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Four psychrotolerant species with high chemical diversity consistently producing cycloaspeptide A, Penicillium jamesonlandense sp. nov., Penicillium ribium sp. nov., Penicillium soppii and Penicillium lanosum

¹ Center for Microbial Biotechnology, BioCentrum-DTU, Building 221, Søltofts Plads, DK-2800 Kgs, Lyngby, Denmark
² Biodiversity (Mycology and Botany), National Programme on Environmental Science, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0C6, Canada
³ Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Joint Institute for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (JIFSAN), University of Maryland, College Park, MD 20742, USA
⁴ Institute of Biological Sciences, Edward Llwyd Building, University of Wales, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion SY23 3DA, UK

Correspondence
Jens C. Frisvad
jcf{at}biocentrum.dtu.dk

Penicillium jamesonlandense is a novel species from Greenland that grows exceptionally slowly at 25 °C and has an optimum temperature for growth of 17–18 °C. The novel species is more psychrotolerant than any other Penicillium species described to date. Isolates of this novel species produce a range of secondary metabolites with a high chemical diversity, represented by kojic acid, penicillic acid, griseofulvin, pseurotin, chrysogine, tryptoquivalins and cycloaspeptide. Penicillium ribium, another novel psychrotolerant species from the Rocky Mountains, Wyoming, USA, produces asperfuran, kojic acid and cycloaspeptide. Originally reported from an unidentified Aspergillus species isolated from Nepal, cycloaspeptide A is reported here for the first time from the two novel Penicillium species and two known psychrotolerant species with high chemical diversity, Penicillium soppii and Penicillium lanosum. All species, except P. ribium, produce a combination of cycloaspeptide and griseofulvin. However, P. ribium (3/5 strains) produced the precursor to griseofulvin, norlichexanthone. The type strain of Penicillium jamesonlandense sp. nov. is DAOM 234087^T (=IBT 21984^T=IBT 24411^T=CBS 102888^T) and the type strain of Penicillium ribium sp. nov. is DAOM 234091^T (=IBT 16537^T=IBT 24431^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the ITS and -tubulin gene sequences for the strains of the four Penicillium species examined in this study are DQ285608–DQ285627 and DQ267904–DQ257924, respectively.

A phylogenetic tree based on ITS gene sequences and a description of the methods used for X-ray analysis are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.