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Natrinema gari sp. nov., a halophilic archaeon isolated from fish sauce in Thailand

¹ Department of Food Technology, Faculty of Agro-Industry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
² Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
³ Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako-shi, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
⁴ Department of Food Science, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, USA
⁵ National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, 113 Thailand Science Park, Paholyothin Rd, Klong 1, Klong Luang, Pathumthani 12120, Thailand

Correspondence
Wonnop Visessanguan
wonnop{at}biotec.or.th

Two Gram-negative, rod-shaped, halophilic archaea, designated strains HIS40-3^T and HDS3-1, were isolated from anchovy fish sauce (nam-pla) collected from two different locations in Thailand. The two strains were able to grow at 20–60 °C (optimum 37–40 °C), at 1.7–5.1 M NaCl (optimum 2.6–3.4 M NaCl) and at pH 5.5–8.5 (optimum pH 6.0–6.5). Hypotonic treatment with less than 1.7 M NaCl caused cell lysis. The major polar lipids of the isolates were C₂₀C₂₀ and C₂₀C₂₅ derivatives of phosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylglycerol phosphate methyl ester, phosphatidylglycerol sulfate, two glycolipids and one unidentified lipid. The DNA G+C contents were 64.0–65.4 mol%. In addition to phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, phylogenetic analysis based on 16S rRNA gene sequence similarities showed that strains HIS40-3^T and HDS3-1 were related most closely to species of the genus Natrinema. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity between strains HIS40-3^T and HDS3-1 and the type strains of recognized Natrinema species were 99.1–96.6 %. The two novel strains could be distinguished from recognized Natrinema species on the basis of low levels of DNA–DNA relatedness and differences in whole-cell protein patterns and phenotypic properties. Levels of 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity and DNA–DNA relatedness between the two strains were 99.7 and 77.7 %, respectively, suggesting that they should be classified as representing a single species. Based on these taxonomic data, strains HIS40-3^T and HDS3-1 are considered to represent a novel species of the genus Natrinema, for which the name Natrinema gari sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is HIS40-3^T (=BCC 24370^T =JCM 14663^T =PCU 303^T).

Two-dimensional TLC of polar lipids extracted from strains HIS40-3^T and HDS3-1, maximum-parsimony and maximum-likelihood phylogenetic trees based on 16S rRNA gene sequences and patterns of whole-cell proteins are available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.

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