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Psychromonas ingrahamii sp. nov., a novel gas vacuolate, psychrophilic bacterium isolated from Arctic polar sea ice

Ann J. Auman¹, Jennifer L. Breezee^2,, John J. Gosink^2,, Peter Kämpfer³ and James T. Staley²

¹ Department of Biology, Pacific Lutheran University, Tacoma, WA 98447, USA
² Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
³ Institut für Angewandte Mikrobiologie, Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 26–32, D-35392 Giessen, Germany

Correspondence
James T. Staley
jtstaley{at}u.washington.edu

A gas vacuolate bacterium, designated strain 37^T, was isolated from a sea ice core collected from Point Barrow, Alaska, USA. Cells of strain 37^T were large (6–14 µm in length), rod-shaped, contained gas vacuoles of two distinct morphologies, and grew well at NaCl concentrations of 1–10 % and at temperatures of –12 to 10 °C. The DNA G+C content was 40 mol%. Whole-cell fatty acid analysis showed that 16 : 17c comprised 67 % of the total fatty acid content. Phylogenetic analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences indicated that this bacterium was closely related to members of the genus Psychromonas, with highest sequence similarity (96.8 %) to Psychromonas antarctica. Phenotypic analysis differentiated strain 37^T from P. antarctica on the basis of several characteristics, including cell morphology, growth temperature range and the ability to hydrolyse polymers. DNA–DNA hybridization experiments revealed a level of relatedness of 37 % between strain 37^T and P. antarctica, providing further support that it represents a distinct species. The name Psychromonas ingrahamii sp. nov. is proposed for this novel species. The type strain is 37^T (=CCUG 51855^T=CIP 108865^T).

The GenBank/EMBL/DDBJ accession number for the 16S rRNA gene sequence of strain 37^T is U73721.

Present address: Department of Special Bacteriology, Washington State Department of Health, Shoreline, WA 98155, USA.

Present address: Department of Bioinformatics, Amgen, Inc., Seattle, WA 98119, USA.

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