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Pelotomaculum propionicicum sp. nov., an anaerobic, mesophilic, obligately syntrophic, propionate-oxidizing bacterium

¹ Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
² Subground Animalcule Retrieval (SUGAR) Program, Extremobiosphere Research Center, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science & Technology (JAMSTEC), Yokosuka, Kanagawa 237-0061, Japan
³ Department of Civil Engineering, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
⁴ Institute for Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
⁵ Research Institute of Genome-Based Biofactory, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Sapporo, Hokkaido 062-8517, Japan

Correspondence
Hiroyuki Imachi
imachi{at}jamstec.go.jp

An anaerobic, mesophilic, syntrophic, propionate-oxidizing bacterium, strain MGP^T, was isolated as a defined co-culture with Methanospirillum hungatei from the methanogenic sludge of a mesophilic upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactor. The strain grew in the presence of propionate, but only in co-culture with methanogens, suggesting that it is an obligately syntrophic bacterium. The optimum temperature for growth was 37 °C, and the optimum pH was between 6.5 and 7.2. Based on comparative 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, strain MGP^T was affiliated with subcluster Ih of ‘Desulfotomaculum cluster I’, in which it was found to be moderately related to known species of the genera Pelotomaculum and Cryptanaerobacter. Similar to known species of the genus Pelotomaculum, strain MGP^T could degrade propionate in syntrophy, but had no ability to reduce sulfate, sulfite and thiosulfate. Further phenotypic and genetic studies supported the affiliation of the strain as a novel species in this genus, for which the name Pelotomaculum propionicicum sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is MGP^T (=DSM 15578^T=JCM 11929^T). The strain has been deposited in the DSM and JCM culture collections as a defined co-culture with Methanospirillum hungatei.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene and dsrAB gene sequences of strain MGP^T are AB154390 and AB154391, respectively.

A figure showing the effect of temperature, pH and NaCl concentration on the specific growth rate of strain MGP^T is available with the online version of this paper.