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Spongiibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov., a halophilic marine bacterium isolated from the boreal sponge Haliclona sp. 1

Ingeborg Graeber¹, Ines Kaesler¹, Martin S. Borchert², Ralf Dieckmann³, Thomas Pape^4,, Rudi Lurz⁵, Preben Nielsen⁶, Hans von Döhren⁷, Walter Michaelis⁴ and Ulrich Szewzyk¹

¹ Berlin University of Technology, Environmental Microbiology Group, Franklinstrasse 29, Sekr. FR 1-2, D-10587 Berlin, Germany
² Hamburg University of Technology, Technical Microbiology, Kasernenstrasse 12, D-21073 Hamburg, Germany
³ Anagnostec GmbH, Am Mühlenberg 11, D-14476 Potsdam-Golm, Germany
⁴ University of Hamburg, Institute of Biogeochemistry and Marine Chemistry, Bundesstrasse 55, D-20146 Hamburg, Germany
⁵ Max-Planck Institute for Molecular Genetics, Ihnestrasse 63-73, D-14195 Berlin, Germany
⁶ Novozymes A/S, Bacterial screening, Krogshøjvej 36, DK-2880 Bagsværd, Denmark
⁷ Berlin University of Technology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Group, Franklinstrasse 29, Sekr. OE2, D-10587 Berlin, Germany

Correspondence
Ingeborg Graeber
i.graeber{at}web.de

Strain HAL40b^T was isolated from the marine sponge Haliclona sp. 1 collected at the Sula Ridge off the Norwegian coast and characterized by physiological, biochemical and phylogenetic analyses. The isolate was a small rod with a polar flagellum. It was aerobic, Gram-negative and oxidase- and catalase-positive. Optimal growth was observed at 20–30 °C, pH 7–9 and in 3 % NaCl. Substrate utilization tests were positive for arabinose, Tween 40 and Tween 80. Enzyme tests were positive for alkaline phosphatase, esterase lipase (C8), leucine arylamidase, acid phosphatase, naphthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase and N-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase. The predominant cellular fatty acid was C_{17 : 1}8, followed by C_{17 : 0} and C_{18 : 1}7. Analysis by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight MS was used to characterize the strain, producing a characteristic low-molecular-mass protein pattern that could be used as a fingerprint for identification of members of this species. The DNA G+C content was 69.1 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis supported by 16S rRNA gene sequence comparison classified the strain as a member of the class Gammaproteobacteria. Strain HAL40b^T was only distantly related to other marine bacteria including Neptunomonas naphthovorans and Marinobacter daepoensis (type strain sequence similarity >90 %). Based on its phenotypic, physiological and phylogenetic characteristics, it is proposed that the strain should be placed into a new genus as a representative of a novel species, Spongiibacter marinus gen. nov., sp. nov.; the type strain of Spongiibacter marinus is HAL40b^T (=DSM 17750^T =CCUG 54896^T).

Present address: Research Center Ocean Margins, University of Bremen, Klagenfurter Strasse, D-28359 Bremen, Germany.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain HAL40b^T is AM117932.

A MALDI-TOF MS profile showing characteristic peaks and fatty acid composition data of Spongiibacter marinus HAL40b^T are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.