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Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov., an anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, syntrophic alcohol- and lactate-degrading bacterium isolated from thermophilic digested sludges

¹ Institute of Biological Resources and Functions, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Central 6, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8566, Japan
² Department of Environmental Systems Engineering, Nagaoka University of Technology, Nagaoka, Niigata 940-2188, Japan
³ Division of Industrial and Environmental Physics, Indonesian Institute of Sciences, Kompleks LIPI, Bandung 40135, Indonesia

Correspondence
Yuji Sekiguchi
y.sekiguchi{at}aist.go.jp

Three anaerobic, moderately thermophilic, syntrophic primary alcohol- and lactate-degrading microbes, designated strains JL^T, JE and OL, were isolated from sludges of thermophilic (55 °C) digesters that decomposed either municipal solid wastes or sewage sludge. The strains were strictly anaerobic organisms. All three strains grew at 25–60 °C and pH 5.5–8.5 and optimum growth was observed at 45–50 °C and pH 6.0–7.0. The three organisms grew chemo-organotrophically on a number of carbohydrates in the presence of yeast extract. In co-culture with the hydrogenotrophic methanogen Methanothermobacter thermautotrophicus, all strains could utilize ethanol, glycerol and lactate syntrophically for growth, although these compounds were not metabolized in pure culture without additional external electron acceptors. All strains could reduce thiosulphate. Quinones were not detected. The DNA G+C contents of strains JL^T, JE and OL were 38.0, 37.3 and 37.7 mol%, respectively. Major cellular fatty acids of the strains were iso-C_{15 : 0}, C_{16 : 0} and unsaturated species of C_{15 : 1}. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences revealed that the strains belong to a deeply branched lineage of the phylum Firmicutes; the most closely related species was Thermovenabulum ferriorganovorum (16S rRNA gene sequence similarity of 88 %). The three strains were phylogenetically very closely related to each other (99–100 % 16S rRNA gene sequence similarity) and were physiologically and chemotaxonomically similar. These genetic and phenotypic properties suggest that the strains should be classified as representatives of a novel species and genus; the name Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus gen. nov., sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain of Tepidanaerobacter syntrophicus is strain JL^T (=JCM 12098^T=NBRC 100060^T=DSM 15584^T).

Photomicrographs of strains JE and OL cultivated anaerobically with sucrose and yeast extract at 45 °C are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

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