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Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov., a betaproteobacterium toxic to Colorado potato beetle and other insect pests

¹ Insect Biocontrol Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, USA
² Sustainable Agricultural Systems Laboratory, US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, 10300 Baltimore Ave, Beltsville, MD, USA

Correspondence
Phyllis A. W. Martin
Phyllis.Martin{at}ars.usda.gov

Strain PRAA4-1^T, a motile, Gram-negative, violet-pigmented bacterium, was isolated from Maryland forest soil and found to be orally toxic to Colorado potato beetle larvae and other insects. Morphological, biological, biochemical and molecular characterization revealed that this strain was most similar to Chromobacterium violaceum, the type species and only currently recognized member of the genus Chromobacterium. DNA–DNA hybridization with C. violaceum ATCC 12472^T was 27 %. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that strain PRAA4-1^T and Chromobacterium violaceum form a monophyletic clade, with the closest ancestral taxon Vogesella indigofera within the Betaproteobacteria. On the basis of phenotypic, genotypic and phylogenetic analyses, strain PRAA4-1^T (=NRRL B-30655^T=DSM 17043^T) is proposed as the type strain of a novel species of the genus Chromobacterium, Chromobacterium subtsugae sp. nov.

An electron micrograph of cells of strain PRAA4-1^T, photographs of colonies of strain PRAA4-1^T and C. violaceum ATCC 12472^T, results of Southern hybridization of genomic DNA from strain PRAA4-1^T and C. violaceum ATCC 12472^T and fatty acid profiles of strain PRAA4-1^T and related organisms are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

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