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Shewanella canadensis sp. nov. and Shewanella atlantica sp. nov., manganese dioxide- and hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine-reducing, psychrophilic marine bacteria

¹ Biotechnology Research Institute, National Research Council of Canada, 6100 Royalmount Ave, Montreal, Quebec H4P 2R2, Canada
² Defence Research and Development Canada, 2459 Pie IX Boulevard, Valcartier, Quebec G3J 1X5, Canada

Correspondence
Jian-Shen Zhao
jian-shen.zhao{at}cnrc-nrc.gc.ca
Jalal Hawari
jalal.hawari{at}nrc.ca

Two strains belonging to the genus Shewanella, HAW-EB2^T and HAW-EB5^T, were isolated previously from marine sediment sampled from the Atlantic Ocean, near Halifax harbour in Canada, for their potential to degrade explosive hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (RDX). In the present study, strains HAW-EB2^T and HAW-EB5^T were found to display high 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity (90–99.5 %) to species of Shewanella, but their gyrB sequences were significantly different from each other and from species of Shewanella (79–87.6 %). Furthermore, DNA–DNA hybridization showed that the genomic DNA of the two strains was only 22 % related and showed less than 41 % relatedness to closely related species of Shewanella. In comparison to other species of Shewanella, strains HAW-EB2^T and HAW-EB5^T were also unique in some phenotypic properties such as activities of -galactosidase and tyrosine arylamidase and the ability to metabolize certain organic acids and sugars. Both strains HAW-EB2^T and HAW-EB5^T utilize malate, valerate, peptone and yeast extract as sole carbon and energy sources. The major membrane fatty acids of the two strains were C_{14 : 0}, iso-C_{15 : 0}, C_{16 : 0}, C_{16 : 1}7, C_{18 : 1}7 and C_{20 : 5}3 and their major quinones were Q-7, Q-8 and MK-7. On the basis of these results, strain HAW-EB2^T (=NCIMB 14238^T =CCUG 54553^T) is proposed as the type strain of Shewanella canadensis sp. nov. and strain HAW-EB5^T (=NCIMB 14239^T =CCUG 54554^T) is proposed as the type strain of Shewanella atlantica sp. nov.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains HAW-EB2^T and HAW-EB5^T are AY579749 and AY579752 and those for the gyrB gene sequences of strains HAW-EB2^T and HAW-EB5^T are AY842129 and AY842132.

A comparison of the fatty acid compositions of strains HAW-EB2^T and HAW-EB5^T and related species is available as supplementary material with the online version of this paper.

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