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Haloquadratum walsbyi gen. nov., sp. nov., the square haloarchaeon of Walsby, isolated from saltern crystallizers in Australia and Spain

¹ Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
² Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
³ Noda Institute for Scientific Research, 399 Noda, Noda-shi, Chiba-ken 278-0037, Japan
⁴ California Institute of Technology, Mail code 114-96, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
⁵ Universidad Miguel Hernandez, 03550 San Juan de Alicante, Spain
⁶ Department of Microbial Ecology, University of Groningen, 9751 NN Haren (Gn), The Netherlands

Correspondence
Mike L. Dyall-Smith
mlds{at}unimelb.edu.au

Strains C23^T and HBSQ001 were isolated from solar salterns and are novel square-shaped, aerobic, extremely halophilic members of the domain Archaea and family Halobacteriaceae. Cells stained Gram-negative and grew optimally in media containing 18 % salts at around neutral pH. Mg²⁺ is not required. The DNA G+C content of both isolates was 46.9 mol% and DNA–DNA cross-hybridization showed a relatedness of 80 %. Their 16S rRNA gene sequences showed only 2 nucleotide differences (99.9 % identity) and phylogenetic tree reconstructions with other recognized members of the Halobacteriaceae indicated that they formed a distinct clade, with the closest relative being Halogeometricum borinquense PR 3^T (91.2 % sequence identity). The major polar glycolipid of both isolates was the sulfated diglycosyl diether lipid S-DGD-1. Electron cryomicrosopy of whole cells revealed similar internal structures, such as gas vesicles and polyhydroxyalkanoate granules, but the cell wall of isolate HBSQ001 displayed a more complex S-layer compared with that of isolate C23^T. The phenotypic characterization and phylogenetic data support the placement of isolates C23^T and HBSQ001 in a novel species in a new genus within the Halobacteriaceae, for which we propose the name Haloquadratum walsbyi gen. nov., sp. nov. The type strain of Haloquadratum walsbyi is C23^T (=JCM 12705^T=DSM 16854^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of isolates C23^T and HBSQ001 are respectively AY676200 and AM180088.

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