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Acanthopleuribacter pedis gen. nov., sp. nov., a marine bacterium isolated from a chiton, and description of Acanthopleuribacteraceae fam. nov., Acanthopleuribacterales ord. nov., Holophagaceae fam. nov., Holophagales ord. nov. and Holophagae classis nov. in the phylum ‘Acidobacteria’

¹ NITE Biological Resource Center (NBRC), National Institute of Technology and Evaluation (NITE), 2-5-8 Kazusa-Kamatari, Kisarazu-shi, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
² Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, 1-1-1 Yayoi, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-0032, Japan
³ Coastal Branch, Natural History Museum and Institute, 123 Yoshio, Katsuura, Chiba 299-5242, Japan

Correspondence
Yukiyo Fukunaga
fukunaga-yukiyo{at}nite.go.jp

Strain FYK2218^T was isolated from a specimen of the chiton Acanthopleura japonica, which had been collected from a beach on the Boso peninsula in Japan. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strain belonged to the phylum ‘Acidobacteria’. The most closely related type strains to strain FYK2218^T were Holophaga foetida TMBS4^T (83.6 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Geothrix fermentans H-5^T (83.6 %) in subdivision 8 of the ‘Acidobacteria’. Cells of FYK2218^T were motile, rod-shaped, Gram-negative, mesophilic and strictly aerobic. The G+C content of the strain was 56.7 mol%. The strain had isoprenoid quinones MK-6 and MK-7 as major components. Major fatty acids of the strain were iso-C_{15 : 0}, iso-C_{17 : 0}, C_{16 : 0} and C_{20 : 5}3c (cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid). From the taxonomic data obtained in this study, it is proposed that the new marine isolate be placed into a novel genus and species named Acanthopleuribacter pedis gen. nov., sp. nov. within the new family, order and class Acanthopleuribacteraceae fam. nov., Acanthopleuribacterales ord. nov. and Holophagae classis nov. The family Holophagaceae fam. nov. is also described. The type strain of Acanthopleuribacter pedis is FYK2218^T (=NBRC 101209^T =KCTC 12899^T).

Transmission electron micrographs of strain FYK2218^T, a 16S rRNA gene sequence-based tree and a detailed fatty acid profile of strain FYK2218^T are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.