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Molecular-genetic diversity of the ascomycetous yeast genus Arthroascus: Arthroascus babjevae sp. nov., Arthroascus fermentans var. arxii var. nov. and geographical populations of Arthroascus schoenii

¹ State Institute for Genetics and Selection of Industrial Micro-organisms, Moscow 117545, Russia
² Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, 3584 CT Utrecht, The Netherlands

Correspondence
Gennadi I. Naumov
gnaumov{at}yahoo.com

Using molecular and genetic analyses, 28 Arthroascus strains were analysed, isolated from widely different geographical localities in Europe, North America, Far-East Asia and Hawaii. Most of the strains have been assigned to the species Arthroascus schoenii. PCR-RAPD revealed two Japanese Arthroascus strains (UCD 67-278 and IFO 10138) to have peculiar patterns. Comparative rDNA (D1/D2 26S, ITS1 and ITS2) sequence analysis showed that the two strains respectively represent a novel species and a novel variety. Based on the results of sequence analysis, genetic hybridization and DNA–DNA reassociation, two new members of the genus Arthroascus are formally described, Arthroascus babjevae sp. nov. (type strain UCD 67-278^T=CBS 9167^T) and Arthroascus fermentans var. arxii var. nov. (type strain IFO 10138^T=CBS 9168^T). These results show that A. schoenii has a worldwide distribution, while the species Arthroascus javanensis is represented only by the type culture CBS 2555^T, isolated in Indonesia. Cluster analysis revealed a correlation between PCR-RAPD fingerprints and geographical origin of the A. schoenii strains. Despite this molecular differentiation, A. schoenii strains collected in different regions of the world formed predominantly fertile hybrids, with normal recombination of control markers.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the D1/D2 and ITS sequences obtained in this study are detailed in Table 1.

Results of genetic analysis between three A. fermentans strains and ex-type cultures of A. javanensis and A. schoenii, results of genetic analysis of intrastrain and intrapopulation hybrids of A. schoenii strains and DNA–DNA reassociation results between Arthroascus strains are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

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