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Rubellimicrobium thermophilum gen. nov., sp. nov., a red-pigmented, moderately thermophilic bacterium isolated from coloured slime deposits in paper machines

Ewald B. M. Denner^1,2,, Marko Kolari², Douwe Hoornstra², Irina Tsitko², Peter Kämpfer³, Hans-Jürgen Busse⁴ and Mirja Salkinoja-Salonen²

¹ Institut für Mikrobiologie und Genetik, Universität Wien, A-1030 Wien, Austria
² Department of Applied Chemistry and Microbiology, POB 56, FIN 00014 University of Helsinki, Finland
³ Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35390 Giessen, Germany
⁴ Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Wien, Austria

Correspondence
Ewald B. M. Denner
ewald.denner{at}vu-wien.ac.at

Six red-pigmented strains of the Alphaproteobacteria with optimal growth between 45 and 54 °C were previously isolated from coloured biofilms in two fine-paper machines and one pulp dryer. The strains were found to be resistant to 15 p.p.m. 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide, a common industrial biocide. 16S RNA gene sequence similarity of the isolates was 99.7–100 %. Ribotyping using the restriction enzymes PvuII and EcoRI showed that four of the isolates (C-lvk-R2A-1, C-lvk-R2A-2^T, C-R2A-52d and C-R2A-5d) belong to a single species. 16S rRNA gene-based phylogenetic analysis revealed that, together with Rhodobacter blasticus ATCC 33485^T, the isolates form a deep line of descent (94.7–94.9 % sequence similarity) within the family Rhodobacteraceae loosely affiliated with the Rhodobacter/Paracoccus clade. The isolates were strictly aerobic and oxidase-positive (catalase was weakly positive) and utilized a wide range of substrates including pentoses, hexoses, oligosaccharides and sugar alcohols. The predominant constituents in their cellular fatty acid profiles were C_{19 : 0} cyclo 8c (39–44 %), C_{18 : 0} (21–24 %) and C_{16 : 0} (21–23 %). Fatty acids present in smaller amounts included C_{18 : 1}7c, C_{10 : 0} 3-OH, C_{18 : 1}7c 11-methyl, C_{20 : 2}6,9c and C_{17 : 0} cyclo, amongst others. Polar lipids included diphosphatidylglycerol, phosphatidylcholine and an unidentified aminolipid, but not phosphatidylethanolamine. Carotenoid pigments were synthesized but bacteriochlorophyll a was not. The polyamine patterns consisted of the major compounds putrescine, spermidine and sym-homospermidine. The major respiratory lipoquinone was ubiquinone Q-10. The DNA G+C content was 69.4–70.2 mol%. On the basis of the phylogenetic and phenotypic evidence, the biofilm isolates were classified in a new genus, Rubellimicrobium gen. nov.; four of the isolates are assigned to the type species, Rubellimicrobium thermophilum gen. nov., sp. nov. Strain C-lvk-R2A-2^T (=CCUG 51817^T=DSM 16684^T=HAMBI 2421^T) is the type strain of Rubellimicrobium thermophilum.

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession numbers for the 16S rRNA gene sequences of strains A-col-R2A-4, C-lvk-R2A-2^T, C-R2A-52d, E-R2A-8a and C-lvk-R2A-1 are AJ505840 and AJ844281–AJ844284, respectively.

Details of the polyamine and fatty acid profiles of the novel strains, characteristics that distinguish the strains from other similar species isolated from paper-machine biofilms, results of riboprint analysis and additional electron micrographs are available as supplementary material in IJSEM Online.

Present address: Institut für Bakteriologie, Mykologie und Hygiene, Veterinärmedizinische Universität, A-1210 Wien, Austria.

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