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Bacillus polygoni sp. nov., a moderately halophilic, non-motile obligate alkaliphile isolated from indigo balls

¹ Research Institute of Genome-based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukisamu-Higashi, Toyohira-ku, Sapporo 062-8517, Japan
² Department of Bioscience and Technology, School of Engineering, Hokkaido Tokai University, Minamisawa, Minami-ku, Sapporo 005-8601, Japan
³ Graduate School of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8589, Japan
⁴ Laboratory of Electron Microscopy, Graduate School of Dentistry, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Japan
⁵ Department of Biological Science, Faculty of Science, Shizuoka University, 836 Ohya, Suruga-ku, Shizuoka 422-8529, Japan

Correspondence
Isao Yumoto
i.yumoto{at}aist.go.jp

A moderately halophilic, obligate alkaliphile (growth range pH 8–12), designated strain YN-1^T, was isolated from indigo balls obtained from Ibaraki, Japan. The cells of the isolate stained Gram-positive, and were aerobic, non-motile, sporulating rods which grew optimally at pH 9. The strain grew in 3–14 % NaCl with optimum growth in 5 % NaCl. It hydrolysed casein and Tweens 20, 40 and 60, but not gelatin, starch, DNA or pullulan. Its major isoprenoid quinone was MK-7 and its cellular fatty acid profile mainly consisted of anteiso-C_{15 : 0}, anteiso-C_{17 : 0} and anteiso-C_{17 : 1}. 16S rRNA phylogeny suggested that strain YN-1^T was a member of group 7 (alkaliphiles) of the genus Bacillus, with the closest relative being Bacillus clarkii DSM 8720^T (similarity 99.5 %). However, DNA–DNA hybridization showed a low DNA–DNA relatedness (7 %) of strain YN-1^T with B. clarkii DSM 8720^T. Owing to the significant differences in phenotypic and chemotaxonomic characteristics, and phylogenetic and DNA–DNA relatedness data, the isolate merits classification as a new species, for which the name Bacillus polygoni is proposed. The type strain of this species is YN-1^T (=JCM 14604^T=NCIMB 14282^T).

Supplementary figures showing maximum-parsimony and minimum-evolution phylogenetic trees are available with the online version of this paper.

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