany
3 Department of Zoology, Biological Institute, University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 57, D-67633 Stuttgart, Germany
4 Austrian Academy of Sciences, Institute for Limnology, Mondseestr. 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
5 Department of Biological Sciences, Smith College, College Road, Northampton, MA 01063, USA

Correspondence
Thorsten Stoeck
stoeck{at}rhrk.uni-kl.de

The ciliate family Cyrtolophosididae Stokes, 1888 contains species that are poorly known from both the morphological and molecular perspectives. To further our understanding of this family, one species, Aristerostoma marinum Kahl, 1931, was redescribed. Cells in our population had a mean in vivo size of 15x8 µm. There were six rows of somatic kineties, as well as six dorsal kinetids belonging to sparsely ciliated somatic kineties. The oral apparatus comprised a bipartite paroral membrane and four adoral organelles. The optimal ecological tolerances for pH and O2 matched those of the environment in which the specimens were collected, but were different for salinity and temperature. To further test the phylogenetic placement of the family Cyrtolophosididae with increased taxon sampling, the small subunit rDNA of three morphospecies was characterized: A. marinum, Aristerostoma sp. ATCC 50986 and Pseudocyrtolophopsis alpestris. Unconstrained and constrained molecular analyses supported the non-monophyly of the order Cyrtolophosidida. The family Cyrtolophosididae fell out separately from the rest of its order. Haplotypes from previous environmental studies were also placed in a phylogenetic context within the class Colpodea.

Abbreviations: ASW, artificial seawater; ML, maximum-likelihood; MP, maximum-parsimony; SEM, scanning electron microscopy; SSU-rDNA, small subunit ribosomal DNA

{dagger}These authors contributed equally to this work.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the novel SSU-rDNA gene sequences determined in this study are indicated in Table 1.






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