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Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis sp. nov. and Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis sp. nov., two extremely thermophilic, cellulolytic, anaerobic bacteria from Kamchatka thermal springs

¹ Winogradsky Institute of Microbiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 60 Letiya Oktyabrya 7/2, 117312 Moscow, Russia
² Bioengeneering Center, Russian Academy of Sciences, Prospect 60 Letiya Oktyabrya 7/1, 117312 Moscow, Russia
³ Department of Biology and Center of Geobiology, University of Bergen, PO Box 7800, N-5020 Bergen, Norway

Correspondence
Margarita L. Miroshnichenko
alfamirr{at}mail.ru

Five novel strains (2002^T, 2902, 2006, 108^T and 117) of cellulose-degrading, anaerobic, thermophilic bacteria were isolated from terrestrial hot springs of Kamchatka (Far East, Russia). Strains 2002^T and 108^T were non-spore-forming bacteria with a Gram-positive type cell wall and peritrichous flagella. Optimum growth of strains 2002^T and 108^T occurred at pH 7.0 and at temperatures of 70 and 65 °C, respectively. The G+C contents of the DNA of strains 2002^T and 108^T were 35.1 and 36.4 mol%, respectively. Comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis revealed that the isolates belonged to the genus Caldicellulosiruptor. However, DNA–DNA hybridization experiments indicated that the levels of relatedness between strains 2002^T and 108^T and those of recognized members of the genus Caldicellulosiruptor ranged between 32 and 54 %. Based on both phenotypic and genomic differences, strains 2002^T and 108^T are considered to represent two novel species of the genus Caldicellulosiruptor. The names proposed for these organisms are Caldicellulosiruptor kronotskyensis sp. nov. (type strain 2002^T=DSM 18902^T=VKM B-2412^T) and Caldicellulosiruptor hydrothermalis sp. nov. (type strain 108^T=DSM 18901^T=VKM B-2411^T).

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