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Description of Shewanella glacialipiscicola sp. nov. and Shewanella algidipiscicola sp. nov., isolated from marine fish of the Danish Baltic Sea, and proposal that Shewanella affinis is a later heterotypic synonym of Shewanella colwelliana

¹ National Research Institute of Fisheries Science, Fisheries Research Agency, 2-12-4 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-8648, Japan
² Danish Institute for Fisheries Research, Department of Seafood Research, Søltofts Plads, c/o Technical University of Denmark, Bldg 221, DK-2800 Kgs Lyngby, Denmark
³ California Institute of Technology, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Biotechnology and Planetary Protection Group, 89-2 Oak Grove Drive, Pasadena, CA 91109, USA

Correspondence
Masataka Satomi
msatomi{at}affrc.go.jp

Two novel species belonging to the genus Shewanella are described on the basis of a polyphasic taxonomic approach. A total of 40 strains of Gram-negative, psychrotolerant, H₂S-producing bacteria were isolated from marine fish (cod and plaice) caught in the Baltic Sea off Denmark. Strains belonging to group 1 (seven strains) were a lactate-assimilating variant of Shewanella morhuae with a G+C content of 44 mol%. The strains of group 2 (33 strains) utilized lactate, N-acetylglucosamine and malate but did not produce DNase or ornithine decarboxylase. Their G+C content was 47 mol%. Phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene sequence data placed the two novel species within the genus Shewanella. Group 1 showed greatest sequence similarity with S. morhuae ATCC BAA-1205^T (99.9 %). However, gyrB gene sequence analysis and DNA–DNA hybridization differentiated these isolates from S. morhuae, with 95.6 % sequence similarity and less than 57 % DNA relatedness, respectively. Group 2 strains shared more than 99 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity with the type strains of Shewanella colwelliana and Shewanella affinis, but gyrB sequence similarity (85 %) and the results of DNA hybridization (28 %) indicated that the new isolates represented a novel species. Furthermore, when compared to each other, the type strains of S. colwelliana and S. affinis had almost identical gyrB sequences and significantly high DNA reassociation values (76–83 %), indicating that they belonged to the same species. Based on the conclusions of this study, we propose the novel species Shewanella glacialipiscicola sp. nov. (type strain T147^T=LMG 23744^T=NBRC 102030^T) for group 1 strains and Shewanella algidipiscicola sp. nov. (type strain S13^T=LMG 23746^T=NBRC 102032^T) for group 2 strains, and we propose that Shewanella affinis as a later heterotypic synonym of Shewanella colwelliana.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene and gyrB sequences of six of the new isolates are AB205568–AB205571, AB205574 and AB205577 (16S rRNA gene) and AB266200–AB266205 (gyrB), as indicated in Figs 1 and 2.

Details of strains and DNA–DNA hybridization results are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

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