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Francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis subsp. nov., isolated from farmed Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua L.)

¹ National Veterinary Institute, Oslo, Norway
² National Veterinary Institute, Bergen, Norway

Correspondence
J. Mikalsen
jarle.mikalsen{at}vetinst.no

Seven bacterial isolates from farmed Atlantic cod displaying chronic granulomatous disease were characterized by phenotypic and molecular taxonomic methods. The isolates were Gram-negative, facultatively intracellular, non-motile, strictly aerobic coccobacilli which produced H₂S from cysteine-supplemented media and are therefore phenotypically consistent with members of the genus Francisella. Comparison of 16S rRNA gene sequences and six partial housekeeping gene sequences (groEL, shdA, rpoB, rpoA, pgm and atpA) confirmed the organism as a member of the genus Francisella, with Francisella philomiragia as its closest relative (99.3 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity, 92.2–99.0 % housekeeping gene sequence similarity). Despite the close relationship with F. philomiragia, isolates from Atlantic cod could be readily distinguished phenotypically and genetically from F. philomiragia ATCC 25015^T. DNA–DNA hybridization studies revealed a mean reassociation value of 68 %. Thus, on the basis of phenotypic and molecular genetic evidence, we propose that the strains isolated from Atlantic cod should be recognized as Francisella philomiragia subsp. noatunensis subsp. nov. with the type strain 2005/50/F292-6C^T (=NCIMB 14265^T=LMG 23800^T). Francisella philomiragia ATCC 25015^T (=DSM 735^T) is reclassified as Francisella philomiragia subsp. philomiragia subsp. nov.

Supplementary tables detailing the primers used in this study, the gene sequence similarities and Kimura two-parameter genetic distances between the isolates from Atlantic cod and other members of the genus Francisella and the GenBank accession numbers for the 16S rRNA, groEL, shdA, rpoB, rpoA, pgm and atpA gene sequences reported in this study are available with the online version of this paper.