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Clostridium nitrophenolicum sp. nov., a novel anaerobic p-nitrophenol-degrading bacterium, isolated from a subsurface soil sample

Microbial Type Culture Collection and Gene bank (MTCC), Institute of Microbial Technology, Sector 39A, Chandigarh – 160 036, India

Correspondence
R. K. Jain
rkj{at}imtech.res.in

An obligate anaerobic, mesophilic, motile and endospore-forming bacterium, designated 1D^T, was isolated from a subsurface soil sample. The young culture of strain 1D^T was Gram-positive and formed oval spores that were central in position. Based on the biochemical, chemotaxonomic and physiological data, strain 1D^T appears to be a member of the genus Clostridium. Strain 1D^T was found to be capable of degrading p-nitrophenol (pNP) at a concentration of 0.5 mM under anaerobic conditions as revealed by HPLC analysis. The major fatty acids were C_{16 : 0} (28.02 %), iso-C_{17 : 1} I/anteiso B (23.05 %) and C_{14 : 0} (10.02 %). The major polar lipid content was diphosphatidylglycerol. Strain 1D^T showed highest 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity to Clostridium aciditolerans JW/YJL-B3^T (98.2 %) and similarity was less for Clostridium scatologenes ATCC 25775^T (95.1 %), Clostridium drakei SL1^T (95.0 %) and Clostridium carboxidivorans P7^T (95.0 %). Phylogenetic analysis showed that it formed a coherent cluster with the species belonging to cluster I of the genus Clostridium. The DNA G+C content was 35.5 mol%. DNA–DNA hybridization analysis indicated a mean value of 36.4 % between strain 1D^T and its closest relative C. aciditolerans. Several phenotypic differences from the closely related species were also revealed. On the basis of the polyphasic characteristics, strain 1D^T represents a novel species of the genus Clostridium, for which the name Clostridium nitrophenolicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is 1D^T (=MTCC 7832^T=JCM 14030^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 1D^T is AM261414.

A table detailing the cellular fatty acid composition of strain 1D^T and Clostridium aciditolerans is available with the online version of this paper.