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Isolation and characterization of Helicobacter suis sp. nov. from pig stomachs

¹ Department of Pathology, Bacteriology and Avian Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
² Department of Biochemistry, Physiology and Microbiology, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University, Ledeganckstraat 35, B-9000 Ghent, Belgium
³ CODA, CERVA, VAR, Groeselenberg 99, B-1180 Brussels, Belgium

Correspondence
M. Baele
Margo.Baele{at}UGent.be

A new cultivation method was successfully applied for the in vitro isolation of a hitherto uncultured spiral Helicobacter species associated with ulceration of the non-glandular stomach and gastritis in pigs and formerly described as ‘Candidatus Helicobacter suis’. Three isolates, HS1^T, HS2 and HS3, were subcultured from the stomach mucosa of three pigs after slaughter and were analysed using a polyphasic taxonomic approach. The novel isolates grew on biphasic culture plates or very moist agar bases in microaerobic conditions and exhibited urease, oxidase and catalase activities. Sequencing of the 16S rRNA gene, the 23S rRNA gene, the partial hsp60 gene and partial ureAB genes confirmed that the strains present in the gastric mucosa of pigs constituted a separate taxon, corresponding to ‘Helicobacter heilmannii’ type 1 strains as detected in the gastric mucosa of humans and other primates. For all genes sequenced, the highest sequence similarities were obtained with Helicobacter felis, Helicobacter bizzozeronii and Helicobacter salomonis, Helicobacter species isolated from the gastric mucosa of dogs and cats, which have also been detected in the human gastric mucosa and which are commonly referred to as ‘Helicobacter heilmannii’ type 2. SDS-PAGE of whole-cell proteins of strains HS1^T, HS2 and HS3 differentiated them from other Helicobacter species of gastric origin. The results of the polyphasic taxonomic analysis confirmed that the novel isolates constitute a novel taxon corresponding to ‘Helicobacter heilmannii’ type 1 strains from humans and to ‘Candidatus H. suis’ from pigs. The name Helicobacter suis sp. nov. is proposed for the novel isolates with the type strain HS1^T (=LMG 23995^T=DSM 19735^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of H. suis HS1^T is EF204589. The partial ureAB, 23S rRNA and hsp60 gene sequences are available with GenBank accession numbers EF204592, EF204595 and EF204597, respectively.

Four supplementary tables showing the distance matrix analyses for the 16S rRNA, partial ureAB, 23S rRNA and partial hsp60 gene sequences from Helicobacter strains are available with the online version of this paper.

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