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Virgibacillus salarius sp. nov., a halophilic bacterium isolated from a Saharan salt lake

¹ Graduate School of Biosphere Science, Hiroshima University, Kagamiyama, Higashi-hiroshima 739-8528, Japan
² Unit de Recherche 09-03, Ecotoxicologie Marine, Institut Préparatoire aux Etudes d'Ingénieurs de Sfax, Université de Sfax, IPEIS BP 805, 3018 Sfax, Tunisia
³ Ancient Biomaterials Institute and Department of Biology, West Chester University, West Chester, PA 19383, USA
⁴ Alliance for Research on Northern Africa, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Japan

Correspondence
Takeshi Naganuma
takn{at}hiroshima-u.ac.jp

A Gram-positive, endospore-forming, rod-shaped and moderately halophilic bacterium was isolated from a salt-crust sample collected from Gharsa salt lake (Chott el Gharsa), Tunisia. The newly isolated bacterium, designated SA-Vb1^T, was identified based on polyphasic taxonomy including genotypic, phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characterization. Strain SA-Vb1^T was closely related to the type strains of Virgibacillus marismortui and Virgibacillus olivae, with 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities of 99.7 and 99.4 %, respectively. However, strain SA-Vb1^T was distinguished from these two type strains on the basis of phenotypic characteristics and DNA–DNA relatedness (29.4 and 5.1 %, respectively). The genetic relationship between strain SA-Vb1^T and Virgibacillus pantothenticus IAM 11061^T (the type strain of the type species) and other type strains of the genus was 96–98 % based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and 18.3–22.3 % based on DNA–DNA hybridization. Biochemical analysis resulted in determination of major fatty acids iso-C_{15 : 0}, anteiso-C_{15 : 0} and anteiso-C_{17 : 0} (33.3, 29.2 and 9.8 %, respectively); phosphatidylglycerol, diphosphatidylglycerol and phosphatidylethanolamine were the main polar lipids and MK-7 was the predominant menaquinone (100 %). The distinct characteristics demonstrated by strain SA-Vb1^T represent properties of a novel species of the genus Virgibacillus, for which the name Virgibacillus salarius sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is SA-Vb1^T (=JCM 12946^T =DSM 18441^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain SA-Vb1^T is AB197851.

Fatty acid profiles of strain SA-Vb1^T and related type strains and detailed 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA–DNA hybridization results are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.

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