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Thermoanaerobacter uzonensis sp. nov., an anaerobic thermophilic bacterium isolated from a hot spring within the Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka, Far East Russia

¹ Department of Microbiology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
² Department of Marine Sciences, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
³ Savannah River Ecology Laboratory, University of Georgia, Aiken, SC 29802, USA
⁴ Department of Geology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
⁵ HZI - Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Inhoffenstrasse 7, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany

Correspondence
Juergen Wiegel
jwiegel{at}uga.edu

Several strains of heterotrophic, anaerobic thermophilic bacteria were isolated from hot springs of the Uzon Caldera, Kamchatka, Far East Russia. Strain JW/IW010^T was isolated from a hot spring within the West sector of the Eastern Thermal field, near Pulsating Spring in the Winding Creek area. Cells of strain JW/IW010^T were straight to slightly curved rods, 0.5 µm in width and variable in length from 2 to 5 µm and occasionally up to 15 µm, and formed oval subterminal spores. Cells stained Gram-negative, but were Gram-type positive. Growth was observed between 32.5 and 69 °C with an optimum around 61 °C (no growth occurred at or below 30 °C, or at or above 72 °C). The pH^60 °C range for growth was 4.2–8.9 with an optimum at 7.1 (no growth occurred at or below pH^60 °C 3.9, or at 9.2 or above). The shortest observed doubling-time at pH^60 °C 6.9 and 61 °C was 30 min. Strain JW/IW010^T was chemo-organotrophic; yeast extract, peptone, Casamino acids and tryptone supported growth. Yeast extract was necessary for the utilization of non-proteinaceous substrates, and growth was observed with inulin, cellobiose, maltose, sucrose, glucose, fructose, galactose, mannose, xylose, trehalose, mannitol, pyruvate and crotonate. The G+C content of the genomic DNA of strain JW/IW010^T was 33.6 mol% (HPLC method). The major phospholipid fatty acids were iso-15 : 0 (53.5 %), 15 : 0 (11.8 %), 16 : 0 (7.3 %), 10-methyl 16 : 0 (7.3 %) and anteiso-15 : 0 (5.3 %). 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis placed strain JW/IW010^T in the genus Thermoanaerobacter of the family ‘Thermoanaerobacteriaceae’ (Firmicutes), with Thermoanaerobacter sulfurigignens JW/SL-NZ826^T (97 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and Thermoanaerobacter kivui DSM 2030^T (94.5 %) as the closest phylogenetic relatives with validly published names. The level of DNA–DNA relatedness between strain JW/IW010^T and Thermoanaerobacter sulfurigignens JW/SL-NZ826^T was 64 %. Based on the physiological, phylogenetic and genotypic data, strain JW/IW010^T represents a novel taxon, for which the name Thermoanaerobacter uzonensis sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is JW/IW010^T (=ATCC BAA-1464^T=DSM 18761^T). The effectively published strain, 1501/60, of ‘Clostridium uzonii’ [Krivenko, V. V., Vadachloriya, R. M., Chermykh, N. A., Mityushina, L. L. & Krasilnikova, E. N. (1990). Microbiology (English translation of Mikrobiologiia) 59, 741–748] had approximately 88.0 % DNA–DNA relatedness with strain JW/IW010^T and was included in the novel taxon.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain JW/IW010^T is EF530067.

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