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Halorubrum kocurii sp. nov., an archaeon isolated from a saline lake

¹ Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
² Department of Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK
³ Halophiles Research Institute, 677-1 Shimizu, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278-0043, Japan
⁴ State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100101 Beijing, PR China
⁵ Institute for Microbial Biotechnology and Metagenomics, University of the Western Cape, Bellville 7535, Cape Town, South Africa
⁶ Genencor International BV, Archimedesweg 30, 2333 CN Leiden, The Netherlands

Correspondence
M. C. Gutiérrez
mcg{at}us.es

A Gram-negative, non-motile, neutrophilic, rod-shaped, extremely halophilic archaeon, designated strain BG-1^T, was isolated from a salt lake, Lake Bagaejinnor, in Inner Mongolia, China. Strain BG-1^T was able to grow at 25–55 °C, required at least 2.5 M NaCl for growth (with an optimum at 3.4 M NaCl) and grew at pH 6.0–9.0 (with an optimum at pH 7.5). Hypotonic treatment with less than 2.0 M NaCl caused cell lysis. Phylogenetic analysis of the almost-complete 16S rRNA gene sequence positioned the isolate within the genus Halorubrum in the family Halobacteriaceae. Strain BG-1^T was most closely related to Halorubrum aidingense 31-hong^T (98.8 % sequence similarity), Halorubrum saccharovorum NCIMB 2081^T (98.6 %), Halorubrum lacusprofundi ACAM 34^T (98.6 %) and Halorubrum lipolyticum 9-3^T (98.4 %). However, values for DNA–DNA hybridization between strain BG-1^T and the most closely related members of the genus Halorubrum were below 40 %. Analysis of the polar lipids of strain BG-1^T revealed the presence of mannosyl-2-sulfate-(1-4)-glycosyl-archaeol, the main glycolipid found in neutrophilic species of the genus Halorubrum. The G+C content of the genomic DNA was 69.4 mol% (T_m). Comparison of the phenotypic characteristics of the strain with those of Halorubrum species supported the conclusion that BG-1^T represents a novel species within this genus, for which the name Halorubrum kocurii sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is BG-1^T (=CECT 7322^T =CGMCC 1.7018^T =JCM 14978^T).

A thin-layer chromatogram of polar lipids extracted from strain BG-1^T and some other haloarchaea is available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.