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Sharpea azabuensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic bacterium isolated from the faeces of thoroughbred horses

¹ School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, 1-17-71 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 229-8501, Japan
² Microbial Genome Research Group, Japan Agency of Marine-Earth Science and Technology, 2-15 Natsushima, Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
³ RIKEN Genomic Sciences Center, 1-7-22 Suehiro, Tsurumi, Yokohama, Kanagawa 230-0045, Japan
⁴ Northern Farm, 275 Hayakita-genbu, Abira-cho, Yufutsu-gun, Hokkaido 059-1432, Japan
⁵ Clossfield-Bio Inc., 1-1-20 Higashi-nihonbashi, Chuo-ku, Tokyo 103-0004, Japan
⁶ Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, University of Tokyo, 5-1-5 Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8562, Japan

Correspondence
Hidetoshi Morita
morita{at}azabu-u.ac.jp

Four bacterial strains, designated ST18^T, HM244, HM250 and DI49, were isolated from the fresh faeces of four thoroughbred horses in Japan. Cells were Gram-positive, strictly anaerobic, catalase-negative, non-spore-forming, non-motile rods that occurred in chains. They were placed in the same subcluster based on 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, phenotypic characteristics and levels of DNA–DNA relatedness. Their DNA G+C content ranged from 36 to 38 mol%. Lactobacillus catenaformis, Lactobacillus vitulinus and Catenibacterium mitsuokai belong to cluster XVII of the Clostridium subphylum. Strain ST18^T was most closely related to L. catenaformis ATCC 25536^T in the phylogenetic tree, but these strains shared only 89.9 % (1336/1486 bp) 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity. L. catenaformis, L. vitulinus and C. mitsuokai are homofermentative bacteria, whereas ST18^T produced CO₂ from glucose. Whereas the cell-wall peptidoglycan type of L. catenaformis and L. vitulinus was L-Lys–L-Ala₃, that of C. mitsuokai and the subgroup represented by ST18^T was A1 (L-Ala–D-Glu–meso-diaminopimelic acid). On the basis of 16S rRNA gene sequence divergence of more than 10 % from L. catenaformis as well as phenotypic characteristics, strains ST18^T, HM244, HM250 and DI49 are considered to represent a novel species of a new genus belonging to the Clostridium subphylum cluster XVII, for which the name Sharpea azabuensis gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Sharpea azabuensis is ST18^T (=JCM 14210^T =DSM 18934^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains ST18^T, HM244, HM250 and DI49 and Lactobacillus vitulinus JCM 1143^T are AB210824, AB360599, AB360600, AB360601 and AB210825, respectively.

Maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees and tables detailing the sources of strain isolation and levels of DNA–DNA relatedness are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.